فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1393)

The growth and development of tourism is an important phenomena in the latest of 20th centaury which is continuing with higher speed in the current century. In case of foreseen planning and developing، tourism is able to create direct and indirect economical، social، cultural، environmental and political profits and has a recognized share in the national development. Accommodation centers especially hotels are considered as one of the important and main elements of tourism and their quality and quantity has a great impact on tourism development of an area. Shiraz city due to the enjoyment of various tourism، historical and natural attractions has a distinguished and distinct situation throughout the world. But it does not benefit in proportion with its potential. With respect to the importance of this subject، this paper has studied and analyzed the qualitative and spatial status of accommodation centers in Shiraz city. Type of research is developmental- institutional type and its study method is descriptive- analytical method. The statistical society of this research is the local and foreign tourists who were accommodated in Shiraz hotels in July 2011. The sample volume was calculated by Cocharan formula and was determined as 250 persons. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was measured from the view point of content and based on the view of professionals. Reliability of questionnaire was measured through Cronbach''s alpha which had a desirable reliability (0. 08). The data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi Square model. The research findings show that optimizing the facilities and services of accommodation centers (hotels) causes the attraction and development of tourism in Shiraz city and there is a significant relation between the quality of hotels’ facilities and services with the amount of tourists’ satisfaction، also accommodation areas with respect to the recreational role and function of Shiraz has a suitable spatial distribution.

Despite of the fact that Participatory approach and attention to people as final users of the results of urban projects and planning، is the issue considered by authorities of urban planning، but the item of social capital has been mostly forgotten. However، the main issue and question of this research is that what is the social capital، the effective factors on its decrease or increase، indices، criteria and clearly its participatory dimension and the role and effect of this dimension of social capital on the urban sustainable development. Therefore، the aim of this study is to measure the citizens’ participation as one of the main dimensions of social capital. The research method was descriptive - analytical and questionnaires have been used to gather the required information. The required sample size was determined 320 based on Cochran formula، The questionnaires were distributed in district No. 3 of Zahedan and after completing and integrating with documentary findings of documents، was analyzed using statistical software of Spss18 and single variable T-Test. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of this study suggests that the citizens of district No. 3 of Zahedan metropolis are at a good condition and above the average level from the view point of participation in urban affairs. Thus، the executive and administrative authorities of the city can use the potential and talent of citizens through a careful and regular planning and implement it for improving the quality of urban functions and life of citizens more than before.

Simultaneously with changing the definition and interpretation of poverty، the policies and anti-poverty programs have been changed and altered their attention from classical theories of economic growth to focus on the involvement of local communities in the planning process، implementation and combat with poverty. Unfortunately such process has received less attention in the programs for combating the urban poverty in the country. firstly this article has tried to develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the relationship between local community- based planning and poverty reduction efforts. In this regard، the concepts of collective action، social capital، and neighborhood as a location for community planning have been used. The research variables have been also extracted from this three areas that represents the capacity of local community development in dealing with poverty. Descriptive methods (documentary) were used in this research to obtain the theoretical literature، surveying، questionnaires and deep interviews in the two districts of Zanjaiha and Meyaneha of Nemat abad located at the south part of Iran (which is called poor areas). The results show that six factors including fear of more benefit of others in teamwork، spending time on the activities of the local environment، the tendency to aggregate، and the economic activities of women، fear of less participation of others in teamwork and finally connection with the state organizations about the issues of community are the most important and distinguished factors of two neighborhoods in social development. Also، though the underlying variables such as age، education، ethnicity، and language among two community are not different، but Meyaneha have a better social capacity for collective action which this collective action leads to economical change and exit from poverty and brings a proper economic prosperity for this district in comparing with neighboring districts. Generally، it can be concluded that، this approach with respect to its basic features including empowerment and enabling the local poor people، leading the decision makings to the lowest geographical level and relying on social learning can be a suitable strategy for combating the urban poverty and even other fields.

Environmental values and their effects on residential satisfaction are of great importance in urban housing planning. Residential satisfaction about their residential place، inaddition to physical and mental health of the residents، is effective on quality of life، housing moving rate and prediction of housing demands. Recently، high moving rate has intensified urban sprawl and forming residential clusters which can be considered as an important challenge in urban growth management. Maali-Abad district is a new developed and renewed area at the north west part of Shiraz، which attracted a great number of population due to its main physical changes. Therefore، it is imperative to assess residential environment values in this part of the city and suggest some strategies to augment residential satisfaction. To this end، the data by using a standard questionnaire were collected. 430 participants completed the questionnaires. The residential satisfaction amount was determined by using a five-item Likert spectrum and classification of environmental specifications on the satisfaction rate of residents by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reseach findings showed that most residents expressed their great satisfaction with their residential environment. Climate quality، existance of natural landscapes and gardens have important roles in this regard. However، in some parts of the area، especially in high-rise buildings and on the edge of Main Street، residents were unsatisfied with their environment.

