فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1391)

Geomorphic indices are useful for determining level of tectonic activity which is used for planning research to obtain detailed information about active tectonics. In this paper، in order to evaluate rate of tectonic activity، the drainage basin asymmetry index (AF)، stream length-gradient index (SL)، ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf)، transverse topographic system (T)، and drainage basin shape (Bs) were calculated. Goal of this research is to separate high activity areas to low activity. For calculating morphometric indices we utilize topographic map & satellite images in GIS & Global mapper. AF index of main basin is 17. 20 obtain which is indicating high tilting of this sub-catchment. It seems that folds and trusts parallel to the basin caused such tilting. The results show that the value of AF index in the west and east part of the basin is high. The highest value of SL index is related to the intersection of the conjugate faults and fractures which cut the stream. Computing of Vf for study area shows that almost valleys particular at the north of the basin are V shape and suggest a high rate of incision associated with tectonic uplift. Values of Vf index is high at the areas that SL index increased. High rate erosion of rock is، at the result of، different type of rock''s erosion and strike slip faulting. Results of this research show that study area is tectonically active.

Mashhad city, with 8main zones and 42 Informal settlements neighborhoods, according to 2006 census has population of 804000 in 6354 hectares. That order consists of 33% and 22% of the population and area this city. Health indicators in these areas have highly undesirable condition. For example, per capita indicator for hospital bed is 8040, for pharmacy is16090, for emergency service is 134079, and for the clinic is 73174. Due to a high extent and frequency neighborhoods, the program executive scheduling is essential to develop health services in these neighborhoods. Prioritize the Neighborhoods based on their need to health care is an important step in realizing this goal. In this study using space-based systems to support multi-criteria (MC-SDSS) and indices of population and distance to health care, this has been done. Advantage of this method is combining GIS and statistical techniques with together. The findings show that Golshahr, Shahrak Shahid Rajai and Baze Shikh neighborhoods have first priority to the health services are in Mashhad. So it is necessary to improve the health condition of these villages and to get short term point of views (providing comprehensive plan to develop health services in villages) and to get medium period (providing spaces like hospital and health centre).

City views and people’s lifestyle change with the invention of personal cars and their over and over production. After that, urban cities which were defined based on the humanity scale, the slow motion of pedestrian and also his understanding level, designed due to the vehicles scales, their speeds and understanding level from inside of the cars. Gradually, the existence of human as a major member of urban space was forgotten and his need to the peace and safety was ignored. Statistically, the high number of pedestrian’s death is the result of vehicle dominance on our urban areas. The research methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical. The required information has been gathered through the documentation and questionnaires. In this research we consider and compare formation and quality of paths and sidewalks in HaftHose and Moghaddam neighborhood in 17 municipality of Tehran. Evaluations show that pedestrian rights and appropriate paths designs in a stable area like Haft Hoze have been suitably considered by urban designers so that acceptable condition has been provided for pedestrian walking while breaking pedestrian rights still clearly observe in Moghadam neighborhood. This component seems to be a forgotten element in formation of sidewalks in the neighborhood. Moghadam neighborhood is intensely in need of walking as well as creational space for residents and the reason is existence of small size homes (fine textured applications), old and highly dense urban texture, utilization of non-standard construction materials in buildings, and green space shortage.[1].

However, nowadays cities and metropolitans of worlds archives the considerable progress with advance of technology and knowledge in different dimensions; but probability of vulnerability of them have been increased in recent decades as bombing, urban riots and terrorist activities with progresses simultaneously. Therefore, in recent years with new approaches of urban planning and design as passive defense; urban managers and planners have been trying to structure the somatogenic construct, planning of urban spaces and arrangement of different uses according to these new strategies of trends. Isfahan metropolitan is one of the most important cities of Iran which each year in special days (Qods day, 22th of bahman) in 8 march passes is the host of great gatherings of people and it seems that this passes subject to vulnerability and need to reorganization. Assessment of vulnerability rate of uses in 8 March passes and their spatial transmittance in GIS software indicate which 5, 6 and 8 passes are in critical situation and others have moderate vulnerability. The aim of researchers in this paper introduces the new march passes with little vulnerability and offers the management strategies to reduce crisis with SWOT models. It is necessary to mention that introduce of new march passes are not remote from crisis, but in this paper the little crises and vulnerability is regarded. CCTV cameras installed in the routes, cooperation between organization in planning, implementation and management of rallies, wide narrow street, scheduling time and enhancing crisis management organizations is the best strategy to reduce of crisis in march passes.

