فهرست مطالب

Nanomedicine Journal - Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Nanomedicine Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Mahya Rahmani, Sepideh Arbabi Bidgoli, Seyed Mahdi Rezayat Pages 61-70
    Conventional transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have been designed for drug delivery through the skin. These systems use the permeability property of stratum corneum, the outermost surface layer of the skin. Applying polymeric micro and nanofibers in drug delivery has recently attracted great attention and the electrospinning technique is the preferred method for polymeric micro-nanofibers fabrication with a great potential for drug delivery. More studies in the field of nanofibers containing drug are divided two categories: first, preparation and characterization of nanofibers containing drug and second, investigation of their therapeutic applications. Drugs used in electrospun nanofibers can be categorized into three main groups, including antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory agents and vitamins with therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the application of electrospun polymeric scaffolds in TDDS and also introduce several pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents which have been used in polymer nanofibrous patches.
    Keywords: Drug Delivery, Electrospinning, Nanofiber, Polymeric Scaffold, Transdermal
  • Mansure Hojatizade, Ali Badiee, Ali Khamesipour, Abbas Mirshafiey, Javad Akhtari, Ahmad Mehravaran, Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh, Azam Abbasi, Zahra Saberi, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari Pages 71-82
    Objective(s)
    Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease that represents a major public health problem. Despite numerous attempts over the past decades, yet there is no effective vaccine against human leishmaniasis probably due to the lack of suitable adjuvants. In this study, a first generation liposomal-based Leishmania vaccine was developed using soluble Leishmania major antigens (SLA) and á, Ü-trehalose6, 6'-dibehenat (TDB) as an immunostimulatory adjuvant. In this liposome structure, the cationic lipid Dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) provides intrinsic adjuvant activity and cholesterol was added as a membrane stabilizer. Liposomes containing SLA were prepared.
    Materials And Methods
    BALB/c mice were subcutaneously (sc) immunized with Lip (DDA/TDB/CHOL)-SLA, Lip (DDA/TDB)-SLA, Lip (DDA)-SLA, Lip (DDA/CHOL)-SLA, SLA or Tris-HCl buffer. Immunization was done every two weeks for three weeks. The immunized mice were then challenged sc in the left footpad with 1×106 stationary phase L. major promastigotes (50 ìl), at 2 weeks after last booster injection.
    Results
    mice immunized with any of the liposomal formulations containing SLA (Lip-SLA), substantially increased footpad swelling and parasite loads of foot and spleen with no significant difference compared to Tris-HCl buffer or SLA alone. Lip-SLA formulations induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response characterized by IFN-ã and IL-4 production as well as high levels of IgG1 anti-Leishmania antibody.
    Conclusion
    immunization with liposomes containing DDA and/or TDB in combination with SLA induces a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response and is not an appropriate strategy for preferential induction of a Th1 response and protection against leishmaniasis.
    Keywords: DDA, Liposome, Leishmaniasis, TDB, SLA, Vaccine
  • Babak Zolfagharnia, Elaheh Mortazavian, Davood Kaviani, Morteza Rafiee Tehrani Pages 83-88
    Objective(s)
    The purpose of this study is about the preparation and evaluation of nanoparticles composed of thiolated methylated pyridinyl chitosan (TMPC) which are made P.E.C method, for bucal drug delivery of insulin.
    Materials And Methods
    First of all have to synthesize methylated pyridinyl chitosan and then for (TMPC) L-cysteine should be attached to methylated pyridinyl chitosan by the formation amid bounds. After of synthesis the (TMPC) nanoparticles were made and insulin loaded on them. The percentage of entrapment efficiency which was calculated for a nanoparticle which loaded by insulin is about to 91.6%.
    Results
    The release of insulin from nanoparticles was studied in vitro in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 6.8. After 240 minutes 71.3% of insulin released from (TMPC) and after 360 minutes 72.9% of insulin was released. By considering the specifications of nanoparticles which leads us to this result that the Zeta potential is 28.3 mv, poly dispersity index (pdi) is 0.33 and the size of the particles is about to 268 nm.
    Conclusion
    this study suggests that thiolated methylated pyridinyl chitosan can act as a potential enhancer for bucal delivery of insulin.
    Keywords: Bucal, Chitosan, Nanoparticles, Pyridinyl, Thiolated
  • Mobin Haghdel, Reza Kamali, Ali Haghdel, Zahra Mansoori Pages 89-97
    Objective(s)
    One applications of nanotechnology is in the area of medicine which is called nanomedicine. Primary instruments in nanomedicine can help us to detect diseases and used for drug delivery to inaccessible areas of human tissues. An important issue in simulating the motion of nanoparticles is modeling blood flow as a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. Sometimes blood flow is simulated as a Newtonian fluid but actually blood has nature of non-Newtonian fluid. Simulation of targeted drug delivery and motion of nanoparticles in the blood flow as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flow is investigated in this paper
    Materials And Methods
    In this paper, the blood flow is modeled as both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid and the effects of each case on the motion of nanoparticles in blood flow and targeted drug delivery is investigated. The flow is modeled with finite volume method. The particle modeled with discrete phase model.
    Results
    Cross, Herschel-Bulkley and Power-law models are used for simulating the non-Newtonian blood flow. Numerical simulations show that trajectory of nanoparticle’s movement and the required time to pass the vessel by blood flow is variable for different models. According to obtained results, non-Newtonian Power-law and Herschel-Bulkley models have closely similar results but they have significant differences compared with Newtonian model.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, it is preferred in the simulation to model blood flow as a non-Newtonian fluid and uses one of Herschel- Bulkley or Power-law models. Otherwise the simulation is far different from real phenomena.
