نشریه پژوهش های ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Comparative mythology partly is a one of the modern courses، which have been used broadly from the second mid-nineteenth century. On the one hand، the relation of this approach has become firm in the comparative literature، and fixed in the mythical critic، on the other. Though at first، the necessity recognition of world''s nations myths was introduced widely and comparatively by the European’s and broad researches were done by them، especially in the field of European nations (Rome and Greek''s) myths، but the extent of this approach in the Islamic nation''s myths did not progress، except of some small and separated surveys on myth motives. In 2000 AD، Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri، by understanding this poverty research، in “Comparative research in Arab، Iran and Turk''s myths”، took the first step in comparison of Iranian، Arabic and Turkish''s myths. It is wonderful that، even after a decade، researches did not refer to this. Mojib Al-Mesri، in this comparative research، has studied every Iranian، Arabic and Turkish''s myths in three separate parts. However، this book does not operate according to the twentieth century mythical critic approach، but in Iran''s myths study، it exhibits modern conclusions and achievements in comparative mythology and in this way، compares unfamiliar Arabic and Turkish''s myths with similar Iranian samples that have not been studied in any research so far. This paper has tried firstly to clarify the myth relation and functioning of mythology in comparative literature and then introduce Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri''s achievements. Then in a more limited scope، it reviews his theories that he received from Iran''s myths. In the end، it shows the existing common points between Persian myths with Arabic and Turkish samples in two sections of religious and historical myths. The purpose of this essay is revealing the potential capabilities of Islamic nations'' myths. It also recommend the necessary changes، which must occur in one-sided and unilateral views of Iranian or Non Iranian mythologists.

Imagery is one of the basic subjects in the domain of aesthetics of text، which has been noticed by the men of literary taste and art from the past. The poets have regarded imagery as the integral part of their poetry and the critics have analyzed and investigated the literary works from this perspective. Imagery criticism، especially in the temporary era، has been attended to by the men of literature. Furthermore، Ashurai poetry، as an enormous portion of the nationally committed literary heritage، has always represented Ashura. This literary art has always been after beautiful and obvious depicting in form and content of the events and causes of this enormous movement. Clarifying this part of the literary beauties in the contemporary Ashurai poetry is the aim of the present study using an analytic-descriptive methodology and based on the American school principles of the comparative literature. For this purpose، we investigated the poems composed by over 40 poets in the last century of the two nations. To this end، after extracting metaphorical images from the selected poems of the two cited languages، with equal number of these poems، the researchers applied tables and figures to provide the reader with a suitable statistical view of the issue. The results revealed the width and variety of the images in Persian poetry، the innovation and presentation of the new images in Persian more that English، the outstanding presence of the romantic and mystical elements in Persian Ashurai poetry، and the variety and vastness of the elements composing these images in Persian poetry.

One of the important subjects in Sohrab Sepehri’s poems is the philosophy of education and his attention to the basic aspect of human existence. This subject is important because Sepehri had a great shift in his literary and practical life since 1340’s. The goal of research: This research shows that Sohrab Sepehri was under the influence of phenomenological educational approaches and there are great similarities between Fromm’s and Sepehri’s views in the poetical works like Shargh-e-Andooh (East of Sadness)، Seday-e-Pay-e-ab (The Sound of Water’s Foot)، Mosafer (Traveler)، Hajm-e-Sabz (Green Space)، and Ma Hich Ma Negah (We Nothing، We Look). According to this research، like Fromm، childhood has a philosophical concept for Sepehri. Childhood equals intuition and direct understanding of phenomena، gaining personal experience and freedom. Satisfying the human instincts is the first stage of gaining individuality، and maturity is the time of overcoming instincts، thinking dependence، escaping from imitation. Fighting with habits، opposition to imposed education، admiration of loneliness and acceptance of death show great similarities between Sohrab Sepehri and Erich Fromm’s views.

Comparative literature is a branch of literature that considers the literary relation and influences of the countries. Scholar of comparative literature sits between two or more branches and records the literary-cultural transfers. This article is an attempt to study the cultural and story similarities between two the literary works; an Iranian and a French. «Leili o Majnoun»، Nezami’s literary work and «Cyrano de Bergerac»، Rostand’s piece have commons aspects about the content and the personality of their heroes; platonic love is the most important element in these literary works. Among the other similarities، we can represent the reality of their stories and the common literary structure. In spite of the similarities، we should consider the differences of the heroes in their manner of love-affair. An innocent love is another common point between these masterpieces، which finished with the death of heroes، Majnoun and Cyrano. In this article، we try to expand these similarities and the differences with a comparative consideration in order to conquer a new horizon.

MaqamateHamidi is a good example of a text، which has emerged out of the previous culture and literature. This book has turned into a broad site in which various texts have been mixed in such a way that it represents an extensive array of genres. The main purpose of this study is the discovery and analysis of the intertexual relations in Maqamate Hamidi. To achieve this aim، we investigated twenty three Maqams in this this book in the light of Gerard Jeant’s Transtexuality Theory. The results indicated that MaqamateHamidi is a good example of intertexuality in a sense that different allusions to the Holy Quran are made، and also Arabaic poetry is extravagantly is used. Moreover، Hamidi’s book is greatly modeled on Hamadani and Harriri’s works، which attest to the intertextual nature and diversity of voices within this book. This intertexuality reinforces the coherence of meaning in this text، which is in line with Gerard Jeant’s Intertexuality Theory.

One of the important topics in many literary works is “love”. In the literature، the authors have provided specific definitions for love. Many of the authors have drawn virtual love and some others have pictured a real one. Among the writers whose works have addressed the issue of love is the Russian writer and the great thinker، Tolstoy. Between 1880 and 1904، when the shadow of moral crisis was over the world، Tolstoy founded a new religion by presenting a new definition of love، and presented a new definition of faith and morality according. Romain Rolland، the French writer، reading the works of Tolstoy and thinking about them، was fascinated by the opinions of this Russian author. After getting familiar with Tolstoy’s religion and morality، which was indicative of the real love، Rolland tried to reflect his beliefs in his works and present a new picture of love. The best example of his religious beliefs is the novel Jean-Christophe. In this study، first we are going to get familiar with Tolstoy’s religious and moral beliefs though defining his new religion، and then study the manifestation of love on his novel Jean-Christophe by using those beliefs.

Gothic terminology (vocabulary) is an adjective، which implies a thing that is related to “Got”. Gothic also is the name of a genre، which has been created from the 1760s to 1820s and correlated with the readers¢ uncommon imagination، dreams، nightmares & inner thaughts. Usually milieu of this genre is closed castle، ruins and dierelict lands. Gothic literature should be numerated as a branch of rheumatism or pre- rheumatism school. Gothic tales usually are dim stories of enigmas، apprehensions and extraordinary matters، which are formed around a hidden & trightfull mystery. Apprehension، frighty & deeth are three important elements of them. Indeed، Gothic was an architectural & sculpture style about Goth tribe that، in addition to the art of architecture، has entered into the story literature. Nowadays، Gothic literature is an important part in the word literature، which we can not understand the modern literature without understanding it. The present research tries to survay the elements، structure and content of Gothic stories through descriptive-analytic way and with the use of library sources.