Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2016

Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy which occurs in 15% of pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of spontaneous abortion and its related factors among nurses working in the hospitals.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 431 nurses working in hospitals in Sanandaj City, Iran, in 2014. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed via Stata software using descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation, and chi-square, t, and Fisher exact tests.
Mean age of participants was 33.45 ± 7.49 years; mean working hours per shift was 6.26 ± 2.50 hours; mean working hours per month was 201.63 ± 93.54 hours; and the mean work experience was 9.53 ± 7.37 years. The history of abortion among the participants was 22.23%. There was statistically significant relationship between age, working hours, working shifts, working ward, and work experience with spontaneous abortion (P The rate of spontaneous abortion among nurses working in the hospitals of Sanandaj City is higher than other studies. Therefore the decisions must be made to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes in nurses.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester of pregnancy. There are many variables which can predispose EP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between individual’s response to given medical treatment and predicting factors of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women.
In this cross-sectional study, 277 patients with ectopic pregnancy who were admitted to obstetrics and gynecology ward of Besat hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, were evaluated. The necessary information was obtained from all women diagnosed with EP during 2008 to 2013. Patients who received any medication before study or those who could not use methotrexate (MTX) were excluded from study.
In this study, 205 (74.1%) patients responded to the medical therapy. There was a significant association between successful response to the treatment and beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) serum level less than 5000 mIU/ml, pregnancy sac size less than 4 cm and lack of fetal heart rate (FHR) in transvaginal sonography (TVS).
In conclusion, it was found that β-hCG serum level, pregnancy sac size and presence of FHR play a key role in predicting the response to the medical treatment in women with ectopic pregnancy, and might be helpful in selecting appropriate therapeutic scheme.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage during pregnancy on perineal pain and lacerations.
This randomized clinical trial study was conducted at Beasat Hospital of Sanandaj, Iran, from June 2014 to July 2015, on 115 women. Subjects in the intervention group practiced a daily 8-minute perineal massage with olive oil, starting from the 34th week of gestation until delivery. A questionnaire, made by researchers, was used to collect data through interviews and observations as well as reading the women’s health files. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The descriptive results were reported in terms of frequencies, means and standard deviations (SD).
The incidence of episiotomy was 53.33% and 57.33% in interventional and control groups, respectively, reflecting the significant difference (P Antenatal perineal massage have a significant effect on the incidence of intact perineum, episiotomy and postnatal perineal pain.

: The systematic review is a scientific method for identifying and presenting early research, quality assessment, and integration of their results. This study aimed to describe the principles of systematic reviews and inscribe related articles emphasizing the Cochrane Handbook for the use of medical sciences universities, especially graduate students.
This study was a library review and a compilation of materials on how to conduct review studies in medical sciences and health with emphasis on the Cochrane Handbook.
The findings of this study indicated that review studies have different types, most notably systematic reviews. The Cochrane Handbook provides valuable information collections for conducting these studies in medical sciences, and allows systematic reviews to step by step facilitate and publish relevant articles.
Writing a systematic review involves defining the purpose and protocols, systematically searching for primary studies, critical assessment, selection of the studies, and then, analysis and integration of the final results.