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Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care - Volume:6 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Vajihe Biniaz, Hossein Karimi Moonaghi *, Razieh Froutan, Abbass Ebadi Page 1
    Long-term prognosis of chronic hemodialysis patients is affected by dialysis adequacy; thus, evaluation of dialysis adequacy plays a key role in assessment of healthcare system in all countries. Currently, urea reduction ratio (URR) and Kt/V are applied to evaluate dialysis adequacy; however, due to the inconsistency between their results and patient outcome, their application has been questioned. Herein, we aimed at broadly reviewing the shortcomings of Kt/V index for appraisal of dialysis adequacy. For this purpose, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar for relevant literature without any time or language limitations from May 2016 to February 2017. The applied keywords were “dialysis adequacy” OR “dialysis sufficiency” OR “dialysis competence” OR “dialysis efficiency”. We summarized all the studies questioning the success of Kt/V index in appraisal of dialysis adequacy to investigate whether Kt/V is still an appropriate index for evaluation of adequacy of different types of dialysis. The results of this study revealed that Kt/V is not the best criterion and one cannot be assured of dialysis adequacy solely based on this criterion.
    Keywords: Dialysis Adequacy, Kt, V, Dialysis Sufficiency, Dialysis Competence, Dialysis Efficiency
  • Iran Jahanbin, Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan *, Kazem Akbari, Mahmood Rahmati, Soraya Ghadakpour Page 2
    Background
    The human society has long been challenged by the issue of drug addiction. Due to cultural reasons, beliefs based on wrong perceptions and unique geographical position, Iranian society is prone to drug addiction. The addicts usually have several problems in handling social and inter-personal communications, a fact that highlights the necessity of providing life skills training to these patients.
    Objectives
    The study is an attempt to determine the effect of life skills training on social communication of male drug addicts who referred to Tavalod Novin Drug Clinic in Larestan, Iran.
    Methods
    A semi-experimental study was carried out to examine the quality of social relationship of drug addicts. To this end, Piers’ standard questionnaire of social relationship with 29 statements was administered before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Participants were 42 drug addicts in the age range of 20 - 68 who referred to the drug clinic and used medicine treatment program. The intervention was consisted of seven 2-hour sessions of life skills training program. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, and Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) test was used to check normality assumption with regard to quantitative variables.
    Results
    Comparison of the data before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention revealed statistically significant differences in the domains of social support, depth of relationships, conflicting relationships, and total score of social relationship with parents, family members, and friends (P
    Conclusions
    Given the fact that drug addicts usually have problems in their social and inter-personal relationships, life skills trainings can be effective in improving their social communication in terms of their relationships with parents, family members, and friends. Life skills training should be a part of training protocols for drug addicts.
    Keywords: Drug Abuse, Life Skills, Social Communication
  • Shadiyeh Kanani, Nasrin Aliramaii *, Ghobad Moradi Page 3
    Background and
    Purpose
    A bed sore is a major problem in hospitalized patients, which can cost a lot for the patients, families, hospitals, health care institutions, and the community as a whole. On the other hand, one of the duties of the nursing staff is the care of the patient’s skin to prevent the formation of an ulcer. In addition, they are also responsible for providing the necessary measures to prevent the onset of pressure ulcers in the hospital. This critical role of nurses itself requires improving their knowledge regarding compression ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge level of nurses in Sanandaj sanitary care centers, which was done in 2014 for bedsores.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 390 nurses from Sanandaj health centers that were selected by the census. Data were collected using the Piperfahr questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software and necessary tests.
    Results
    The rate of correct answers related to the onset of bedsore with the highest frequency being 77.7% in the range of “good”, the bedsore evaluation with the frequency of 48.7% in the range of “average, and that of the bedsore-related knowledge with the highest correct answers of 94.6% in the range of “good”. There was a significant relationship (P 0.05).
    Conclusions
    The results showed that, with the highest frequency of correct answers (86.2%), the nursing knowledge is in an average level. Therefore, their level of knowledge can be promoted by additional relevant learning. Furthermore, the level of knowledge can have a positive effect on the performance.
