فصلنامه دانش مالی تحلیل اوراق بهادار
سال دهم شماره 35 (پاییز 1396)

Liquidity is a multidimensional concept. In this essay we studied the behavior of liquidity in the asset pricing model of Tehran Stock Exchange on the basis of multi measures related to multi dimensions of liquidity concept. The traded value measurement is used as a proxy for the value dimension, turnover ratio is used as a proxy for speed dimension and Amihud measure is used as a proxy for cost and price impact dimension. The time period is from 2011 up to 2016 and the data is calculated for 60 months. The result is that four factor model on the basis of each liquidity measure improves the style portfolios (size style, value style and liquidity style) as well as stock level. The improvement level is higher for the illiquid style portfolios. Among 201 studied stocks, the augmented model improves asset pricing model explanation of 50 stocks. Level of liquidity beta depends on the measurement used.

Today One of the cases where in efficiency businesses including banks can be analyzed, discussed their size and scale of production, so as to check the size and scale 20 state and private banks were selected .The study period is 85-92 years. And data used are unbalanced panel .Then translog stochastic frontier production function was estimated
.and scale efficiency changes was calculated .The key point extraction tools combined index for electronic components and using it as an input in the production function is a composite index. The results show that big government (Melli,Sepah,Keshvarzi,Maskan) to a large extent the technologically optimal production scale(most productive scale) away.Because of their scale efficiency changes,large and negative.On the other hand the big private banks (pasargad,parsian,eghtesadenovi)have been quite in technologically optimal production scale,In fact, their scale efficiency change is the lowest amount. Small government banks (postbank,Toseeh Taavon,sanat va maadan) similar large goverment banks are far from most productive scale ,with the exception of the bank Toseah saderat of a good situation.small private banks (Sina,Sarmayeh,Saman,Day) as well as major private banks are the most productive technical scale Excluding Bank Day, which is partly attributed to most productive scale away.

In this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs simultaneously; provide measure of efficiency and deals with negative inputs and outputs. Thus in this paper, RAM model is used as a basis for presenting relative consolidated index of liquidity. The next step, units with relative consolidated index equal to one is ranked, based on the full-inefficient frontier ranking method. Results support the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis application for measuring liquidity relative consolidated. Using this method, the stock liquidity consolidated index allocated to each of the companies listed on the, presents different aspects of stock liquidity for stocks in stock exchange, in a way that liquidity of stocks can be compared with each other easily and liquidity of a specific stock can be surveyed during time prides.

In this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs simultaneously; provide measure of efficiency and deals with negative inputs and outputs. Thus in this paper, RAM model is used as a basis for presenting relative consolidated index of liquidity. The next step, units with relative consolidated index equal to one is ranked, based on the full-inefficient frontier ranking method. Results support the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis application for measuring liquidity relative consolidated. Using this method, the stock liquidity consolidated index allocated to each of the companies listed on the, presents different aspects of stock liquidity for stocks in stock exchange, in a way that liquidity of stocks can be compared with each other easily and liquidity of a specific stock can be surveyed during time prides.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the profitability of new momentum strategy based on timing of a stock’s 52-week high price and compare it with the known strategy of "52 week high price". The sample of this study composed of stocks of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from Farvardin 1381 until the end of Esfand 1392. To test the profitability of these two strategies, we use portfolio level analyses and Fama – Macbeth Cross sectional regressions (1973) in throughput. The results of this study confirmed the profitability strategy "The timing of 52-week high price" while winner portfolio based on"52 week high price " strategy could not yield higher returns in compare with looser one,therefore the profitability of "52 week high price "strategy is not approved. Our findings indicate that "the timing of 52-week high price" is able to predict changes in cross-sectional returns, but the point about the "52-week high price" does not apply. The results show that the interaction of these two strategies improve predictive power for stock returns.

The stock market as the main backrest of the capital market activities has a determining role in achieving continual and stable economic growth of countries. Economists believe that in countries which are rich in natural resources, focusing on the governance indicator to manage the foreign exchange earnings from exporting the natural resources in a better way, has a significant impact on the development of the stock market. In fact, right and scientific management of natural resources which are obtained from the result beat of each of the governance indicators on the abundance of natural resources, navigates the given resources to the high value-added activities in the section of the stock market and by effecting the stock properties, it will motivate investors to buy and sell in the stock market and it also will increase and improve the value of trades on gross domestic product as the stock market development indicator. Therefore, the present study sought to examine the impact of the natural resource management on the development of stock market of Selected countries with abound natural resources during 2008-2013 byusing theGeneralized Method of Moments(GMM). The results of the study shows that the variables of natural resource management, total efficiency, productivity of the factors of production, the real exchange rate and the size of the government has a significant positive impact on the development of the stock market. As well, the results of the estimates represent a significant and negative impact of the liquidity ratio variableto the gross domestic product developmentof the stock market.

Nowadays the economy of developed countries work based on small and medium enterprises and knowledge-base industries. Researchers experimental findings indicate financing of small and medium enterprises and start-ups with innovative activities have heterogeneity and special characteristics to start a business. This heterogeneity and special characteristics of start-ups confront essential problems in financing for them.
Hence, for solving this problem, usage and continuity of venture capital process is necessary in order to encouragement and financing of innovative activities. Beside, in this process, venture capital firms in confrontation by pillar of financial markets need to conformity with the market regulations and policies. On the other hand venture capital firms in face of entrepreneurs and innovators confront challenges by how and state of ventures selection based on recognition and assessment of their risks for success or fail prediction of investments. The purpose of this research is response to this investors
challenges that lead investors to make superior evaluation and decision making in their start-ups investments through identification of the effective criteria on venture capital investments and their risk assessment for making trade-offs between them through multi criteria decision making method by usage of data mining and artificial intelligence.

Behavioral bubble models generally assume that individual investors as uninformed and irrational participants are trend chasers who can generate the bubble. On the contrary, institutional investors as informed group behave against the trend adopting a contrarian strategy. In order to test the above mentioned assumption, the present study considers behavioral models of the two groups of individual and institutional investors of 202 non-financial corporations in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years of 1391 to 1394 using a Vector Auto-regressive model on a daily basis. The results confirm the assumption which mentioned that Individual investors are the agent of bubbles and institutional investors adopt contrarian strategy and trade against the trend. However, investigation of trades during the uptrend and downtrend of Tehran Stock Exchange suggests the stability of the behavioral pattern of both groups, so that the individual investors often underlie the bubble formation in the stock of small sized corporations.

In this study, the prediction of stock price of some manufactors listed in Tehran stock market and some others, using firefly algorithm has be done.In this study firstly, we used 16 variables for a period of 3 years (1388-1392) to educating the algorithm and after that , we used educated algorithm to predict the stock price of manufactors with 12 variables. the relative fault was calculated for stock prices for before and after prediction. the average of This fault isless than %6 and the result is that the stock price prediction using fire fly algorithm is achievable and possible.