    Keywords: Blood flow, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Nanomedicine, Non, Newtonian fluid, targeted drug delivery
  • Fatemeh Nakhjiri, Mahboubeh Mirhosseini, Malihe Alsadat Mozaheb Pages 98-106
    Objective(s)
    Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are not only specific physical and chemical properties but also are considered for their antibacterial activity and ecofriendly.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study a simple, cost effective biologically method for Ag귧湲⧠ to Ag NPs using Echinops extractas a stabilizer, and reducing agent.Ag NPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrometry,TEM, XRD and FTIR. The role of Echinops concentration, silver nitrate concentration, pHand reaction time on the synthesis of nanoparticles were studied. Antibacterial activity of the Ag NPs werecarried out by disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Alsothe amount of MBC and MIC for AgNPs against bacteria wereinvestigated.
    Results
    The AgNPs formation were observed as a color change of the mixture from colorless to dark-brownish. The UV-Vis spectroscopy absorbance peak at 420 nm confirmed the presence of Ag NPs. TEM analysis, showed Ag NPs were spherical, triangle and bar particles in shape with size range within 1.32-36.41 nm. XRD study showed particles were crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis detected that Ag NPsare functionalized with biomolecules that are present in the aqueous Echinops extractact as the reducing agents and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The results showed that the time of reaction, temperature, pH, Echinops extract concentration and AgNO3concentration could accelerate the formation of AgNPs.
    Conclusion
    In this study, synthesized Ag NPs havethe efficient antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Ag NPs havean importantfunction in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Echinops extract, Green synthesis, Silver nanoparticle
  • Raheleh Faridi Majidi, Nader Nezafati, Mohammad Pazouki, Saeed Hesaraki Pages 107-114
    Objective(s)
    Three-dimensional structures such as nanofibrous scaffolds are being used in biomedical engineering as well as provide a site for cells to attach and proliferate leading to tissue formation. In the present study, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/ poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) hybrid nanofibrous scaffold was synthesized by electrospinning.
    Materials And Methods
    The effect of adding nano hydroxyapatite (n-HA) and also Epoxypropoxy-propyl-trimethoxysilane (EPPTMS) as a crosslinking agent on morphology and cell behaviour of the nanofibers was investigated.
    Results
    Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that all kinds of nanofibers represented uniform and well-ordered morphologies without formation of any beads by controlling the synthesis parameters. The average ûber diameter of PVP-PVA was 260 nm. n-HA was synthesized by wet chemical process. The synthesized n-HA was characterized by XRD for structural analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that HA particles had nanosized dimensions (in the range of 40-100 nm). The presence of n-HA within electrospun PVP-PVA nanofibers was confirmed by XRD and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The average ûber diameter was decreased to 136 nm when n-HA was added in the composition of PVP-PVA. FTIR analysis depicted that PVP-PVA nanofibers were linked to EPPTMS as a biocompatible material by the covalent bond. Although adding n-HA caused to decrease the diameter of PVP-PVA nanofibers, addition of EPPTMS within PVP/PVA/n-HA nanofibers induced increasing distribution of fiber diameter as it enhanced to 195nm. In addition, the proper proliferation of G292 osteoblastic cells without any cytotoxicity was observed for the nanofiber.
    Conclusion
    Since these materials have been known as biomaterials, PVP/PVA/n-HA-EPPTMS nanofibers can be propounded as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering application.
    Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Electrospinning, G292 cell proliferation, Nano hydroxyapatite, Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Poly(vinyl alcohol), Silane agent
  • Elnaz Shaabani, Seyed Mohammad Amini, Sharmin Kharrazi, Roksana Tajerian Pages 115-125
    Objective(s)
    Biological applications of gold nanoparticles have limitations because of the toxic chemicals used in their synthesis. Curcumin can be used as reducing as well as capping agent in synthesis of GNPs to eliminate the cytotoxicity. Conjugation of curcumin to gold also helps in increasing its solubility and bioavailability.
    Materials And Methods
    Here we report synthesis of gold nanoparticles coated with citrate and curcumin and of two different sizes via chemical routes. UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Transmission Electron Microscopy were applied to study the average particle size, size stability of the samples and zeta potential. Fourier transform infrared, Raman Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy were applied for detection of curcumin on the surface of GNPs. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH assay and Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay.
    Results
    Particles were synthesized of 6 and 16 nm size. The average particle size was found to be 21.7 ± 5.7 by TEM. The zeta potential on the surface of Cur-GNPs was negative and larger than 25 mV which is a sign of their high stability. The stability of these particles (with different coatings but with similar sizes) at different time intervals (up to 3 months) and also in different media like cell culture medium, different buffers, glucose and at different pH conditions have been investigated thoroughly. Appearance of functional groups assigned to curcumin in FTIR and SERS spectra are sign of presence of curcumin in the sample. The quenching of the fluorescence in the presence of GNPs reveals the clear indication of the capping and binding of curcumin with GNPs. Cur-GNP1 (16 nm) were found to exhibit highest antioxidant activity than other gold nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assay on L929 cell line proved curcumin coated gold nanoparticles were non-toxic up to 40 ppm.
    Conclusion
    The results revealed that larger curcumin coated gold nanoparticles were stable and also non-toxic and were found suitable for further in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
    Keywords: Anti, oxidant activity, Curcumin, Gold nanoparticles, Green synthesis