A lot of existing social and economical problems، social disorders in different forms، behavioural and social ubnormalities، uncontrolled growth of population، increase of suburbanization and many other problems are in a way due to the undevelopment of rural areas. Among these، rural cooperatives have a great role in development of villages and obtainment of regional development. Considering the future and its planning is an inseparable part of planning process of rural development. The main objective of this study is to identify different scenarios in the development cooperation sector of Rustam and Mamasani cities، their evaluatation and selecting the best of them. The Approach of research is developing and research methodology is descriptive analysis. To collect the required data، library resources and perspective of regional development experts have been used. Then the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert choice software were used to analyze and prioritize development scenarios. Based on this، firstly the weaknesses، strengths، opportunities and threats were identified and then four scenarios including Livestock and diary production center، Garden and associated industries، center for strategic production of wheat and rice and finally the continuation of the status quo have been designed. In order to determine weights of factors، a questionnaire in form of paired comparisons with scale of one to nine was prepared and completed by several experts and relevant pundits to research. The results of «Expert Choice» show that among the four designed scenarios، the garden center and associated industries were the first priority.

earthquakes is considered as one of the most destructive and threating factor for demolition of human- environment life in the world and its resulting damages in different dimensions (physical، social and …) affect on the urban societies which are the most modern and volunerable settlement pattern in the world. But this natural phenomenon itself at any place may not have the potential for creating crisis and damage. But the readiness and careful planning for determining the degree of damage، control and decreasing the undesireable consequences of earthquake can determine its crisis degree. Therefore، knowing and recognition of physical and social dimensions of this subject which has a bilateral relationship in the damages resulting from earth quake will be necessary. The considered study with «development - applied» nature and «descriptive - analytical» research method has reviwed this issue in Yazd city and since the only tool of human for determining the resulting damages is the available information and statistical-quantitative methods، therefore this study has evaluated and zoned seismic damages by using 30 variables of social-physical indices and using VIKOR technique and GIS، as well as Excel and SPSS softwares. The results showed that VIKOR value or in other words value of Qi، Si and Ri، in three regions of Yazd are (Qi=990. 0، 001. 0، 79. 0)، (Si=775. 0، 246. 0، 676. 0)، (Ri=184. 0، 151. 0، 176. 0) respectively and Based on VIKOR model provisions، district No. 2 in three groups of R،S and Q is placed at the lowest rank; Then at the next phase، district No. 3 and finally No. 1 has the least volunerability in Yazd city.

Metropolitan area is a geographical zone including a central city and population، production، service and tourism centers around it which have environmental، economic، social and spatial interaction together. In this regard، the main challenge is to find useful points for organizing the “relation and connection” among different functional areas. In other words، if independent managements of metropolitan area’s realm don’t move toward management integration، physical- spatial plans will not have the essential ability to lead and control area’s physical and spatial evolutions. According to this approach، the aim of this study is the recognition of the trend of spatial evolution of urban settlements and industrial spaces of Tehran metropolitan area and identification of the position of management system and formal planning and performed plans about organizing the residential and activity region in Tehran metropolitan area. The study has been done using descriptive- analytical method and by using documents، records، available studies and reports related to study. The consideration of this matter in Tehran metropolitan area shows that formal system of urban management and planning in the same framework of traditional structures of management and planning has performed the plan of the construction of new cities and industrial towns in Tehran metropolitan area. A glance to the results of the study shows that construction of new cities and industrial towns which has been done with the aim of organizing the population establishment and activities in Tehran metropolitan area، in spite of providing considerable capacity for new cities and planned industrial towns، hasn’t played an important role in organizing of population establishment and industrial activities. Attraction of population and industrial and workshop units outside of new cities and industrial towns has been more than planned centers. As a result، planned leading and controlling of physical-spatial evolutions under the condition of management multiplicity and fragmentation in Tehran metropolitan area is impossible and any action in this relation depends on the integration in structure، process and policies of area’s management and planning system.

Natural disasters including devastating earthquakes have always been considered as the most destructive factors of human settlements. This issue in the cities، as the most supreme centers of human gatherings، due to population density and vulnerability of old and worn textures in the cities، makes inevitable the necessity of discussion about planning and crisis management. In the current study، the information were collected from methodological point of view as descriptive- analytical method، the aim of the research is identifying and locating multipurpose spaces aiming at crisis management after earth quake in old and worn textures of Shooshtar city. For locating multi-purpose spaces، by using experts’ opinions، 8 types of urban spaces including green spaces، connecting spaces، passenger terminals، office spaces، sport spaces، educational facilities spaces، medical and rescue areas and open empty spaces have been selected. For valuating nominated spaces for prioritizing the proper space for crisis management after earthquake in old and worn texture of Shooshtar،the opinions of 15 experts have been used. For analyzing the weights obtained from expert opinions، Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Model (FDAHP) has been used. The results from this phase were obtained both as fuzzy Weighting in the form of minimum، average and maximum fuzzy weight and also as the final non-fuzzy weight and Finally through combining these results in Arc GIS software; has led to fuzzy and non-fuzzy maps of final locating the multipurpose spaces for Disaster Management in worn texture of Shooshtar. The results show that the open and empty spaces with obtaining maximum fuzzy weight of 0. 769 and final non Fuzzy weight of 0. 356، is the first priority from the view point ofprofessionals for locating the crisis management for damaged people of earth quake in the worn textures of Shooshtar city.