نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 10 (پاییز 1393)

Nowadays sustainable tourism development is considered a driving force to develop and improve quality of life in developing communities. Simultaneous to tourism development that has been caused inconceivable changes in political، economic and cultural conditions as well as human life style and tourism destinations infrastructures. The changes in these destinations take place periodically. The above mentioned changes normally make the way for constant boost or decline in tourism in these destinations. Doing so، to have a complete understanding of a destination lifecycle can contribute the managers and planners to improve sustainable tourism and prevent instability، decline and imbalanced development. Henceforth، the essay is to provide a sustainable answer to this key question: what level of development the rural regions of historical and cultural potentials are in based on the Lifecycle Assessment Model. Toward developing a practical assessment method and evaluating the tourism development process in seven historical and cultural villages of Iran in a specific time span، this essay has been applied analytic-descriptive method and has made enquiries from people، officials and tourists in the target villages. The above-mentioned results reveal that all target villages based on the Lifecycle Assessment Model six stages، all villages are on the right path of development with overall score of 0/444. Doing so، tourism process in target villages accompany with a considerable increase in tourism related activities and in case of sound management and proper planning، it would be possible to curb unstable and counter-productive tourism development effects in the target villages and pave the way for rural tourism survival.

In this study، the role of self-efficacy and social support in the environmental behavior of residents in Darband area was evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of local residents in protecting the environment in and around their dwelling places in response to the region''s unplanned tourism developments. A total of 80 local residents attended a meeting organized for the purpose of this study، 60 male and 20 female. The participants completed a questionnaire designed in line with General Social Survey (GSS) principles and assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) Scale. The results of this study indicate a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and environmental behavior (0/05> P). Moreover، there is a reverse relationship between the impact of unplanned tourism development program and social support (0/01>P) with a significant negative relationship. The perception of social support has a direct impact on propels and appears to prevent inappropriate environmental behavior. Research could pave the way allowing tourism development compatible with Environmental protection which has general social support.

The analysis of quality of civil environment has been considered as the first stepd towards the accomplishment of quality administration process in residential areas. Today’s situation of towns makes the authorities study، analyze، and estimate the qualities of towns and cities from different aspects. This will cause recognition of requirements needed to accomplish the job while، on the other hand، a wise& purposeful plan will be obtained to eliminate the defects & promote the urban life qualities، as well. Therefore، this study has compared the tourist town of «Shaandiz» with the non-tourist town of «Chenaran» in view of influence of tourist attractions on the level of living. Trying to learn about the nature and characteristics of living qualities in «Shaandiz» and to compare them with non-tourist town (lacking tourist attractions so that hardly attracts travelers and visitors) of «Chenaran». The study is up to find a proper response to the question: can tourism cause the promotion of the level of living or in another word، how and to what extent; can tourism make changes to the standards of living within urban communities? Now، based on the question that has been raised as a main question، some other questions that may raise are as follow: How different is the standard of living in tourist town of Shandiz with non-tourist town of Chenaran? Which one of the five living standard components i. e. social partnership، residential area، hygiene، pastime activities، employment and income is of higher importance،?

Currently، tourism industry is considered as one of the most attractive and profitable industries in the world and advertising in this field has an important role. One of the widest and cheapest advertising media is Internet. Through Internet advertising، we can achieve the potential tourists with lower cost and tracking tourists in this way is much easier. Since a small number of studies have been done about the effectiveness of online advertising in tourism industry، the present study provides an evolved model to evaluate the effective factors of interactive banners and their effectiveness on attracting the potential tourists and to investigate the relationships between these factors.

One of the most important issues in the realm of advertising is the evaluation of ad effectiveness. On the other words، to what extent the ad in which some budget is allocated to it، can attain to our determined goals. In a new glance، commercial ad can attract the tourists'' attention and interest to the advertised products. This study is to use an experiment to examine the effect of ad containing Islamic teachings on tourists'' purchase intention. Islamic teachings used in in this study are two Quranic revelations about human dignity and avoiding lavishment. A Sample of 208 toursits visiting Mazandaran province is used.