In the terms of exposure to environmental crises, Iran is first out of ten countries in the world. This study attempts to classify vulnerability of county villages according to establishing in the earthquake zone by select a seismic geographic axis in east of Iran (Qaenat and Zirkouh county), and afterward help relevant organizations to prioritize and implement activities to improve the resistance of rural residential structures. This study is based on exploratory - descriptive and methods of data collection are the library. First of all 1:250000 tectonic map of the region derived out, and after import to GIS environment, based on strike, length and fault distance to rural areas, zoning map of the region's vulnerability ratio made in three division: high, medium, and low danger zones, then defined the priorities which should be placed at the head of the relevant organs for retrofitting 357 rural points counties then check settlements status of each villages. In addition to the observed frequency range in the northern of study region earthquakes, earthquakes of highest intensity as it happened. Despite the major improvements in the villages in high-risk areas have been, but nonetheless the most common class of high-risk villages has also been upgraded with a 74.4 percent. Evaluation of villages of the loan of housing improvement receiving in Qaenat and Zirkouh counties shows that in terms of geographical distribution, mainly in the area of the city is a narrow strip in the middle. According to the result of this study, Afeen Village between two Zohan and Isfdn cities and Hashemiyeh town in western Part of Qaen will be the first priority. The second priority is a village located between Isfdn, Haji-Abad (particularly southern part) and Zohan cities, which make three corners of a triangle.

One of the most importantelementsofthe political (planning) iseffectson thestructure and function of rural settlements is construction projects, especially the construction of dams. Seimareh damis located on the river between the provinces of Lorestan and Ilam Seimareh, is one of the dams. These dams, strongly affect the Implementation area of the settlement system, due to its structural and functional characteristics. This study was done to explore the effects of Seimareh dams on the settlement system of the case study area and mapped of interventiongood vision in this system. Research method is descriptive-analytical and combination. Data collection method, is library - survey. Geographical case study is 14 villages of Zyrtang area. Samples number in a geographic case study includes 10 villages and 184 households. The selections of sample villages and households have been used the formula of Cochran. Sampling method was selected stratified& random techniques. Also, Analysis of data and information was used AHP and SOWT models. The studies have shown that construction Seymare dam in Zyrtang rural area, although its realization was inevitable from view point policy makers but policy intervention (assets buying) was inappropriate to order the settlement system to structural& functional characteristic’s.

Recognition of precipitation areas can define the potential of regional development in Golestan Province. For this aim, we used the precipitation data of 52 stations including synoptic, climatology, rain gauge and transpiration stations. The missing values were reconstructed by interpolation methods. The precipitation local variation was surveyed by isorain maps and variation coefficient. Province stations were grouped using cluster analysis and the significance of this groping was tested by One-Way ANOVA. Then the province was divided by Arc_GIS based on the obtained grouping. The results showed that the most rainy and driest season belonged to winter and summer, respectively. The results of cluster analysis on rainfall also showed that the Golestan province could be divided in to three precipitation regions: maximum in the mountainous region, average in the mountainside region and minimum in the plain region as adapted with Golestan topography map. The significance of this classification was certified by One-Way ANOVA with the confidence level of 95%. Spatial distribution of rainfall in Golestan Province showed that the highest rainfall in the area was devoted to the Foothills area in three seasons of spring, autumn and winter. Most precipitation in the plain region was in the summer, indicating that Golestan, summer rainfall had local sources. In three rainy seasons of winter, autumn and spring, the highest amount of rainfall was in the mountainous region. This stressed that the nature of the rainfall in the north of the country has not changed in Golestan Province. The highest rainfall in winter (47.7 mm) was related to Foothills Precipitation type that included 17 percent of the province's total area.