نشریه تاریخ پزشکی
پیاپی 27 (تابستان 1395)

Abdominal bloating is one of the most common general symptoms and digestive complaint. In addition to contradictory effects of bloating treatment and importance of traditional experiments on product of effective drugs, this study presents effective plants in traditional medicine. This study is a review and searched effective medical plants on abdominal bloating on 6 books (Al Abnieh Anhaghayegh Al Advieh, Canon fe Teb, Ekhtiarat Badiei, Tazkere Davod Antaki, Tofat ol moeminin, Makhzak ol Advieh). This plan was done on 10 steps (finding key words, finding materia medica, searching on references, taking same list, finding equivalents, grouping, reseeding, extract of singular of complexes, adding, scoring, ranking). The last of study was detected 302 effective medical plants on abdominal bloating. Maximum score was 10 (Acorus Calamus, Carum Copticum, Nigella Sativa) and Makhzan Al Advieh had maximum effective plants. List of medical plants can be base of clinical studies for producing new drugs on abdominal bloating treatment in this study.

Dry eye is one of the most common referral causes of patients to ophthalmologists which may ultimately increase the risk of eye disease signs and will be impaired the various activities of the people. Primary treatment is superficial and temporary symptomatic improvement at the best conditions and unable to resolve the ocular surface damage and inflammation from most dry eye patients. On the other hand, use of contact lens and corneal surgery such as lasik increase the dry eye incidence as a result the importance of prevention of further treatment has doubled. Dry eye on the resources of traditional medicine is discussed as "Khoshoonat-Alqrnyh". The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Iranian Traditional Medicine vision of dry eye and its treatments.
In this review, an overview of Iranian traditional medicine sources about dry eye in and its treatment has been studied.
"Khoshoonat-Alqrnyh" is one of the corneal diseases. In this disease, corneal dryness, loss of abnormal Humor (sharp and salty) very hot drug consumption causes loss of moisture on the cornea surface and to be rough it and also loss of transparency of the cornea and impair light it, leading to symptoms such as feeling rough when you blink Treatments include topical therapy (eye drops and poultice), special recipes and clearing responsible humors.
Discussion & According to the findings of scholars of traditional medicine in dry eye and its various treatments we hope to reach appropriate methods for dry eye evaluation and its treatment.

Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder in the community. The concept of anxiety understood from different words in Traditional Persian Resources. Explaining the concept of anxiety synonym’s is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment these disorders.
In this qualitative review, the content of six synonyms of anxiety including "Jobn", "Khouf", "Fazaa", "Ghalagh", "Vasvas" and "Hamm" has been analyzed by using of texts and dictionaries Iranian traditional medicine, dictionaries references in era of Islamic civilization and recent books.
In this part concepts and definitions of each keyword was arranged (In compliance with the temporal succession of resources) in a separate table.
Discussion & The results elucidates "Hamm" is thought and effort to dispel something unpleasant and to get on something pleasant. "Khouf" is fear of an unpleasant issue that is likely to occur in the future. "Fazaa" is severe fear that person is not able to repel the risk factor and is impatient and restless. "Ghalagh" is severe than "Fazaa" and person is severely restless. "Jobn" is an inherent mental state which person fear from things that others don’t fear them. Eventually "Vasvas" is bad thoughts. In conclusion, the words from medical resources express physiological state and from dictionaries express psychological state.

The sexual health is a major factor in the stability of marriage. High prevalence of sexual dysfunction and an undeniable effect on individual diseases, family conflicts and social problems, which led to the increase of divorce in the society therefore prevention of these disorders, is necessary. Iranian traditional medicine as a holistic medicine has specific recommendation in this area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sexual health opinion from the perspective of traditional medicine in Iran.
In this narrative-descriptive study, authentic texts of traditional medicine, such as "Kamelossanaeh", Canon of Ibn-Sina, Hefzol-sehhe Naseri ... were searched in sex problems with the key words "Bah", "intercourse" and "Mobahi" and then sexual health measures as classified has been provided.
The studies of traditional medicine in the field of sexual health show the important relationship between normal sexual activity and mental and physical health, and correct sexual activity lead to an increase in the physical force and resolved mental illness. Sexual recommendations are including sexual intercourse only with a real desire and in proper time and avoid intercourse in improper time. Other recommendation in this area is the appropriate amount of cohabitation due to the strength of the body, age, season, sex and also use of effective composition for the sexual enhancement.
Discussion & Iranian traditional medicine sexual health education can be an effective step to improve public health and family strength and reduce the incidence of divorce as a social problem.

