فهرست مطالب

Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care - Volume:5 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/27
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Poorandokht Afshari, Marzieh Rakhsh Khorshid, Mahdis Vakili *, Maryam Jahandideh, Mehrnaz Ahmadi Page 1
    Background
    Tobacco smoking is attributed to pediatric disease and pediatric epidemics. This study aimed to indicate the attitudes of four- to six-year-old children toward cigarettes..
    Methods
    This cross sectional study was conducted by a questionnaire in 2011. Hundred and forty-five, children, aged four to six years, were randomly selected from eight kindergartens located in all four areas of Ahvaz. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze demographic data, Chi-square test to compare qualitative variables and Pearson correlation coefficient to compare quantitative data..
    Results
    Results of the study showed that 76.4% of children knew what a cigarette is; 41.2% had talked about smoking with their parents; 1.4% had asked to buy one due to the attractive appearance of cigarette packs; 27.8% imitated the act of smoking. Children’s attitude toward smoking showed that 1.4% of them took smoking as a good act, 91.4% believed that smoking was a bad act and 7.1% had no idea about smoking..
    Conclusions
    Since parents’ behaviors affect their children, it is advisable to implement effective interventional programs to increase parents’ awareness about smoking and its harmful environmental effects..
    Keywords: Children's Idea, Cigarette, Chronic Disease
  • Masoomeh Asadi, Sedigheh Fayazi *, Sara Adarvishi, Pejman Alavinejad, Mahmood Latifi, Akbar Soleimani Page 2
    Background
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract that is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. This disorder changes the quality of life of patients..
    Objectives
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Benson relaxation on quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome..
    Methods
    This was a clinical trial study with 46 patients, who were randomly divided to two groups including Benson relaxation and control group. The experimental group exercised 20 minutes daily for three two months, while no intervention program was held for the control group. The data collection tools were a demographic form and SF-34 Questionnaire that were used to gather data one week before and two months after the intervention. Then data were analyzed using the SPSS version 19 software..
    Results
    The results indicated the mean total quality of life score in test group after intervention was changed from 93.13 to 57.61 while the control group was changed from 105.65 to 96.43 (P ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference in six dimensions of quality of life including dysphoria (P ≤ 0.001), social reaction (P ≤ 0.001), health worry (P ≤ 0.001), body image (P ≤ 0.001), interpersonal relation (P = 0.004) and activities interference (P = 0.001) between the two groups, but no significant difference was found in food abstinence (P = 0.244) and sexual worry (P = 0.830)..
    Conclusions
    The findings showed that Benson relaxation training might be an effective therapy for improving quality of life in patients with IBS..
    Keywords: Irritable Bowel syndrome, Quality of Life, Benson Relaxation
  • Fatemeh Hardani, Nasrin Elahi *, Simin Jahani, Mohammadhossein Haghighi Zadeh, Pezhman Alavi Nejad Page 3
    Background
    Education is crucial to improve the preventive behaviors of patients with hepatitis B. The Professional collaboration of care-centered model (PCCC) is one novel educational model that has shown promising effects in recent studies..
    Objectives
    Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of patient education based on PCCC on the knowledge of patients with hepatitis B regarding preventive behaviors..
    Methods
    This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 50 patients with hepatitis B in Ahvaz Imam and Razi hospitals in Iran during 2014. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention (n = 25) and a control (n = 25) group. First, patients in both groups completed a demographical and clinical checklist as well as a knowledge questionnaire. Patients in the control group received routine education, while patients in the intervention group were educated based on PCCC for 4 sessions. At the end of the 4-week intervention, patients completed the questionnaires again. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using Student’s t test and the chi-squared test..
    Results
    Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.133), while after the intervention a significant difference was seen between the two groups, favoring the intervention group based on the increased mean score (P
    Conclusions
    Regarding our results, education based on the PCCC model could be effective in improving knowledge in patients with hepatitis B. Thus, it is recommended that this model be used as a simple method to improve preventive behaviors..
    Keywords: Education, Professional Practice, Knowledge, Hepatitis B
  • Nahid Rajai, Seyedeh Azam Sajadi *, Fatemeh Teymouri, Armin Zareiyan, Saeed Siavoshi, Mahdi Malmir Page 4
    Background
    Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental disorders before and after surgery. Aromatherapy is a treatment that has grown substantially in recent years in comparison with other complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to relieve anxiety..