Many studies have suggested that development and promotion of tourism is a source of new employment، revenues، additional tax receipts، foreign exchange benefits، and enhances community infrastructure that will، in turn، attract other industries. Tourists'' entrance to a country، either in national or in regional level، not only، can increase currency income، tax، employment and economic factors، but also، can lead to regional development and encouraging the investment in diverse parts of society. In this way، tourism is a powerful way for national development. The tourism income is one of important factor for providing financial resources for other infrastructure parts of the society. Tourism is a multidimensional issue، which has communication with various factors، organizations and institutes. The most active elements in tourism industry include governmental organizations، private sections (merchants and investors) non-governmental organizations and international organizations، universities and academic institutes (educational institutes)، tourists، host people، and tourist destination (tourism attraction). These active factors are playing key roles in tourism development، interactively. It might be claimed that a lack of useful relationship and coordination between the mentioned factors، prevents Iran''s tourism industry development and achievement، while it has international situation and potentials in tourism. Tourism industry can be used as a dynamic industry، besides other activities and services for approaching economic، social، political and cultural aims. Long times ago، cities were the most important regions for tourism industry، but urban places attraction is not enough for tourism development. Therefore it is necessary that other pillars and factors related to tourism industry including organizations، institutions and also people of the society of tourism destination provide some conditions for attracting tourists from other areas and countries. Tourism industry has been changed from a local and intra-border activity to an international and effective phenomenon in economic، cultural and political، universal dimensions، during past 50 years. Tourism is considered as a new industry، greatly، and maybe inadequate familiarity and knowledge about tourism are the main reasons for not paying enough attention to this industry in many third world societies. Accompanying with the development of tourism industry، different sciences، especially human and social sciences، have been done a large body of studies about the impacts of human relationship and interactions on the development and evolution of this industry. The notion of social capital، as a sociological notion، has been studied in dealt with tourism industry. In this regard، the effect of social capital on host society tendency to tourist entrance has been evaluated in this study. Social capital، rarely، being used in tourism studies and has not been considerable attention to the role of social capital in development of tourism purposes. All of studies have same view that social capital is an important factor in extending social participation and local tourism industry development. Tendency of host people to tourist entrance، paper as an important factor for tourism development، has been evaluated in this paper. The behavior and action of host society''s residents in cooperation with tourists will have considerable effect in tourism industry، undoubtedly. Yasouj is one of southwestern cities of Iran. It is the capital of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province and has been located in cool climate. Existing relatively high degree of raining and sowing، Yasouj has great water resources. The Yasouj waterfall is the most important tourism attraction is the Yasouj city، which located 2 kms faraway from its north side and attract Iranian and foreign tourists. Mehreyan strait and Kakan sky pist are the other important tourism places. According to increasing of tourist''s entrance to Yasouj during recent years، this research aimed to study the effect of factors such as social capital، age، gender، of Yasouj residents on their tendency towards tourist entrance. Using survey method، based on Lin sampling table (Lin، 1976)، 382 persons were estimated as sample size and selected by classified multi-stage random sampling method. The research tool for gathering data was the researcher-made questionnaire. The construct validity with factorial analysis method and Coronboach Alpha were used، respectively، for evaluation of validity and reliability of questionnaire. The data were analyzed via SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (frequency، percent and average) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient، independent samples T test، two variables and multi variables regression) were used for data analysis. Findings showed that there was significant relationship between social capital، age، (independent variables) and tendency towards tourist''s entrance. There was a significant relationship between dependent variable and variables such as gender and marital situation. Independent variables، totally، have been explained more than 5. 8 percentages of dependent variable''s variance.

Nowadays، tourism is considered as one of the most lucrative industries in the world. This industry has been considered as a valuable source for bringing revenues، creating jobs، and developing the infrastructure. Tourism is has a lot of potentials in making new businesses and it can help to develop employment and entrepreneurship. Therefore، this study aims to research the effect of tourism industry on entrepreneurship. Twenty six countries which are similar in the number of tourists have been selected and also an econometric model has been estimated during 2004-2012 by STATA (13). The empirical results state meaningful and positive impact of tourism، international trade، foreign direct investment، openness and education upon development of entrepreneurship.