In traditional medicine, brain has been known as cerebrum which has several functions. Cerebral functions are resulted from functions of ventricles, where animal spirit is converted to carnal (bodily) spirit that is the origin of sense, movement, thinking, delusion and memory. In traditional medicine, lateral ventricles are substitute for inferior ventricle, third ventricle is substitute for medial (central) ventricle and forth ventricle is substitute for posterior ventricle. Brain is divided to inferior and posterior parts. Inferior brain includes inferior ventricles i.e. lateral ventricles and quintet lobes of frontal, occipital, temporal and insula; medial (central) part is composed of third ventricle, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus and pons; and posterior cerebrum includes posterior ventricle which is substitute for cerebellum. Regarding the higher functions of cerebral ventricles, it seems, not only the structure and their spaces, but also the cerebral tissue which surrounded them play an important role in their functions. The other parts of cerebrum are as the entrance or exit for cerebral ventricles, so that any disorder or obstruction in ventricle, vessels or canals could lead to diseases such as headache, epilepsy, infarction, stroke, etc.

Epilepsy is an intermittent and sudden disorder of the nervous system due simultaneous discharge of brain neurons that leads to sensory disturbances and loss of consciousness and seizure movements. Currently, carbamazepine and sodium valproate are the most common antiepileptic drugs that associate with several side effects, but improve only 70% of epileptic patients. This issue necessitates the need for more efficient treatments. In traditional Iranian medicine epilepsy and its therapies are widely discussed. In this article, we study the effect of materia medica on epilepsy.
This study is a review article. The effective materia medica in treating epilepsy was searched in five textbooks on pharmacology of traditional Iranian medicine, including Alabnie and Haqayeq-al-advie, The Canon of medicine, Tazkare Davoud Antaki, Tohfat Al-momenin and Makhzan-al-advie. This study in several stages (Finding Keyword, Search in resources, preparation of single list, finding similarity, classification, collection and scoring, sorting by points) was done.
81 materia medica was found to treat epilepsy, among which 66 cases had a plant origin, 10 cases had an animal origin and the rest were of mineral origin. These materia medica were arranged in a table based on taken points. Effectiveness of some of these plants such as Nigella sativa, Pimpinella anisum, Caesalpinia bonduc, Terminalia chebula, Melissa officinalis, Ferula assa-foetida, Lavandula angustifolia and Ruta graveolens have been proven in animal or human studies.
Discussion & The obtained results in this study showed that materia medica can help to conduct future clinical trials to obtain new drugs with natural origin which are effective in epilepsy treatment.

There is a special notice on waste material excretion and water circulation in Persian medicine. According to Persian medicine, diuretic remedies are used for excretion of some waste humors from circulation and tissues. The target organ for this function is kidney. Diuretics excrete the fine water soluble materials and by this mechanism help to improve diseases. Diuretics in modern medicines act by water and electrolytes excretion and in this way; they are administered for conditions such as congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, anasarca and hypertension. Each diuretic drug in Persian medicine act on a special humor. In this review, the concept of diuretics, indications, contraindications and cautions about their administration are extracted and classified based on Persian literatures. A comparison is also carried out between the diuretic mechanism in modern and Persian traditional medicines. The results of this study might expand reader’s insight about diuretic herbal remedies and help them in optimal administration of these drugs if they work based on Persian medicine.

cervical ripening is on of the main stage of initiating of labor and it is very important for successf initiating or induction of labor. Prganeum Harmala seeds thru have derivatives such as vasecine and vasicnone cause stimulat of uterus contraction and other derivatives like Harman cause to release nitric oxide. That inductor cervical ripening. This study accomplished with the aim of determining the effect of peganeum Hrmala smoke on cervical ripening, initiation and outcome of labor.
In randomize clinical trial 204 term pregnant women – referring to shahid moarefi zadeh Hospital in shadegan were chosen and randomly were put in 2 groups: intervention, (give of peganeum Garmala that warm by barazier to change smoke) and control (to get warm by barzier)/ Subjects were followed with regard to cervical ripening and initial of labor after 48 and 72 hours and admission time. The tools for gathering information were demographic characteris tics and midwifery questionnaire, observation form and physical examination, daily record and follow up forns. Content validity is used for determining validity. Inter- rater reliability is used. Manvitney, chi-square, fisger exact tests are used for analysi> statistic with spss 18.
Cervical ripening was significant difference between two groups after 48 hours and 49-72 hours (pDiscussion & Research results show that peganeum harmala smoke is safe and almost free of any side effecs. It can cause cervical ripening.