نشریه بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Since the shape and size of red blood cells are very impotant in physiological aspects of animals siences, specially in respirations and nutrient transportation, this study was conducted to survay the changes in shape and size of red blood cell (abnormalities) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and their triploid hybrids (Oncorhynchus mykiss ♀× Salmo trutta caspius ♂). Triploidy was induced in eggs using 10-min heat shock at 28ºC following 10-min post fertilization. The accuracy of ploidy induction was determined by comparison the cell size. The results from comparison of rainbow trout, caspian trout and their triploid hybrids showed that in all aspects of red blood cells such as large and small axes of nucleus and cell, axis of nucleus and cell, volume and area of nucleus except volume of cell, there is not significant differences between rainbow trout and caspian trout (p>0.05) but triploidy leads to a significant increase in all mentioned chrachters in triploid hybrids relative to caspian trout and rainbow trout (p<0.05). The morphological abnormalities in the red triploid cells were noticeably higher than diploids. The most abundant types of abnormalities include poikilocytosis, macrocytosis, and incomplete cytoplasmic cells. Triploid hybrids have many alterations of hematological factors that these alterations may affect stress responses, immunology, health conditions, growth, and survival triploid.

Increasing exploitation of aquatic resources for optimal use of fisheries wastes like fish’s skin and production of by-products of its, has appropriated various activities to itself that can refer to supplying the leather from aquatics’ skin. In this research the effect of using Spirulina and Mimosa extracts on the process of leather production from Acipenser baerii’s skin was studied. Treatments included treatment A (tanning with methanolic extract of Spirulina), treatment B (tanning with watery extract of Spirulina) and treatment C (tanning with Mimosa).The experiments to investigate the quality of produced leather included tensile strength, stitching strength, abrasion stability, color stability,thermal resistance and adhesion stability. In treatment A, the skin became worn out after tanning process and by performing thermal test, the appearance of the skin wrinkled and had visible changes that indicated the lack of tanning power of the algae’s methanolic extract. In treatment B, due to the absence of the decay in appearance after tanning process, the sample was tasted under the thermal resistance test for more investigation of tanning power of the extract, which like the skin A, the appearance of the skin completely changed, and tissue shrinkage occurred in the heat. The best quality was observed in treatment C. Due to the great tanning power of Mimosa the skin got out of normal state and turned into leather. This treatment was first subjected to thermal test in order to ensure complete tanning and then the mentioned experiments were carried out to check the quality of produced leather.

Sampling of Ruppia maritima were done from Caspian Sea coast and channel of Gomishan shrimp culture site in Golestan province in summer 2016. Identification of Species performed by Internal References and Confirmation of Scientific name done in Relation to Foreign Experts. Distribution of this species is very extensive in tropical and semi tropical area of brakish waters, marine waters in Sea and Oceans. The density of this species usually is very abundant in Caspian Sea coasts as well. This Species belonged to Kingdom of Plantae, Phylum of Tracheophyta, Class of Angiosperm, Order of Najadales, Family of Ruppiaceae, Genus of Ruppia and species of maritima. This species grow on mudy and mudy-sandy substrates with rhizoeid. Although this species is part of important primery producers in sea, this from the point of view of commercial isnot importance. it is appropriate sheltered and nurcery area for important and commercial aquatic in zone. As a result, it importanced from the point of view of ecological. whereas, this species may be disturbed in shrimp culture ponds and also little studies have performed in this case, therefore, in this reaserch have tried in addition to introducing this species, prevent ways of extension of that be mentioned in zone.

In this research, the effect of peribiotic supplementation of raffinose on the growth performance of Mucus immuno component in Cyprinus carpio was investigated. In this experiment, carps (weighted average 10 grams) were fed diets containing various levels of raffinose peribiotic including zero (control), 1, 2 and 4 g / kg for 8 weeks. Each treatment was submerged in 3 replicates. At the end of the experiment, mucus sampling and growth parameters were measured. The results of the study showed that total mucus immunoglobulin content in treated fish with raffinose was significantly higher than control group (P <0.05) and the highest amount was recorded in 4 g treatments. Lysozyme activity increased in probiotic treatments compared with control group, however, there was no significant difference (P <0.05). In addition, growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, specific growth factor), Food conversion ratio and survival percentage were not significantly different in the treated groups compared to the control group (P <0.05).

The aim of this study was to compare immune responses of rainbow trout in saltwater earthen ponds in Gomishan shrimp culture sites and freshwater fiberglass tanks. To this, 10000 fish were distributed in a three-ha earthen pond and 150 fish in three fiberglass tanks (2000L). Blood samples were taken after 3 months. There was no significant difference in water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH between the pond and tanks (P>0.05); however, water salinity and ammonia was higher in the pond compared to the tanks (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum albumin between the treatments (P>0.05); however, fish in the pond had significantly lower serum protein, globulin, lysozyme, complement and total immunoglobulin compared to the fish reared in the tanks (P<0.05). The results show that the fish in the earthen pond had weaker immune responses compared to those reared in freshwater, which might be due to increase in water salinity and ammonia.

Recognition and review of sources of surface water is very important, specially about rivers and stream, in order to apply optimized management. About this research, sampling was performed seasonally by surber sampler with 3 replications in 4 stations farm before and after of fish breeding farm. In the laboratory, clustered bands were examined qualitatively and quantitatively in the genus or species. The results of the study showed the presence of 11 categories or macrobenthic orders belonging to 19 families. The most impact of was on the Ephemeropterta, Terichoptera and Plecoptera and has reduced population growth at the station 3 (outlet). On contrary, the population of the Chironomidae family, which is a kind of benthos invertebrates resistant to population, has increased in the output station. In the further research process and with the getting away from farm, resistant to population species was reduced.

The present study was carried out in Roein River of Esfarain, North of Khorasan Province, to investigate the effect of salmon farm wastewater on water quality indices. Sampling in two warm and cold seasons from July 2016 to March 2017 was carried out by measuring some of the physicochemical parameters of water including temperature, pH, EC, BOD, TDS, NO3, PO4 and NH4 as well as total microbial load. According to the results of this study, the parameters NH4, BOD, PO4 and microbial load after reaching their maximum level after the second station, had a decreasing trend, which according to the expected chart, with increasing distance from the fourth station They will reach their initial value. NO3 and PH were similar to the same, with the difference that their maximum value was at the second station, and then fell to their initial value. In other words, the river has a positive impact on the reduction of the above-mentioned physicochemical factors. The TDS and the EC, though the process of modifying it was incremental, it did not seem to be a limiting factor by looking at their changes in their magnitude, even at a distance from the fourth station. Temperature was the only factor that its changes did not correlate with the river and it was 100% dependent on the temperature of the environment, which increased in summer and decreased in the winter, and based on the results, it was found that the decrease in temperature was greater than its increase and the increase in the distance from the farm has had a negative impact on it.