In most cases urban tourism space is more limited and smaller than the total area of the city. Urban tourism planning requires an accurate knowledge of the city tourism spaces. This space is composed of three patterns; Linear، point and area that significant by the tourists moving process. Determination of the Tourism Special Route is an approach for determining the density of tourist movement in the existing and optimal status. The aim of determination Tourism Special Route is social-locative management of these areas. In the present study، method is proposed for determining Tourism Special Route by using a combination of linear patterns، spot patterns and the tourists moving process. The methodology is descriptive-analytic by using GIS. results show that the spatial pattern suitable for determining of the Tourism Special Route، in the first stage; should have a systematic approach to all elements involved in this issue، To consider the attractiveness of tourism، Should follow the tourists Prioritize In travel choosing in the city، Should be considered the Principles and Criteria in the selection of optimal Route And finally Include the Maximum of density of tourist movement in the existing and optimal status.

In an era of sustainable development، it is necessary to develop a pattern of tourism industry، like other sectors in line with the definition of sustainability paradigm. An appropriate balance between the economic effects of tourism and the non-renewable resources of tourist production has to be found if destinations are to retain their completive advantage in terms of visitor flow attractiveness، differentiation from competitors، quality of tourist experience and local citizen wellbeing’. Mobility since strong effects on economic sustainability، environmental and social areas، a fundamental rethink of strategy making and tourist''s destinations and technical improvements in the transport sector (infrastructure and facilities) Sustainable tourism mobility is impossible. Tourism industry cannot growth without appropriate infrastructure and services. A growing sensitivity and awareness of these issues in the modern consumer society makes tourists take up ethical consumption over the past and choices in travel and tourism have a friendly and supportive environment. This study aims to investigate attitudes of tourism residence owners towards sustainable tourist mobility. This study is the first investigation on the subject of sustainable tourist mobility in the tourism sector in Iran. A total of 121 tourist residence owners in the cities of Noor، Mahmudabad and Babolsar in Mazandaran province were selected by simple random sampling. The method was survey and questionnaires were used to collect the data. Discussions and This study has shown that small-scale and local community is sensitive towards sustainable tourism and sustainable tourist mobility. However، the sensitivity and awareness of its implications provide an opportunity for policy makers in tourism and sustainable transport system. Research findings suggest that owner’s tourism resorts were supportive of sustainable tourist mobility. Furthermore، attitude’s owner’s tourism resorts towards sustainable tourist mobility are varied by age and education. Finally، employment history، number of passengers during the summer or non summer holidays has minimum relationship with tendency towards sustainable tourist mobility. Overall، the present study is the first investigation in connection with the issue of sustainable tourist mobility and its importance in tourism industry in Iran، it shows that although small-scale and local community are sensitive towards sustainable tourist mobility. However، the sensitivity and awareness of its implications provide an opportunity for policy makers in tourism and sustainable transport system. Policies for sustainable mobility transport and sustainable tourism development requires close collaboration between stakeholders in these sectors. In this study it was proposed to develop the Sustainable tourism mobility، including: Transport and tourism authorities must cooperation for development of sustainable tourist mobility. The transport sector and tourism industry offer a customer – oriented choice of high quality، healthy and environmental means of transports. All relevant information about travel destinations and travel services of tourists are available to tourists.

Tourism Destination Branding is relatively one of the new strategies to attract tourists. Although this approach has been introduced earlier in the field of marketing، it is possible to apply its potentials to tourism places and destinations as well. Branding of tourism destinations is an effective tool for marketing because brand can give identity and personality to the destination and can distinguish it from other tourist destinations. Among the factors considered in branding are satisfaction and loyalty tourism. In this research، we attempted to empirically examine tourist satisfaction and loyalty according to the model of “Consumer-Based Brand Equity for a Tourism Destination”. This research is based on a survey carried out on 100 foreign tourists who visited Isfahan in 1392. The results of the research show that tourist awareness and recognition of Isfahan and the Image of Isfahan as a tourism destination among tourists has an important role in the perceived quality of tourist services. On the other hand، the image which tourists have in their minds and recalling it، not directly but through perceived value and perceived quality has an impact on tourists'' satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has a strong relationship with tourist loyalty in destination that represents with likelihood of revisiting or recommends Isfahan to others. All in all، this research shows that it is possible to apply the model of “Brand Equity” as an organized framework to understanding effective mechanisms on satisfaction and loyalty of tourist.