نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 12 (بهار 1394)

To succeed in tourism industry، tourists and their behaviors should be studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tourists'' satisfaction and destination image on their visit intentions in the short، medium and long term، to evaluate the tourists return process and identification their behavior in Tehran city. These variables are considered as factors influencing on their intentions to either return or not return. The study is of applied research، and in terms of the purpose، is a descriptive research. The statistical population of the research is all of the tourists visiting Tehran city in the summer of 2013. For this purpose، a sample of 390 people was selected using convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data for which the reliability and validity was assessed using Cronbach''s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. The conceptual framework of the research was examined using the structural part of the structural equation model، called path analysis. Results indicate that there are significant differences between satisfaction and intentions to visit at different intervals depending on the people''s destination image. Satisfaction has impact on intentions to return in the short term but in the medium term، the impact is less. People destination image in short – term creates a willingness to visit the destination، yet in long – term، such impact becomes less.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of tourism destination attachment on the tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The statistical population of this study includes (consists of) the inbound tourists who have traveled to Isfahan in November of 2013. A sample of 200 tourists has been selected from this population. The sampling method was simple random sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire has been used for collecting the research data. This questionnaire that has been developed based on literature review includes 34 questions for measuring research variables and demographic ones. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire have been examined and confirmed in this study. In order to analyze the research data and test the research hypotheses، both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in the SPSS and Lisrel. The results of this study revealed that tourism destination attachment influences the tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty significantly. In addition، the results showed that the tourists’ satisfaction also significantly influences their loyalty to tourism destination. Finally، the results indicated that cognitive loyalty influences both affective and conative loyalty and also affective loyalty influences conative loyalty significantly.

Nowadays، despite the fact that development of internet offers a variety of benefits to tourism and hospitality industry، the challenging point for the supply side is that the degree of customers’ loyalty in the virtual milieu has decreased as compared with the traditional one. This issue places emphasis on gaining a better understanding of e-loyalty concept and its influencing factors so as to develop effective marketing strategies. The first purpose of the present investigation is to identify quality dimensions of websites providing accommodation services in hotels as one of the relevant factors to the process of making customers loyal. To examine the role of past experience of online hotel reservation in moderating the intensity of relationships between the variables، statistical population were classified into two groups of potential and existing customers. The former’s data were gathered through random sampling and the latter’s without sampling in a way that whole statistical population were invited to participate in the survey. The data collected by self-reported questionnaires were analyzed through such methods as ANOVA، exploratory factor analysis، and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares approach. The findings obtained indicate that the most significant dimensions of e-quality are: responsiveness and fulfillment، security، website design and functionality. Based on the findings of the model for the both groups of customers، e-quality has a significant positive impact on e-trust، e-loyalty and e-satisfaction and on the other hand، the same impact holds true for e-trust on e-loyalty. The distinctions between two groups are that for the existing customers، e-satisfaction influences significantly e-trust، while for the potential customers، e-satisfaction influences significantly e-loyalty، compared to their counterpart group. The analysis of past experience of online hotel reservation also suggests that this variable does not moderate the relationships between e-trust and e-quality as well as e-trust and e-loyalty.

This article explores the factors having impact on the development of religious tourism in Iran. The paper describes the concept، the characteristics and the particularities of religious tourism and its importance in the multidimensional development of the country، with due attention to the prospects of religious tourism in Iran. The article seeks to elaborate on the main question: what are the factors that influence the development of religious tourism in the country? What strategies could be formulated and implemented for the development of religious tourism in Iran? Based on the analytical model of the research، it analyzes the role of material and moral supports and their impact on the development of religious tourism of the country. In this study، moral and material supports are regarded as independent variable and the development of religious tourism in Iran is considered as the dependent variable. In order to scrutinize on the main question، and to examine the consistency and reliability of the questionnaire the opinions of scholars associated with the Iranian Cultural Heritage، Handicrafts and Tourism as well as those of the Iranian National Center for Globalization Studies in Tehran are tested and measured by using the Cronbach’s alpha in view of investigating the results of the statistical analysis of the relationship between the material and moral supports and the development of tourism in the country

