فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا
پیاپی 22 (زمستان 1395)

Existence apparent instability of the region, the researchers have been using the statistics and information and adopt appropriate methods and techniques to analyze the spatial inequality and instability deals And illuminates the stability and sustainability of the ranking are differences in terms of enjoyment and ultimate causes. In this connection, the assessment of sustainable development is essential to ordered into the matter, and because of the special features and concept of sustainable development is very difficult. Considering that in a dynamic system such as the human population dynamics, stability means stable equilibrium over time. This concept is not something that can be easily measured, the stability of a constant quality is not a fixed point. It is important to assess what might be inclined to assess the balance over timeThe purpose of this study, comparative development Khuzestan province in two period of 1385 and 1390 is with an emphasis on sustainable development. In this study, we examined indicators for 1385 consists of 59 variables and 71 variables 6 index for 1390 in infrastructure, health, cultural, educational, and economic State Welfare The Statistical Yearbook 1385 and 1390 collected And the use of multi-criteria decision VIKOR, Khuzestan province is classified according to different levels of stability. The results of this paper show that the inequality in the stability in most areas of the city there. However, in 1390 to 1385 in some of the scales of inequality has diminished somewhat. Based on the results in the greatest improvement in the coefficient of expansion of cities, belonging to three city Hendijan (723/0) Masjed Soleiman (687/0) and 623/0 percent of the Andimesh And also the lowest improvement in three city of Abadan (257/0), Azadegan (252/0) and Iran to 245/0 percent, respectively.

Tourism is the second largest industry in the world as the next moneys of oil due to the positive effects of economic and social transformation that has a wondrous abundance is in the realm of the human settlement Role structural areas, including towns and villages have. The industry that it will lift the title of "the hope of most parts of the country development strategy of the third world", if integrated with the planning and management of regional and national, can be accompanied by a mechanism dynamics and sustainable development of the communities of these outputs. In this study, with the aim of understanding and analysis of the development of tourism in the city of kazeroon descriptive analytical approach is taken, the-by using the techniques of planning models and assessment Potential SWOT and Butler to assess the capabilities and the development of tourism in the region will be addressed. To analyze the information and determine the weight of the four factors of tops (S.W.O. T) of 20 was used for County tourism experts. As a result, the following studies and calculations were determined obtained: The study studied area with 17 strength And weighted score 224/3 and 18 opportunities and weighted score 210/3 against 19 weaknesses And a weighted score 121/3 and 16 threatened and weighted score 088/3 has high tourism potentials to be developed , but, existing weaknesses and threats has have prevented the realization of these capabilities. Then, to improve and develop tourism in the township 7 competitive strategies – aggressive, 5 diversification strategy, and 7 Review Strategy 6 Defense Strategy were proposed. Finally, paid to categorize the city for tourism by Butler model, it was clear tourism in Kazeroon the seven stage follow complete the two- stage and entered the third stage (Development stage).

Natural sub-structure of rural and urban settlements has variety features which are identified by the creation of opportunities and constraints for development. Thus, measurement of ecological powers for the achievement to the territory potentials and capabilities is necessity in order to growth and physical development of city. However, it is clear to everyone that the physical development of cities has also a lot of implications to the destruction of favorable agricultural lands and the expansion of vulnerable zones like flood areas, improper slope impact ecological balances and urban sustainability. Considering these in mind, the way of utilization of rational and systematic methods is of great importance for planning and management and efficient use of resources, particularly natural resources.
Although natural and of course man-made environment has created restrictions on development of human societies. But by considering results of interactions on the existing development of the possibilities and limitations, directions of physical development, population and habitat sphere of influence is determined. Synoptic and quantitative analysis of environmental characteristics can be one of sources and detection methods of physical development of the city direction and identify threats and vulerable zones that have a great impact on different aspects of future life of the city. The purpose of this study is measurement ecological power of urban areas for future growth and physical development of cities by systematic and reasonable method. So in this study city of Sabzevar has been selected for review and measurement by Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process (IHWP) logic in two models has been identified environmental vulnerability and land capability survey.
In the end with respect to outputs of two models and comparison between presented by GIS, have been identified spatial obstacles and opportunities for sustainable physical development in urban area of Sabzevar. Research results indicate that east region of city limits with respect to vulnerability measurement and land capability survey present the most optimal opportunities for physical development. However, south region of city despite its land capability has not raised development opportunities due to environmental vulnerability.