    Objectives
    This study investigated the effect of inhaling lavender essence on the physiological and psychological status of patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery..
    Methods
    This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients who were undergoing CABG surgery at the hospitals of Artesh Jomhory Eslami (AJA) University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Patients who met specific inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: a control group that inhaled room air and an experimental group that inhaled from a piece of cotton impregnated with two drops of lavender essence. This intervention was done on the morning of surgery. To evaluate these measures, a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was filled out by the patient before and after the intervention. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics..
    Results
    After the intervention, the study results showed statistically significant differences between the two study groups in heart rate (mean = 78.83, P = 0.02) and anxiety level (mean = 6.63, P = 0.02). However, the differences between the two groups were not significant regarding stress level (mean = 8.63, P = 0.55) and other physiological variables..
    Conclusions
    Inhalation aromatherapy is an effective method for reducing the heart rate and the level of anxiety in patients before CABG surgery. Given that the physiological and psychological health of patients are important responsibilities for nurses, aromatherapy can be considered a safe and effective relaxation method before invasive interventions. Learning this method is recommended for students and nurses..
    Keywords: Aromatherapy, Anxiety, CABG, Stress
  • Saeid Komasi, Mozhgan Saeidi * Page 5
    Background
    The way that patients perceive their cardiac condition and their attitude toward its causes are effective in education and in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)..
    Objectives
    The current study was conducted to compare anxiety and depression among cardiovascular patients with and without a perceived risk factor toward CVD..
    Methods
    The administrative data of this retrospective cross-sectional study were obtained from the database of the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) ward of a hospital in Iran. The data of 745 patients were obtained from January 2005 to 2011 using the compiled forms of this database, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders. Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis..
    Results
    After adjusting for gender and age and at the beginning of the CR program, anxiety (P = 0.006) and depression scores (P = 0.016) were significantly higher among those with a perceived risk factor (N = 602) than among those without such perceived risk factor (N = 143). Although males with a perceived risk factor experienced higher anxiety (P = 0.01) and depression (P = 0.02) than males without such perceived risk factor, the difference was not detected in females..
    Conclusions
    As perceived risk factors may not always translate to a real risk factor, patients with a perceived risk factor toward CVD may experience anxiety and depression. The results found in females are discussable..
    Keywords: Cardiovascular, Risk Factor, Anxiety, Depression, Attitude, Rehabilitation
  • Sajedeh Mousaviasl, Houshang Alijani Renani *, Mahin Gheibizadeh, Amal Saki Malehi Page 6
    Background
    Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases and is the silent epidemic of this era..
    Objectives
    This study evaluates the effect of education that is based on the health belief model on promoting osteoporosis prevention behaviors among female high school students..
    Methods
    In this two-group interventional study, 172 students age 11 to 14 years (experimental group = 86 subjects; control group = 86 subjects) were randomly selected from Khorramshahr high schools using multistage sampling. Data were collected before the intervention and two months after its completion using a researcher-made questionnaire with four parts: demographic questions, knowledge questions, questions related to the health belief model constructs, and questions regarding preventive behaviors. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software and by applying the Mann-Whitney test, the analysis of covariance procedure, and the Wilcoxon statistical test..
    Results
    After the intervention, significant statistical differences were seen between the experimental and control groups in mean scores of knowledge, health belief model constructs, and preventive behaviors..
    Conclusions
    The education based on health belief model plays an important role in increasing knowledge and improving osteoporosis prevention behaviors in students..
    Keywords: Health Belief Model, Osteoporosis, Preventive Behaviors
  • Pezhman Alavinejad*, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Eskandar Hajiani, Atefe Roomi, Arman Shahriari, Elham Karimi Moghaddam Page 7
    Background
    The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesalazine plus bismuth on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chief complaint of bloating..
    Methods
    The current quasi-experimental study, included patients with IBS and chief complaint of bloating and incomplete defecation. They were treated with masalazine and bismuth subcitrate and followed regularly based on monthly visits. The rate of symptoms relief, patient's satisfaction and any side effects were recorded during the surveillance..