The social capital concept is proposed as Interdisciplinary concept in both social and economic analysis of communities'' development especially in tourism extension. This study aims at analyzing Ilam''s citizens'' social capital in tourist attractions. This research is the analytical descriptive and applied one. The statistical population of the present research consists of Ilam''s citizens and its tourists in 2014-2015. The sampling method is categorical random way in combination with 323 people amongst Ilam''s families and 242 people for tourists was conducted. The data collection tool includes social capital and tourists'' questionnaire. The results of analysis of hypotheses reveals that there is a meaningful relationship between Ilam''s citizens social capital and tourists attractions. The finding of regression test shows That all three dimensions، i. e، relational، structural and cognitive of social capital have effects on tourists attractions، so that the cognitive dimension، itself does some changes about 88% in the dependent variable of tourist attraction. Also، the structured and relational dimensions in social capital made totally 60 percent change in the dependent variable and at last، the three relational، cognitive and structural variables were 63 percent.

During the last 50 years، tourism، as a new industry، revealed a considerable potential for economic development; So that the international receipt for this newly developed but popular industry was US$ 1159 b. in 2013، declared by UNWTO. On the other hand، the emergence of mobile technology paved the way to use and provide new services. Therefore، many nations and governments seize the opportunity to offer more appropriate services، yet looking for other tactics to encourage the users to adopt mobile services. The present study aims to explore a conceptual framework that explains the factors influencing tourist acceptance of mobile services. A survey methodology was used to gather data for this descriptive research. The participants include the domestic tourists visiting Tehran tourist attractions (Sa’ad-Abad Complex، Golestan Complex، Milad Tower، Ghasr Complex، and 27th International Book Fair). Convenience sampling was used and data was collected by a questionnaire which was comprised of two different sections: in the first part consisting of 11 questions، participants were required to provide the demographic information، and the second section consisted of 30 questions، tries to explore the factors underlining the impact of mobile services adoption. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to explore the reliability of the questionnaire. Then، the data analysis was done through Structural Equation Modeling technique (SEM)، confirmatory factor analysis، and Pearson correlation technique. Discussion and According to the findings of this research، three out of six initial hypotheses were accepted. In other words، the relationship between tourists’ perceptions (of usefulness، ease of use and trust)، and their intention to use mobile services and also the relationship between their self-efficacy and their intention the services was significant. Furthermore، a significant relationship between tourists’ intention to use mobile services and the adoption of the so called services was discovered. However، the relationship between social influences and intention to use mobile services، speed of connection and their intention، and tourists’ intention to use mobile services and their adoption was not significant. Tourists’ perceptions (perceived usefulness، perceived ease of use، and perceived trust) and their self-efficacy positively influence their intention to use mobile services، which influence the adoption of these services. However، social influences، speed of connection and costs have no impact on tourists’ intention and use of mobile services.

It should be considered that tourism in addition to having various positive economic consequences can also have devastating social consequences such as overuse of energy resources، increase in congestion and traffic، security shrinking، increase in waste production and loss of animal and plant habitats. Among destructive outcomes of tourism، the energy consumption transformed to discussed and key matter because of existence of global limitations of energy resources. So that problem of energy has been proposed as Pervasive theme in today societies. Given the importance of consumption in modern times، also pivotal role of human in consumption and influencing of different factors on this concept and on the more accurate word، consumable behavior of human and the lack of empirical work in this area، the purpose of research is studying of influencing factors on the management of energy consumption’ owners of tourist resorts. In fact، major question of research is what factors are influence on the management of energy consumption’ owners of tourist resorts? In this research to analyze the factors influencing on the management of energy consumption’ owners of tourist resorts، it used sociological model of pro-environmental behavior. With this model، it considered difference of behavior، attitude، understanding، and especial knowledge in the energy consumption area. The method was survey and questionnaires were used to collect the data. A total of 121 tourist residence owners in the cities of Noor، Mahmudabad and Babolsar in Mazandaran province were selected by simple random sampling. Field studies show that the major motivation’ tourists to travel into these areas is exploitation of natural components for this reason it called ecotourism. Therefore، selecting of these cities is because of the natural areas that it has doubled importance of to preserve these resources. Reliability of questions assessed using cronbach ‘s Alpha Coefficient. Discussion and Results showed that understanding of energy consumption has greatest importance and in contrast attitude towards energy consumption has lowest importance to owners oftouristresorts. Results showed that only knowledge of energy consumption among other variables has relationship with management of energy consumption. Also these variables explained about 36% of changes of management of energy consumption. With regards to high knowledge of energy consumption’ owners of tourist resorts and while it expects that knowledge of energy consumption influences on management of energy consumption، and these two variables are linked، based on the results، such expectation is not meet. Now، the question is that why is there no relation between these two variables? It should consider that when word of knowledge comes، we should know that knowledge wasn’t a unity and coherent category and it has various states and types. In relation with policy making and programming suggests that despite not relationship between knowledge of energy consumption and management of energy consumption among owners of tourist resorts، applied educations has important role in their behavior to manage energy consumption. It means that whatever people being great familiar with various dimensions of management of energy consumption، they will have great engaging behavior toward management of energy consumption. This suggests that tourism organization can change behavior’ owners of tourist resorts to efficiency consumption with keeping its previous approach and through applied education of management of energy consumption. Also it suggests for future researches، it measures effect of external factors on management of energy consumption’ owners of tourist resorts with more accurately and more variables.