The aim of this study was to investigate appropriate urban spaces for disabled access Case Study: Government offices in Kashan and understand the problems and inadequacies are available. A survey description. Data were collected through questionnaires. The study population consisted of 26 office buildings in the city of Kashan that is based on 46 indicators of children in accordance with the relevant rules of Kashan in Iran, government agencies were evaluated. The analysis of this study, further analysis of qualitative and quantitative methods and techniques of descriptive and inferential statistics such as Topsis fuzzy and GIS has been used in this study, a relatively wide range of qualitative and quantitative variables and parameters suitable environment for disabled people in office buildings respectively. The findings indicate that most of these buildings are not suitable for the physically disabled traffic. The best performance in the offices of the Social Security Administration and the Department of Social Welfare is studied. The weakest performance of the industry and trade office belongs. The findings also show that none of offices and government buildings, special equipment for disabled people is not the sum of these factors, turbulent atmosphere, unhealthy and lacking in safety and comfort for different social groups, especially disabled people in these spaces has created a situation poor requires careful planning and coherent in order to improve the situation and increase the comfort and safety and thus creating a social environment is lively and cheerful with disabilities.

In the last few decades, to facilitate planning, development and to control local-regional spaces more, the governments sought to minimize the spaces. In order to realize this goal, they have performed political-official divisions in a local and regional background. The power of states is the most important factor in political decisions and political affairs and cause changes in urban systems and urban hierarchies in the long run. There has always been a direct relationship between the administrative-political centrality and the concentration of power and capital in Iran. The reason is that the government has had and has a powerful role in urban development and urbanization as a strong urban element in urban development. This paper has tested the selected indices (including social, economical, cultural, hygienic and physical) using analytic, descriptive method, quantitative models and statistical software. The result of this research indicates an inequality among cities especially the significant gap that exists between Bojnourd and other cities of the regions to be studied. Using change variance (CV) model and marking Z of the cities of the region, it is determined that the Bojnourd city itself places first according to 6 indices from among 11 selected indices and also there exists a clear gap between Bojnourd with amount of Z 8.57 and the second city of the region, that is Shirvan, with amount of Z-3.54. The result of regional evaluation suggests that promotion and political changes have had the most influence on the primary urban phenomenon. The research has been carried out using rank-size model and shows that Bojnourd with its official-political function has strengthened its centrality and its population density has put it at the beginning of urban hierarchy of the region and has led to structural changes.

New data of the technological speed causes the formation of social developments and emerging from the leisure as one of the fundamental requirements. This applies to the development of the tourism industry and tourism destination of around urban as a promenade in the following scale is used; therefore, the Valley of the Kong with respect to the diversity and the richness of its natural and cultural city of Mashhad can attract attention and tourists.
In this study of compilation approach, the most appropriate strategy for the SWOT-ANP to determine the development of ecotourism in the Valley of the Kong. Since the analysis model of inner factors of SWOT (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) and classified its results often list only listing of the inner and outer factors, and therefore cannot fully assess comprehensive strategic decision making process.
Hence this research, SWOT model to fix shortcomings of the technique of ANP. In fact, the process of analysis of the network between the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats can establish dependency. The present article, in terms of the objective applied methods and terms of their analytical descriptive study-style. Method of data collection for field studies, library and type of work (interviews and questionnaire) and a theoretical framework as well as with the use of the documents is done.
Based on the results of the research, the most appropriate strategy for the development of ecotourism in the promenade of the Valley Kong, strategy SO (coordination between the various departments and institutions and the development of ecotourism and resources associated with it and the natural and cultural attractions of tourism and job creation in the Valley of the Kong promenade) with a weight of 0.746. While the strategy WO weighing alternative strategy as 0.494.

Agricultural has a major role in all dimensions of spatial development. Hence, one of the great goals of planning system and policymaking of communities is sustainable agricultural development. Identification and evaluation of ecological potential in geographical areas order to utilizing and produce various agricultural products can speed up the process of achieving sustainable development Agricultural. Nehbandan county in East of our country which is recognized as a mostly rural area, the population rely on agriculture more than other sectors of the economy. In this paper has been tried to ecological feasibility of this area for the planting of pistachios that is economic output, to be done. This paper is applied. Criteria affecting on Pistachio planting in any geographic area 7 is known that its data for Nehbandan County of documents, statistics and information of relevant organizations is collected. In order analysis of the information things such as database establishing in GIS, prepared vector layers, the layers convert to raster format, fuzzification and finally fuzzy gamma operator applied to overly of the layers is done. Results showed that 51 percent (11,861 acres) of Nehbandan county land is suitable for planting Pistachio and that to help the economic situation of rural households and sustainable development agriculture can be used. Utilizes situation shows that, so far ecological capacity Nehbandan, especially to develop sustainable agriculture is not necessary to actualize. Hence, cannot be expected necessary dynamics and alteration towards achieve sustainable development of agriculture and also suitable development of rural society Nehbandan cannot emerge.

