نشریه پژوهش های ایرانشناسی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

The present essay, entitled ‘Swayamwara: A Marital Custom of the Indo-European Warrior Class’, examines some Indian, Iranian, and Greek literary texts, while outlining a supposed custom of the warrior class in the above-mentioned cultures. The custom is referred to in classical Sanskrit texts as ‘swayamwara’, which means ‘self-choice’. One of the two forms of the custom, which in the present essay will be called Form B (or ‘swayamwara by free will’), comprises a free-will choice by a princess or a warrior-class girl of her husband from among a gathering of noble suitors assembled for this very purpose. There are both explicit and implicit hints in the examined texts that the custom was that of the warrior class while there is, as well, evidence to the contrary. I have tried to reconcile these apparent contradictions.

The Sanskrit epistle of Kauṭīlya's Arthaśāstra dates back to circa 3rd century B.C.; that is composed on rules of kingship and statecraft in India. The subject of this epistle is near to Sīyāsatnāme (Seyarolmoluk) of Khawaja Nezam al-Mulk Tussi, the well-known prime minister of Seljuk. He was the founder of military schools in Iran. The book of Arthaśāstra has not been translated into Persian and basically there is no traces of such Indian treatises in Persian literature and Iranian history. The aim of this article is to introduce this epistle to Persian readers and to compare some of the chapter of it, with Siyāsatnāme in terms of the subject and to clear the similarities and differences between them. In this way, it can characterize the differences of prevalent political thoughts in Iran and India at that time. The Author hopes that bring forward the degree of achievement of two writers in expressing purpose and usage of recommendation in statecraft.

The main aims of this study is the characterization, introduce and typology survey the Rocky Architecture in Skirts of Sahand Volcano from the East Azerbaijan province NW Iran. For this purpose, according to fieldwork investigation and documentary Studies include: to describe the current situation for recognizing interaction of rocky architecture in the skirts of Sahand volcano. The results of the survey were recorded and collect the data from 113 rocky architectures around the Sahand Mountain on the border of the townships of East Azerbaijan province include: Tabriz, Azarshahr, Ajabshir, Bonab, Hashtrod, and Bostonabad. According to the existing archeological theory, Sahand rocky architectures were residential from the first millennium BC till now; and in the morphological point of view, it is separable from surface architecture, underground architecture and combination type of the two previous species. In general, the obtained results demonstrate that Sahand rocky architectures can divided to five categories from application typology include: 1) residential and settlement architectures, 2), Public architectures, 3) Religious and ritual architecture 4) Military architecture and 5) Other applications, Nowadays, such reasons like changing the life styles and decay process cause of poor living conditions, ruination, and seasonal residence or reusing in most rocky architectures in this area have been.

In ancient era of Iran, “Fire” was regarded as one of the main elements of mankind life which had high value and was always revered. After accepting of Islam by Iranians, revering fire as a scared matter was flawed after gradual changing in Zoroastrian religion. In spite of this fact, in some regions of Iran (especially in southern Iran) reverence and sanctity of fire was maintained. Blazing of fire in day and night had its respective ritual. By falling down, all of people should burned their heath and anyone could not convey fire from their home to the other. By the others reprimandedanyone who did not burn its hearth and they called him as extinguished hearth so-called“OjaqKur”. Ashes also was useful, sanctity and respectable. Spilling of water in burned fire wasscolded and forbidden. Occasionally when someone spurred water inadvertently or deliberately in fire, women by avowing or citing name of God tried to drive away disasters. However, the enterprise showed which has occurred apernicious and abnormal treatment.Oath to hearth was a prevalent and valuable action. Naming of children by titles of “ Azar” , “Atash”, “Atashin” and “Atashu” was prevalent among some tribes. In social system of nomads and traditional structure some of tribes, title of “Tash” regarded as an introducer of them. Finding of the essay shows hearth and its sanctity had a currency in all ceremonies of nomads which included many aspects of socio-economic, cultural and religious matters.

The beginning of studies on Sasanian numismatics goes back to the 18th century. Since then Sasanian numismatics has experienced different periods and schools and remarkably advanced by new approaches and methods. Today, many questions of Sasanian history and archaeology find numismatic answers. The present paper is arranged in three general parts, which, respectively, provide an introduction to the history of Sasanian numismatics from the 18th century up to now, major collections of Sasanian coins in the world, and new methodological bases and approaches of modern studies on Sasanian numismatics.

Following the Constitutional revolution of Iran Persian journalism entered a flourishing period. This paper aims to survey a less-studied Persian newspaper, namely Sorûsh, within a historical framework. Sorûsh was published during a critical period of Iran’s history and we might consider it as a useful source for current ideas of this time. This study which is based mainly on the analytical survey of the articles of Sorûsh, shows that its writers enjoy a distinguished position among the contemporary Iranian thinkers. It seems that Sorûsh ushered in a discursive change in the political culture of this period which was appeared more clearly in a later time trough some modernist periodicals such as Kaveh, Ayandeh and Iranshahr.

Changes in technology and lifestyle in today's society ,Caused Some of the objects dont have their Last application; But always valued and respected as cultural products and preserved the Cultural potential like the originality and identity in its historical context.One of them is Bakhtiari’s Veris That According to the changes of Bakhtiari nomads lifestyle, it does not have application but it Was important In terms of aesthetic and associated with the socio-cultural dimensions of nomadic community. Therefore, is necessary that its study in order to open the hidden layers of our culture and Create the groundwork for new use.Because of has not been written investigation about Bakhtiari’s Veris, The aim of this study is to identifying, documenting and defining features of this art among Bakhtiari nomads.The real question is: what is the feature of Bakhtiari’s Veris weaving in terms of methodology, aesthetics and functionality? The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical of depth anthropology type, and data were collected using documents and field survey. The research results show that in such topics on the first level, documenting and the second level, thinking about functions, is important; so the anthropological approach to understand nomads art is able to find a special type of relationship with environment and Document the Veris as a cultural and Practical product according to nomads needs, with Card weaving techniques and whit human, animal and geometric stylized figures and generally with black and white, blue, yellow and red color.