    Results
    Overall, 42 patients (33 females and 9 males) were included. The mean age of the patients was 35.9 years (ranged 22 - 67 years); 32%, 44% and 24% had high, medium and low socioeconomic levels, respectively; 96% of the patients were nonsmokers and just two patients had a history of alcohol consumption. Two patients had glucose intolerance, four had hypothyroidism and four had past history of valvular heart disease. In 20% of the patients, the family history for intestinal bowl disease (IBD) was positive. Ten patients had a history of bloody diarrhea and no one had a history of any significant liver diseases. The most common symptoms of patients included incomplete defecation and tenesmus (41 patients, 97.6%), bloating (39 patients, 92.8%), abdominal fullness (35 patients, 83.3%) and mucus discharge (30 patients, 71.4%). After an average six months of treatment (3 - 11 months), 69.1% of patients reported improvement of symptoms more than 50% (38.1%, ranged 75% - 100%), and 31% (ranged 50% - 75%) indicated overall symptoms relief). The most significant improvement was reported for bloating (85%). There were no major side effects except minor degrees of diarrhea among 26% of the subjects..
    Conclusions
    The results of the study were indicative of improvement and symptom relief in the majority of patients and it seems that treatment prolongation up to six months could be a key factor to achieve better clinical responses. It is recommended that further randomized clinical trials evaluate this therapeutic regimen..
    Keywords: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Bloating, Incomplete Defecation, Masalazine, Bismuth
  • Azadeh Zangeneh Pour Zadeh, Mojgan Javadnoori *, Parvin Abedi, Amal Saki Malehi Page 8
    Background
    In the recent years, chronic diseases have been identified as challenges of public health and healthcare and are the major causes of death in the female population. Females make up 75% of family caregivers. The sandwich generation females, who care for their aging parents while supporting their own children, encounter an increase in stress related to chronic diseases, but in some studies, the issue of care involves lower depression risk and more constructive psychological effects..
    Objectives
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between family caregiving and chronic diseases in sandwich generation females..
    Patients and
    Methods
    This study was a case-control study in Ahvaz in which 360 females including 180 sandwich generation caregivers and 180 caregivers of one generation (i.e. those only taking care of their own child) were selected using the random cluster sampling method during six months. The two groups of participants were matched in terms of age, number of children under their care and their socioeconomic status. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S test or KS test) and chi-square tests through the SPSS v.22 software..
    Results
    A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the presence of chronic diseases (P = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between chronic diseases and number of children (P = 0.03), person receiving care (P = 0.004), educational level (P = 0.001), caregiving duration (P = 0.005), and socioeconomic status (P = 0.14). Chronic diseases in caregivers with more than four children, under diploma educational level, and with unfavorable socioeconomic status were more than others. Additionally, the occurrence of chronic diseases was more in females caring for their grandchildren. There was no significant correlation between chronic diseases and the age of caregivers (P > 0.05)..
    Conclusions
    The current study revealed that a significant percentage of sandwich generation females have chronic diseases..
    Keywords: Family Caregiving, Chronic Disease, Sandwich Generation Females
  • Alireza Ghorbanibirgani, Masoud Fallahi, Khoshknab*, Kourosh Zarea, Heidarali Abedi Page 9
    Background
    Psoriasis is a chronic mental and physical disease that leads to many challenges for people along their lives so that its compatibility and acceptance by the patient is hardly possible..
    Objectives
    The objective of the present study was to describe and explain the experienced coping strategies by patients with Psoriasis..
    Methods
    The present study was a qualitative phenomenological interpretation, which was conducted on people with psoriasis, who had referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz during June and March 2014. In this study, 15 people with psoriasis were selected based on purposive sampling and they were asked to express their life experiences regarding coping strategies. Data were collected through a deep and unstructured interview, and the method of Diekelmann et al. (1989) was used for data analysis..
    Results
    After analysis of the texts of interviews, the main theme, which was attempt to cope with disease and four sub-themes namely “disease, the reason for spiritual promotion”, “intellectual insight”, “supporting behavior” and “concealing disease” were extracted, which indicated the patients’ experiences when coping with psoriasis..
    Conclusions
    The results of the present study showed that people with psoriasis experienced many challenges in order to cope with this disease, and accurate identification of these challenges and real understanding of their experiences by health professionals, and reflecting positive experiences such as spiritual promotion via their disease to other patients are recommended..