Urban poverty is the greatest challenges of global development. If the current adverse trends continue, over the next years, two billion people will be residents of impoverished areas.Also one of the third word countries’s features is high concentrated and unbalanced civilization. There fore a few numbers of neighbourhoodsare in welfare and confort in these cities. In return some of inhabilants in urban regions are not in acceptable welfare and convenience. So in order to balance and get access to an appropriate pattern, discussion of logical planning is proposed. It is aimed to identifying inequality, and establishing a balance in the region of the city in different places.It is necessary to take insistent action to adjust inequalities , Today, Tabriz city as the fifth most populated city of Iran is experiencing rapid urbanization and urbanism which this leads to lack of services and facilities available to citizens and the objectivity of poverty can be found in areas, like Yousef Abad, Khalil Abad, etc.Thus the study of the spatial spread of poverty in the city of Tabriz inevitable. The research method is an applied, descriptive, comparative analytical .For recognizing and measuring poverty, spatial autocorrelation technique using hot spot analysis in Arc / GIS is used. To analyze the distribution patterns of urban poverty Moran statistic is used. To measure the spatial variation of poverty on the basis of social, economic and physical during 1996-2006 is used Crosstab model in the IDRISI software. In order to recognitize Tabriz in perspective of spatial poverty organization, statistical blocks of year 1996-2006 have been used. .

Iran has gained considerable importance in recent decades In relation to spatial development due to the increase in population, especially the urban population. Urban population growth in the country has been inharmonious development and the elimination of agricultural resources and the natural landscape of the surrounding towns. However, it is a source of valuable space, but eroded in many cities That would solve a lot of problems in cities now. So it is always a problem in modern cities, the renovation and improvement of the eroded city. which has led to efforts to modernize and renovate it Various scholars and urban managers. Accordingly, Hence is used to achieve the aim of the study (improvement and modernization for proposed priority areas) Therefore, it has been used to achieve this goal of 7 main variable decay include dating, price, type of building, area, land slope, and access status number of residential units on floors worn texture in the present study. Is used to analyze research data from functions (Sum fuzzy, And fuzzy, product fuzzy) in the GIS software and has also been usedThe Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), through weighting criteria In order to compare the results. Finally, were compared with the results obtained from fuzzy functions and fuzzy AHP to identify the best locations for the development and modernization of distressed area. The result showed According to the model used functions in this study, The total share of urban distressed area (An area of over 244023 m i.e. %721 of the total tissue) Been a strong priority for modernization. While the share of distressed area (An area of over 41502/5 m i.e. %11 of the total tissue) Poor conditions for modernization. As well as more mature on the FAHP model, i.e. an area of approximately 10/0 square meters of 32085% share of total benefits for Improvement the tissue would suggest. Of course, the proposed operation details are displayed in other than the Sum operator on functions and fuzzy AHP model more accurately.

With the increasing development of global governance in the last century, organizations of various sizes to offer a host of educational and social services in urban areas pay. One example of these organizations , faith-based organizations that are recognized as organizations. These types of organizations that are active based on faith Already has millions of members worldwide and because of his faith in the efficacy of additional capacity compared to other organizations. And because of his faith in the efficacyof additional capacity compared to other organizations. On the other hand, due to the inner motivations and their faith in a double capacity to implement such policies in line Empower and reduce poverty in urban neighborhoods . The study of area is mainly in the neighborhoods of Tehran, with a population of 439,467 people constitute a Among them 10 neighborhood organizations, faith-based, with 255 sample through questionnaires, interviews and observation using SPSS software have been assessed. Most important The results of the study are as follows: 1. Faith-based organizations in selected neighborhoods in the city of Tehran is to strengthen the sustainable development community
2. empower organizations to strengthen and reduce problems caused by poor urban neighborhoods have the most important function directly
3. These organizations to provide social services, education, particularly basic needs of the residents are also involved
faith-based organizations are a kind of social capital The management and sustainable development in the region, a neighborhood in Tehran Important role in providing a variety of social and economic services to their residents This position reduces the problems of poverty in the region .

Synoptic patterns of the atmosphere is the main factor in the distribution of rainfall in time and place. It is one of the drought disasters every year to load frequency losses. This phenomenon as a result of severe and recurrent temporal-local atmospheric circulation patterns. Hence, the study and identification of synoptic patterns of the above phenomenon is inevitable. In this study, the first of the annual 17 rainfall station was selected in the West country standard time. After determining the time and place threshold rainfall, widespread wet year and drought in the area with the use of the SPI index was detected. Read on, for the purpose of identification and classification of synoptic patterns to agents of the creator of wet and dry periods of Principal Component Analysis and statistical Cluster Analysis was used. Then got the height of the geo-potential sea level pressure and level of 500 HP level from the National Center for environmental prediction website (NCEP/NCAR), and finally was analyzed by synoptic systems composite map related to each cluster. Results achieved show that for the dry period can be used to stack in the 500 HP level alignment in Eastern Europe because of the point sink and cold high latitude drooling into the area and prevent an air mass ascent. For the pattern of the Earth's surface can also be referred to a high-pressure cell that has been imported from Eastern Europe region and the atmospheric movements close to the Earth's surface under their influence. For more courses in related patterns align 500 HP level can be found in the Middle East to deep trough pointed out that Red Sea moisture into the region. On the other hand, ground level patterns consist a low-pressure flow on Zagros Mountains that make ready condition for climb and instability.