    Keywords: Bedsore, Nursing Knowledge, Pressure Ulcer, Educational Healthcare
  • Davood Kashipazha, Ahmad Ghomifar *, Farzaneh Karimian Page 4
    Background
    Stroke is the third cause of death in the US. Due to its associated mortality and morbidity, it is a very important disease, and recurrent stroke increases the risk of both conditions. Atherosclerotic risk factors are the most common, and yet modifiable, risk factors for stroke. Therefore, stroke prevention should be focused on the treatment of these underlying factors of the disease. Despite the same medical treatments for this disease in various communities, the discernable difference in recurrent stroke in different studies (ranging from 3% to 23.2%) suggests this difference can be attributed to the lack of appropriate control of modifiable risk factors for this condition in communities with higher incidence of stroke. Hence, the present study aimed at testing this hypothesis.
    Methods
    In this randomized clinical trial study, 76 patients with ischemic stroke were assigned to two groups of active follow-up and non-active follow-up of risk factors. The subjects in the two groups were studied and compared with respect to control of risk factors and recurrent ischemic stroke at the beginning and at the end of the research.
    Results
    The rates of recurrent stroke within 6 months from the beginning of the study in the active and non-active follow-up groups were 2.8% and 13.8%, respectively. In addition, the chance of recurrent stroke in the non-active follow-up group was 5 times more than that in the active follow-up group (OR = 5, CI = 95%).
    Conclusions
    Active follow-up of patients after the first stroke leads to a better control of ischemic stroke risk factors and reduces its recurrence rate.
    Keywords: Stroke, Stroke Rehabilitation, Atherosclerosis, Follow, Up Studies
  • Mehdi Gholamzadeh Baeis, Mohammad Javad Qasemzadeh* Page 5
    Background
    Cold is defined as a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. The disease is more common in children than in adults and usually requires greater attention and care.
    Methods
    This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (zinc versus placebo of zinc) was carried out using a repeated measures design. After excluding the cases that met the exclusion criteria, data was collected from 120 participants and analyzed. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months (June 2015 to August 2015). The intervention group received Zinc (1 mg/kg) for 7 days and the control group received the same amount of placebo.
    Results
    The durations of runny nose and nasal congestion was significantly shorter in patients in the intervention group, who had received zinc, when compared with the control group (P = 0.017 and P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, there were significant differences between patients, who received zinc and those, who did not receive the drug, in terms of the duration, severity of signs and symptoms, severity of illness, and weakness (P = 0.018).
    Conclusions
    Based on the results of this study and other similar studies, zinc sulfate has positive effects on children with colds. Thus, the results of these studies could be utilized by medical teams to adopt a more accurate and complete clinical approach towards the use of zinc sulfate for patients with colds.
    Keywords: Children, Zinc, Common Cold, Pediatrics, Zinc Sulfate
  • Atefeh Dehnoalian, Shirin Madadkar Dehkordi, Mehri Alaviani, Zohre Motamedi, Sadaf Ahmadpour, Maryam Banan-Sharifi * Page 6
    Background
    Thalassemia is the most common hereditary disease. The presence of many physical and psychological problems can affect the quality of life of patients with thalassemia. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of educational counseling program on the quality of life of thalassemia patients in city of Neyshabur in 2016.
    Methods
    This semi-experimental study, which was conducted using pretest and posttest method, was done on 20 thalassemia patients, who referred to thalassemia clinic and were treated with educational counseling intervention. The participants were assigned into 5- member groups and received 5 sessions of training. After the sessions, 2 phone consultations were provided to the participants with a one- week gap, and the participants’ questions were answered. Sf-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire was completed before and 1 month after the intervention, and data were analyzed by independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS software Version 16.
