فصلنامه آفاق امنیت
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1390)

This paper has briefly discussed soft power and its measurement method for the countries and then has reviewed and analyzed a conceptualization on Islamic Republic of Iran’s economic soft power as a political system based on pure Islam and the will of the people as well as supreme leader orders. Afterwards, it has studied / classified institutional foregrounds in creating economic soft power and its findings in Islamic Republic of Iran’s constitution as the most important superior document. The results suggest that the sacred system of Islamic Republic of Iran-with its lofty goals - must build its suitable pattern which is based on material prosperity, social justice, revolutionary ideals and morale as well as enjoyment from the moral values of Islam and consequently it reinforce its attractiveness for persuasion of other nations towards the Islam noble goals.

Study on the political processes always has signs of continuity in the behavioral foundations of in the United State’s foreign policy. Hence the approach of Barack Obama’s foreign policy may be explained within the framework of the security realism atmosphere, based on establishing and maintaining “balance of power”. The article shows that how the Obama administration tries to promote a proactive balance in the area of foreign policy to manage the existing revolutions in the Middle East.

One of the major developments in the contemporary world and also in the field of security studies and concepts is to offer extended definition of the security issues even beyond military security. Security has taken political, economic, cultural, cyber- information (media) aspects due to security developments in the contemporary world and the evolution of human needs. Meanwhile, media security has a notable role in creating serious challenges for national security. Media security is of effective importance in the promotion of cultural security and, subsequently, national security of each country, because of its role in disseminating information and shaping public opinion and its orientation. Islamic Revolution of Iran, continuously criticizing dogmatic norms of the structure of international system, has faced structural constraints emerged from international system in the hardware and normative levels. Today, given the changing nature of security threats from hardware to software, media is used as the most important tool in the West and U.S. for globalizing liberal- democracy values. Thus, countries that have different norms from norms governing the international system; seem to encounter the Western media. Given to the importance of the issue, this research will draw prospects for media with attention to possible serious competitiveness in media spaceon the bas is of research methods of futures study (Delphi method) and in doing so, will provide the necessary solutions at three areas of guidanance / promotion, information / education and entertaining / recreation for the media different areas.

The National Security Law indicates set of standards and norms governing the definition of the aspects, objectives, reference, necessaries and reproachable frameworks and eventually the rights and responsibilities of government and the people in this relationship as well as how to ensuring the observance of these frameworks. The major concern of this field give expression to way of legalization of national security and its definition, implementation and defense under the existing standards. Since ago two centuries, states tended towards formulating single or multiple sets of “national security act (code)” and their approval in the legislatures. Today the description and interpretation of the relationship between law (statute law) and national security in its broadest sense -by itself- is interdisciplinary approach and framework. In order to offer further understanding of our country institutions and bodies, the research explains its main bases.

Having reviewed the past and present relations between Turkey and Armenia, this paper examines normal process of normalization of Relations, and the most important factors influencing the relations between two countries as well as the political - economic consequences of these relations in geopolitically regional context. The results show improvement in Turkey’s relations with Armenia will be useful only if the national interests of other countries in the region be considered in the normalization process of relations, Since ignoring the interests of other countries in the path of normalization process of the relations lose Turkey’s interests in its relations with Azerbaijan and Georgia. Therefore, influential powers in the region believe potential consequences of improving Turkey Armenia relations result in unique complexity. Following improving Turkey Armenia relations, region may see balance of influence among interested powers

Basij of Imam Khomeini’s (RA) and Supreme Leader’s (Imam Khamenehi) thought is a peerless strategy in the Islamic Revolution process and realization of goals and dealing with risks and threats. During the time of forming the revolution, Imam Khomeini (RA) had emphasized guarding for the achievement and consolidation of the revolution and in wartime (military, economic, cultural and political war); he emphasized popular Basij of the revolution forces in all areas. At Imam Khomeini’s decision (RA) for the Basij of students and seminarists and Supreme Leader’s (Imam Khamenehi)repeated emphsises has been noticed Basij of classes. Thus, they want to fill all of the gaps including gaps in political, intellectual, social, ideological and military and etc by means of the Basij.At era of soft threat as the most important danger for the Islamic system, this article analyze role of students’ and seminarists’ Basij and characteristics of these two classes’ contribution on the basis of past actions and pay attention to various aspects of soft threat and Basij capabilities and abilities by means of descriptive-explanative method. With changing indicators to questions, these questions are given experts and scholars in form of questionnaire and after to add together and statistical analysis of the data and testing roles, this article surveys role of students’ and seminarists’ Basij in countering to soft threats in four areas of Basij, seminary and university, people and officials.

Year after year, social movement and its utilization in social activities and recently in political actions are noticed by social and political actors. What became known as the color revolutions in the political literature can to consider as application of social movements and non-governmental organizationswith political purposes for overthrowing the political system. In the first place, this paper investigates the history of social movements and its forms, procedures as well as theories, and then the NGOs’ situation in Serbia as a leading color revolution. Eventually this article inquiries how to create Otpor (resistance) social movement, its function in the Serbia’s political scene and mode of regime’ confrontation with it.