In the contemporary world، tourism is considered as a factor for improving the quality of life in developing countries. Today، with regard to the issue of global warming and environmental pollution، which has been considered by NGOs around the world، industrialized countries of the world، so huge budgets are devoted to this issue and industries are requiring to obtain the ISO 14001management systems in relation to environmental aspects and since today tourism is identified as an industry، understanding climate change and support of mitigation and adaptation policies are not excluded this industry compared to other industries. To implement mitigation and adaptation policies is required stakeholder collaboration in the tourism industry. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes tourism residence owners towards climate change and their support of mitigation and adaptation policies. A total of 121 tourist residence owners in the cities of Noor، Mahmudabad and Babolsar in Mazandaran province were selected by simple random sampling. The method was survey and questionnaires were used to collect the data. Research findings suggest that tourism resort owners have limited cognition to this phenomenon. But they have misconceptions about the term of climate change. Also، respondents were supportive mitigation and adaptation policies. One of the results was attitude towards climate change were different based age، education and duration of employment but there was no different in support of mitigation and adaptation policies. There was weak positive relationship between attitude and support of mitigation and adaptation policies. Tourist resort owners for having Place of residence had a decisive role in the area of ​​environmental sustainability. Construction of residence in accordance with environmental standards، facilities of efficient consumption of energy and water and having the health environment can play an important part in reducing environmental pollution and clean environment. In this context، it is proposed to develop tourism in the country; especially in Mazandaran province has more natural talents in the field of tourism، government agencies and private sector tourism particular attention should be strengths and weaknesses، and interactions with the environment and natural cover and ecosystems.

In different countries of the world rural tourism is known as catalysts for reconstruction and social development in rural areas. This is a developmental study conducted in descriptive- analytical method in 2013; it generally aims at investigating the role of rural truism in promoting the psychological and social abilities of rural peoples in Meshkin shahr. Statistical society includes both rural of contain own to tourist and rural of uncontained tourist. The sample size includes 169villagers. In addition، for attainment to test and result correspondence 164 rural peoples of residing in Sarbnalr village elected. Data collection is done through a questionnaire in a survey method. Study results from t test regarding the psychological and social characteristics of the two group show that there is no significant relation between the variable of responsibility، self-confidence and self-reliance and the independent variable. but the expansion of rural tourism is significantly related with some other variables including motivation، creativity، social participation، empowerment، social consolidation.

The present study is to investigate the determining effects of tourists، behavior model on how social behavior of citizens in Hamedan city. This research has been shaped by the question how much influence the pattern of tourists behavior on how social behavior of Hamedan citizens. For example: talking، eating، dressing، personal cleaning are collection of social behavior. Therefore، based on a random sample was selected from among their sample. We chose 267questionnaires from residents of Hamadan. The scale consisted of 6 demographic questions and25 questions are on social behavior. The test is based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality review has been were. Then single-sample T test research hypotheses with the success ratio among the five hypotheses confirmed two theories and hypotheses second، third and fourth were rejected. Friedman test was used to rank the factors and data analysis performed using SPSS software. The result tourism behavior pattern how socializing and personal grooming has influence on the citizens of Hamadan. Tourism behavior pattern how talking، eating، wearing clothing has not been effective on the citizens of Hamedan.