نشریه بصیرت و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1390)

Chief among the educative methods of “Holy Quran” and “Nahj-ul-Balagha” is taking lessons. The method relies on taking lessons from life accidents and changes, historical developments, individuals’ life and death; destiny of vigorous and oppressive people and things of this sort. Taking lessons is a state of mind which emerges due to facing apparent and visible affairs, which leads to having access to inner and invisible cognition. Self-esteem, lawfulness and criterion-orientation of human beings’ activities, being prudent, human beings’ thoughtfulness and impressionability form the principles and tenets of the method. In other words, due to interaction among the above-mentioned characteristics, taking lesson is formed. Having access to conception, benefiting from others’ experience, avoiding error and sin, deeper cognition of oneness and resurrection day and finally optimized utilization of the rest of life is among the educative consequences of lesson taking. The present piece of writing reviews lesson taking morphology, educative consequences of lesson taking, lesson taking related issues, and the realm of application of the method, as well.

Training activities are among basic and fundamental activities which have undeniable impact on human beings’ individual and collective life. The above-mentioned activities and selection of every training method is based on some certain principles, which should be determined beforehand. In the present piece of writing, after reviewing some parts of the definitions and discussions raised by experts, training principles are described as fundamentals which function like general instruction for all steps and its dominant methods. In case the instructions are not observed, training can not achieve its ultimate goal. Having defined training principles and offering other relevant issues, it came out that the principles have two statuses: ordinal and discovery based. The philosophy behind their categorization is that in order to discover ideas, two sources are utilized: Holy Quran and tradition. In continuation, some training recommendations are made to make human being’s behavior efficient.

Religious training is formed when a religious issue is properly conveyed from instructors to their target groups. The present article, while offering definitions for “mankind communications”, “social communications” and “religious training” reviews ways of communicating with target groups from Islam’s viewpoint. Whereas, mass media plays an undeniable role in the methods, cognition of facilities of traditional and modern media is of high importance. In the current circumstances, wherein a huge volume of information and either processed or raw data is in circulation, and information community is described on this basis; conveyance of religious messages, especially the messages dealing with religious training become of higher importance. The basic question raised in the article based on the above-mentioned issues is “How will be the methods of communication in a community based on information to be utilized in religious training?” The answer is that, from Islam viewpoint there are various ways to communicate with individuals. The methods include debate, delivering lectures, performing sermons, letters, teaching, stories, prayers, recitation of verses from Holy Quran, which may be explained in two frameworks: human communication and collective communication. Therefore, some recommendations are offered for communicating with addresses.

Chief among the missions of divine prophets and their innocent apostles is introducing factors and impediments ahead of training. The present article merely concentrates on the most important ones. The aforesaid impediments are mainly divided into two groups: external and internal impediments. The external impediments include factors such as environment, heredity and economic issues; while the internal ones include pride, anger and insult. Training has various structures such as rational, social, political, emotional, and moral trainings, etc. However, the present article, while concentrating on valid traditions of the prophet’s innocent apostles, just refers to impediments ahead of moral trainings. Therefore, due to the huge volume of traditions quoted, the intention has been selecting some of them, with respect to the need of the addressees.

Propaganda is one of the most important tools to achieve political, economic, cultural and social targets. In the Holy “Sharia” of Islam, special attention is paid to proselytizing for religion. In addition, Holy Quran has referred to terminologies such as propaganda, watchfulness, guidance, annunciation, direction, persuading people to do good things, encouraging people not to get involved in prohibited actions, advice, messenger, prophet, warning, news, recommendation, sermon, wisdom, etc to express the issue. Existence of a firm, organized and efficient system for proselytizing for religion has been of high importance all over the history of Islam. Holy Quran has stressed the issue, and religions scientists active in religious schools have paid special attention to it. While defining the topic and expressing the relationship between propaganda and communication, the present article has referred to constituents of propaganda and models of convincing individuals. In addition, the article has briefly reviewed the status of propaganda in Islam and Holy Quran. Afterwards, throughout the article, while referring to some verses of Holy Quran, various methods of religious propaganda presented through using 24 topics.

Either organizations or the structures dominating them are locations where personnel spend one third of their shelf life, and the issue provides the managers and decision-makers of organizations with a unique opportunity to make plentiful efforts to materialize training objectives and consequently pave the road for organizational growth and improvement, and mental elevation of their personnel. This important issue is not possible unless challenges and impediments ahead of training issues in organizations are identified and proper and desirable ground is provided for revelation of moral and notional habits in the framework of revelatory and divine lessons. Therefore, precise identification of the deleterious factors in organizations is the important and fatal duty of the officials of organizations, and they should not ignore those duties. Of course, the issue of training in organizations does not merely belong to a certain department or division, but educational messages andlessons flow inside vessels of organizations like oxygen. Undoubtedly, the issue of training NAJA personnel proportionate with the extent of organization, importance of the existence of organization, variety and nature of missions, penetration range and effectiveness of activities on addressees, atypical operational atmosphere, the organization’s various addressees becomes more important than ever. The present article, while explaining and reviewing the organizational deleterious factors in religious trainings of NAJA personnel deals with the following: weakness of training strategy in the organization, weakness of justice, weakness of encouragement and punishment system in the organization, weakness of organizational culture and weakness of rules and regulations and the deleterious nature of NAJA missions. Finally, the article provides some effective recommendations and solutions for the above-mentioned problems.

Mankind is in constant interaction with his surrounding environment. Hence, proper materialization of training objectives is not possible, unless social training in line with developments of the society is concentrated on. Therefore, while stressing social training, Islam believes that the best way to train mankind is concentration on tradition and revelation, because they are all based on cognition of all its needs. “Sahifeh Sajadiyeh” is among the required sources for this purpose. Being a tool for caressing with God, “Sahifeh Sajadiyeh” is a mine of Islamic sciences, wherein various ideological, cultural, social, political and training contexts, and some canonical warrants, and natural laws are dealt with in the framework of prayer. Chief among the social training principles emphasized on in the valuable document, is kindness moral principle which originates from “Sharia” and religion. God’s kindness toward mankind is mainly based on inspiring him with appreciation to worship God, describe nobility, weaknesses and capacities, negligence and other mankind emotions. The present article aims at dealing with the concept of social training while extracting some of its principles hidden in plainsongs and finally explaining them in simple sentences. In this way, the article reminds the officials of NAJA about the issues they themselves are aware of, while the issues are stressed. It is hoped that the article could help NAJA personnel materialize their organizational objectives.