مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1396)

Patient's perspective of service quality has attracted much attention for evaluating service quality in recent years. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the quality of services offered in emergency departments of public and private hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in Tehran 2015, from the patients’ perception.
Material and In this cross-sectional study, 373 discharged patients from four public and four private hospitals were selected by convenient sampling method. A validated questionnaire consisted of 20 items, was used for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney and regression tests were used through SPSS.22 Software.
Two factors such as patient's education before discharge and prompt attention received in the emergency wards, had the lowest scores and considered as weaknesses of service quality. Quality of basic amenities, and patient care received the highest scores and ranked as strengths of emergency department service quality. The mean score of service quality was (4.3) in private hospitals, which was higher than public hospitals (3.9); and this difference was statistically significant (p Service quality of emergency department in private hospitals was better than public hospitals. The hospital management should pay more attention to the aspects of services such as patient education before discharge and fast delivery of services. Providing patients with educational booklet at discharge and telephone tracking, and reducing waiting times through re-engineering of patient care processes, are recommended to improve satisfaction of the patients.

Determination of transport status among elderly could help to identify the existing vacancy. The current study aimed to determine the optimal transport characteristics of elder’s perspectives.
Perspective of 200 elders 60 years and older about Friendly Transportation characteristics: (availability, acceptability, accessibility, compatibility, affordability) were studied in a descriptive cross-sectional study. All the elderly population attending the cultural centers and parks’ at North, South, West, East and Central areas of Tehran, were selected at randomly. Data were collected using a designed questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the instrument were determined using content validity and test-retest reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 89%).
Forty percent of samples had incomes below a million Tomans (equal to 10,000,000 IRR). And %75, 4 of elders did not have any satisfaction from the availability characteristic of public transport. Acceptability characteristic of friendly transportation was good in %45, 5 of elders’ opinion. Also, 60 percent of studied elders reported poor accessibility to public transport. Compatibility characteristic of friendly transportation was good in %76, 4 of elders’ opinion. Elder men opinions about affordability characteristic of friendly transportation were good and women opinions were reported weak.
Results confirmed that elderly transportation was inappropriate. To attain friendly transportation, planning, need to address infrastructure alteration and traffic improvements for availability and accessibility characteristics among both men and women and affordability characteristic among women are felt more essential.

Petroleum related industries including gas company, is considered as the major organizations in Iran. Development of these organizations requires advanced technical equipment, which may lead to higher rates of accidents.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of moderating demographic variables in relation to job security and organizational support for the incidents of the Isfahan’s Gas Company during 1395. The research method was descriptive correlational. The population of this research included all employees (72 persons) of the Isfahan gas company, who reported accidents during the time period of 1390-1394. In this research a questionnaire named job security, organizational support and demographic factors were used and accidents and near-hit were ranged from 1 for none-human causes and 10 for human causes. For ethical reasons, collected data from subjects remained confidential to the researcher. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 at -0.5 α.
Regression analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between residence, type of occupation and education with the accidents. The modified analysis showed that the education significantly correlated the relationship between occupational safety and accidents, as well as age and work history (p≤0.05).
To increase the safety of the work environment and reduce accidents, we must pay attention to the demographic characteristics of the employees. In the next step, efforts should be focused on the accident related parameters such as job security and organizational support.

Chromium occurs mainly in the oxidation states (III) and (VI), and finds in the wastewater industries such as electroplating, glass, ceramic, leather and tanning, tannery industries. Hexavalent Chromium (VI) is reported as confirmed carcinogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate removal efficiency of chromium (VI) by using Barberry stems powder from aqueous solutions.
This study was done in laboratory scale. The Barberry stems powder prepared in lab conditions and Pulverized using ASTM standard sieves (40-60 mesh). The effects of adsorbent dose (Barberry stems powder), initial concentration of hexavalent chromium, contact time and pH on the removal chromium were investigated. The concentration of chromium (VI) in all samples measured by spectrophotometer at 540 nm. For better understanding of the adsorption process, the experimental data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic studies. Finally, the data were analyzed by EXCEL.
The results showed that the removal efficiency of Cr was fixed and 100% in all amounts of adsorbent. By increasing of reaction time, the Cr removal rate increased and by increasing of Cr initial concentration and pH, the removal efficiency decreased. By increasing of pH from 2 to 9, the Cr removal efficiency with 2 mg/L chromium decreased from 100% to 16.4%. Furthermore, the data were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo- second -order kinetic.
According to the results, Barberry stems powder is able to absorb the Cr (VI). Removal efficiency of Cr (VI) in pH=2 was at its optimum capacity. The results of this study demonstrated that the Barberry stems powder can be used as an effective and appropriate adsorbent.

Safety consideration in mines is regarded as the most important issue focused not only in safeguarding the health of miners, but, its contribution to efficiency and economical aspects of mine operations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess and analysis the risk of Teravertine miners in the Mahallat’s region.
Material and The main accidents of the Travertine mines was identified in 15 categories according to the local safety authorities. And, subsequently FMEA (Fault Modes and Effects Analysis) technique was used for the risk assessment.
The risk priority number (RPN) for the mining operations was calculated in the range of 105 to 320. According to the acceptable criteria, 7 cases of operations were identified as “not acceptable” in this study.
Many risks could be traced in the Mahallat’s mining operations. From the practical point of view, few risks were identified in this study and appropriate corrective actions were introduced.

Accidents have been recognized as one of leading social issues in recent times. The objective of this study was to survey the detailed data on accidents and injuries in the City of Saqez for categorizing the accidents and providing necessary information for policymakers.
This crosssectional study in which health Information was received from the Iranian Accident Network in the 2014 for the city of Saqes. All information was used anonymously for ethical purposes. Data were analyzed by R software for statistical analysis of the non-parametric regression of local LOESS, polynomial regression and multi-sample test.
The male population, had the highest incident rate 73%, the highest rate 33% of incidents rural area and 45% of the varieties of the accident were observed according to the chi-square test at all options in terms of the levels were significantly different (P 0.05).
According to the results of this study, prevention programs for a defined target group of men with the focus on the accident prevention through training were recommended.

According the publishled of manuscripts, women have been one of greatest victims of disasters. Due to the importance of the prevention, recognition of vulnerable groups and their empowerment how to deal with disasters, the objective of this study was to recognize the need of wemen in diseaster situations in from the psychological point of view.
A qualitative study, through semi-structured interviews by 33 experts in the various fields of psychology, psychiatry, psychiatric Nursing, social care and welfare, social medicine and gender studies and experts in disasters, was conducted. Snowball Sampling in the provinces of Tehran, Isfahan and Mashhad in year (2016) was conducted. In order to achieve sample transferring capability, samples with maximum variety were selected. Also, to ensure reliability and verifiability of interviews, transcripts and codes were presented to each participant. The gathered data was analyzed using content analysis method. The ethical considerations for qualitative studies were observed in this study.
The results of this study determined 4 main codes and 30 sub-codes for psychological reasons behind women’s vulnerability during disasters. The sub themes related to opinions of women being vulnerable included physiological reasons (hormonal factors, emotional factors and lower physical capabilities), social reasons (weaker social roles, lower social support, incorrect beliefs and social roles, conflict between tradition and modernity, Patriarchal culture, lower social, economic and literacy status, religious beliefs and policies and laws) and psychological reasons (mental disorders, emotions and maternal instincts).
Most interviewees believed that the reason behind women’s vulnerability during disaster depends on psychological and other social and biological factors.