    Results
    The mean age of the patients was 23.06 ± 10.87. The analysis of the test revealed that comparison of the mean before and after the educational counseling intervention in the physical and mental health subscales of SF-36 quality of life questionnaire was significant. Mean scores of quality of life in all dimensions were also significantly increased after the intervention (P
    Conclusions
    According to the above results, it is suggested that educational counseling programs be used to improve the quality of life of patients with thalassemia.
    Keywords: Thalassemia, Quality of Life, Iran
  • Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarm, Hamideh Abafat *, Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi, Soodabeh Bassak Nejad Page 7
    Background
    Generalized anxiety disorder is chronic and can be continued. The present study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on cognitive-attentional syndrome and low cognitive confidence among female students of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, who had generalized anxiety disorder.
    Methods
    This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all female students of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz, who were invited to participate in the present study by a phone call. First, for an initial diagnosis of the disorder, the generalized anxiety disorder scale was given to the students. Then, those individuals with a high score in anxiety questionnaire (cut-off point: 10 and above) underwent a structured clinical interview, and 28 individuals with generalized anxiety criteria were selected. The test group underwent ten 90-minute sessions of Wells metacognitive therapy. The questionnaire of cognitive-attentional syndrome and cognitive trust was used as a measurement tool in the pretest and the posttest. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis variance test.
    Results
    Multivariate variance analysis showed that the mean value of cognitive-attentional syndrome and low cognitive confidence in the test group significantly reduced compared to the control group.
    Conclusions
    The findings revealed that MCT reduces the studied variables and indicated the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on generalized anxiety.
    Keywords: Metacognitive Therapy, Cognitive, Attentional Syndrome, Low Cognitive Confidence, Female
  • Laleh Behboudi, Mojtaba Eizadi * Page 8
    Background
    A growing body of literature suggests that obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and is regarded as a major risk factor for chronic diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
    Objectives
    The purpose of this study was to examine whether an endurance training program can affect the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in sedentary obese women.
    Methods
    Thirty sedentary obese women (30 ≤ BMI ≤ 36), aged 30 - 40 years, were selected through convenience and purposive sampling. They were then divided into exercise (n, 15) and control (n, 30) groups, based on random sampling using a table of random numbers. The exercise group received 3 months of supervised endurance training. Blood samples were obtained before and at the end of the program for measuring serum IL-1β level in the groups. Pre- and posttraining anthropometric indices, as well as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an index of cardiovascular fitness, were also measured in the groups. Data were compared using independent paired t test.
    Results
    The endurance training program resulted in a significant decline in body weight, abdominal obesity, and other anthropometric indices (P 0.05).
    Conclusions
    The increased level of serum IL-1β, as an inflammatory cytokine, could be attributed to weight loss or cardiovascular fitness due to endurance training in obese women.
    Keywords: Interleukin, 1? Endurance Exercise, Obesity, Cardiovascular Fitness
  • Houri Faysali, Kourosh Zarea *, Bahman Dashtebozorgi Page 9
    Background
    Clinical studies on patients with stoma show that these people are the group who need several adaptations. It was found that self-efficacy, as a source of personal coping, can facilitate this process and make it easier to accept stoma and increases compatibility with it. This study aimed to investigate the effect of group Psychoeducation on self- efficacy in patients with intestinal stoma in some of medical university hospitals of Iran.
    Methods
    This study is a semi-experimental study. The study society was formed from patients with intestinal stoma who were interested to attend training sessions. A total of 24 eligible patients, who had the entrance criteria, were chosen by convenient sampling and were trained for 6 1-hour sessions in groups of 6 and 8. Their efficacy was assessed before training, immediately after completion of the last session, and also 3 weeks later.
    Results
    The data analysis via repeated measure test showed that the mean amount of self-efficacy, before and after training, is significantly different (P
    Conclusions
    The results showed that group Psychoeducation was effective in increasing self-efficacy in patients with intestinal stoma. In fact, it was found that making patients doing group exchanges with people with similar problems improves their self-efficacy dramatically.
    Keywords: Group Pcychoeducation, Self, Efficacy, Intestinal Stoma
  • Nasim Shams Alizadeh, Saeid Komasi, Ali Soroush* Page 10