    Keywords: Psoriasis, Interpretive Phenomenology, Experience, Coping
  • Nahid Javadifar, Farideh Pargar *, Parvaneh Musavi, Mohammad Hussein Haghighizadeh Page 10
    Background
    Healthy sexual function can be considered as an important element to improve personal and public hygiene. The sexual desire plays an important role in mental health and improving the quality of life..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to compare sexual function of females in urban and rural areas..
    Methods
    The current descriptive study adopted 800 females of reproductive age (range 15 - 45 years) referred to rural and urban healthcare centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015. Samples were randomly selected. Applied instruments in the study were demographic information and female sexual dysfunction questionnaires (FSFI). Independent T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression were employed to analyze data by SPSS ver. 22..
    Results
    The result showed a significant statistical difference between females in urban and rural areas in terms of sexual desire, vaginal lubrication, intercourse pain and sexual function (P 0.05). Frequency of sexual dysfunction was 59.9% in females in rural and36.5% in urban areas and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (0.000). In both groups, the highest sexual disorder frequency was related to intercourse pain..
    Conclusions
    According to the obtained results, females in the rural areas had lower sexual function than the ones in the urban areas. It is suggested to establish female sexual health units in healthcare centers to give female sexual function consultation adjusted with awareness and culture of females and consider the existing problems..
    Keywords: Sexual Function, Reproductive Age, Rural, Urban
  • Reza Nabi, Amjad, Davood Rasouli *, Yousef Mohammadpour, Hossein Jafarizadeh, Zahra Safaei, Darioush Rokhafrooz Page 11
    Background
    Diabetes mellitus, as a chronic disease, largely affects lifestyle and quality of life. Education could affect quality of life of diabetic patient, however the results of studies have shown traditional and modern methods of education have various effects..
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to compare the effect of self-empowerment program through educational package and workshop on quality of life among diabetic patients..
    Methods
    This study was a randomized clinical trial. Diabetic patients referring to the diabetes center, affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences, participated in this study. A sample of 40 subjects was selected and they were divided into two groups of 20. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The first part related to demographic information and the second was to assess the quality of life of diabetic patients, using audit of diabetes - dependent quality of life questionnaire..
    Results
    The mean and standard deviation of life quality scores in the pre-intervention were 40.25 ± 7.69 in the workshop group and 39.9 ± 9.00 in the other group, while in the post-intervention, they were 46.00 ± 7.56 and 48.50 ± 5.56, respectively. There is no significant difference between the two groups before and after education in term of quality of life. However, a significant difference was observed in the scores of quality of life before and after the intervention between the two groups..
    Conclusions
    Based on these findings, the use of self-empowerment regardless of the education program tools (workshop or training package), can promote self-care skills and thus improve the quality of life in diabetic patients..
    Keywords: Self, Empowerment, Educational Package, Workshop, Quality of Life, Diabetes
  • Seyyedeh Maryam Vahdat Shariatpanahi, Ehsan Shahverdi *, Fatemeh Naseri Atashani, Yasaman Vakiloroaya, Mohammad Amin Konjedi Page 12
    Background
    Self-injury is defined as the intentional injuring of one’s own body without apparent suicidal intent. Self-harm is encountered frequently in psychiatric hospitals. Deliberate self-harm may be found in patients with a variety of diagnoses, including substance abuse, major depression, schizophrenia and especially borderline personality disorder..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-injury and possible relating factors in patients with psychiatric diseases..
    Patients and
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 42 patients with self-injury referred to Lavasani hospital in Tehran, Iran, were selected by random sampling during 2013 - 2014. The prevalence of self-injury, site and tools of self-injury and also possible contributing factors were evaluated. T-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze data..
    Results
    Mean distribution of self-injury in patients was 12.5%. Sharp object was the tool of injury in 90.5% of the patients, 4.8% by fire, 2.4% by stone and 2.4% by other attempted to self-injury. In 76.2% of the patients extremities were the site of injury. In 19%, 2.4% and 2.4% head and neck, trunk and abdomen were the sites of injury, respectively. There was a significant association between type of disorder and tool and body site of self-injury (P
    Conclusions
    It can be concluded that schizophrenia and drug-induced psychotic disorder were the most common types of disorders that are at risk of self-injury..
    Keywords: Mental Disorders, Self –Mutilation, Prevalence