World leaders meeting in 1382, which was realized in the Global Information Society, Email cities as part of special interest is the information society. Cities mail software and hardware platform for citizens to access all of the time Services to public and private databases on the Web provide. This research is based on the experience of effective use of ICT in the delivery of municipal services aims at a distance The introduction and recognition of portal-commerce and m-commerce readiness levels Tehran's case in six districts of the region. In implementing this objective, analytical and survey research method was used. Sample, eighteen residents of Tehran are six regional district Cochran formula based on a sample of 390 randomly selected number of documents and field data has been collected And SPSS software was used for data analysis. The research hypothesis test results show that a significant relationship between the independent variable at a 99 percent service portal commerce with the dependent variables include citizen satisfaction, reduce traffic and citizen participation there.The research hypothesis test results show that a significant relationship between the independent variable at a 99 percent service portal commerce with the dependent variables include citizen satisfaction, reduce traffic and citizen participation there.The research hypothesis test results show that a significant relationship between the independent variable at a 99 percent service portal commerce with the dependent variables include citizen satisfaction, reduce traffic and citizen participation there.

Rural Guide Plan for Structural and functional organizing the rural, according to the distribution meaningful uses the based to the needs, constraints and capabilities of the village done. One of the main objectives of the plan, is land use planning at the village level. With emphasize on necessity Guide plan evaluate, cognition of the level performance of the project in land use planning have high effect in the future physical development of rurals the country.
Research methodin Paper is a descriptive-analytical. Its purpose is to evaluate the performance of plan Guide rural in land use planning and rate realization of the proposed uses in rurals is. Data were collected through field studies and library. The study population included the 24 villages in the Zanjan county. The population Selected village is 6757 person. Using Morgan table, 364 person were selected as simple. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, goodness of fit tests, probit regression model, GMDH neural network was performed. And The software Excel, R, SPSS, and Matlab was used.
Based on the results in the probit testingfrom among different applications, "residential User" 0. 3496 "street network" 0. 3461 with percapita standard user compliance has. Also, according to the goodness of fit test results are most satisfactory from indicator of "residential User" 87. 7 and "cultural and religious User" 83. 763. And Based on the analysis of neural network index "Passages street network User» 0. 1023 and "residential User" 0. 1296 has improved over the other indices. Therefore, for run optimally plan Guide, and realization of its objectives, the issue of land area and the creation of a monitoring system for realization of different applications to be attention. Obviously, the participation of people in various stages of plan and increase organizational control and supervision over contracting companies in production stages and implementing the plan seems necessary.

although rainfall is regarded as divine blessing in most of the cases, if its volume, severity and form exceeds normal amount, then it is considered as a danger. Among the forms of rainfall, hail is the most dangerous one, however it hardly ever rains. The present research aims to analyze thermodynamically isometropia hail in Gorgan province in 12/ 10/ 2010 as a result of which not only agricultural areas, industrial areas, infrastructures and wildlife were damaged, but also 1500 residential units were demolished so that the insurance organization paid 485 million Tomans for the damage (a clerk working in the department of Accidents at the office of governor general of Golestan Proince).
Data and to conduct the survey climatic parameter data, satellite images and synoptic analyzed maps were obtained from Golestan meteorological office and both the raw data for providing isometropia maps of northern hemisphere in length ranges of 40-80 degrees west and 80 degrees east three days before hailing every 6 hours and the atmosphere data were gathered from the websites of NCEP/NCAR – NOAA, SCDC and the website of Wayoming university. Then by the help of Grads, Photoshop and Excel, maps and graphs were drawn and analyzed.
discussion and The system creating this shower as a result of the formation of a polar low pressure trough in 1000 hpa level or polar vortex in high levels and gradual deepening in later hours and days and then transferring into a short and powerful wave by earth movement and the fall of colder weather in higher altitudes to southern areas and intake from black, Mediterranean, Khazar sea and also thermal contrast with warm and humid weather of india ocean which has been brought by surface systems on the eastern north of Africa and south of black sea and east and south of Mediterranean sea formed a strong front and while passing the area under study the cold front quickly pushes southern warm and humid weather package to altitudes and forms a rather strong cumulonimbus cloud like an ocean one.