نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 14 (پاییز 1394)

Nowadays tourism industry is the world’s third profitable industry after the oil and the automotive industries. Moreover it is anticipated to become the first in the world by 2020. Here in from like other developing countries, despite a high potential for tourism, it has not benefited from tourism-related opportunities. However, tourism industry, as the main source of currency for the country, plays a major role in economic growth and solving problems including youth employment and also monetary and financial problems. Given the successful experience of numerous countries its tremendous impact on the economic development of countries we used nonlinear Markov- Switching models to investigate the influence of seasonal tourism on economic growth of Iran (1995-2010). Findings of the present study suggested a positive significant relationship between tourism revenues and economic growth (in Iran). As well, investment and inflation have respectively positive and negative impact on economic growth.

The inherent problem lying with the lack of development in Iranian tourism industry prompted the author of the current research paper to put forward the hypothesis that it would probably be possible to find a solution through comparing the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with those of some developed countries. It is hoped that research projects like the present one can help get this overwhelmingly important industry get moving. For this purpose, the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran and some developed countries on such areas as visa issuance, customs roles, transportation, cargo and passenger transfer laws, transit insurance and issues related to the judiciary and the courts were compared and contrasted. The current research project ends with an answer to the question: "Can a comparative study of the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and some developed western countries open a way into helping the Iranian tourism industry in order for it to thrive?" To answer the above question, one can safely say that "the laws and regulations of the Islamic Republic of Iran on tourism are thorough in terms of being parts of the Iranian international laws." A proper implementation of such laws, however, can contribute to not only evaluation of laws regarding tourism industry in the Islamic Republic of Iran but it can help introduce new techniques and initiatives in the process of sustainable tourism development.

Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity and is the world’s fastest growing industry. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases being of vital importance. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012 and International tourism receipts grew to US$1.07 trillion in 2013. In this industry, Marine and coastal tourism has been the fastest growing in the world. This large market is not equal among world countries. Development of tourism in the countries depends to different factors that the most important is political ideology. The political-economical atmosphere and even social and cultural aspects a country impress from state’s political ideology. The tourism as a social-economical phenomenon a lot of is affected from the political ideology. Stagnancy or strenuous this industry a lot of depends on to it. Iran is one of the oldest world civilization and countries. Iran is vast country and the landscapes of Iran are diverse. Iran has diverse climates and more than 2700 kilometers beach. So, this country has a lot of touristic attractions. But, Iran does not have fit rank in attracting international tourist and receipts in region and world. The problem of research is that what has affected Iran’s political ideology on its tourism industry. Why Iran has not any notable contribution from the world market of tourism, although it has a lot of environments and historical-cultural attractions.

The reality of current world is captured by the virtual world. Nowadays, reference groups have been transferred from real world to virtual world and comments or recommendations are often shared on online networks and prior sources of knowledge such as official institutions have become less important. The new communicative world not only connects us together but also puts us in the same situation. In fact, the media and social networks are potentially able to offer us tourism destinations. Common activities such as sharing photos and travel experiences, likes and comments connect users to social networks when they travel together and choose their tourism destinations. This article investigates the relationship between participation and activity in the Iranian Tourism virtual networks with Status of user’s social capital in tourism virtual networks. Accordingly, the main question of this article is that: what’s the impact of sharing the travel experiences, likes, comments and other activities in tourism virtual social networks on virtual social capital in these networks? Data collection method in this article based on survey method with online questionnaire that 338 members of registered users were questioned by non-random snowball sampling method. Fist, in order to make contact with users, we discussed and consulted with the Networks Administrators by the snowball method and finally, it was decided that we go into the list of member's network due to the not available and non-recording users email address in their profile and we are ads Information on our research through chat rooms. So online interviews were conducted in both Simultaneous and asynchronous. In this way, first, we make communicated with tourism virtual networks users through chat rooms and we sent online questionnaire to the online user. Then if User-selectable was not online, we sent Designed questionnaire file to the chat room and we were waiting their answer. Discussion and The results indicated that virtual social capitals of users in Iranian Tourism networks are in upward average level. In this regard, three hypothesis of four basic hypotheses were confirmed and only one hypothesis was not confirmed. This means that in the first hypothesis, the Variables of duration of user’s activity, in second hypothesis, the amount of their Participation and the number of their travel suggestions and finally In third hypothesis, the number of user’s travels had a significant relationship with their virtual social capital. But, the variable of tourism exploratory-organized had not a significant relationship with the virtual social capital. This means that the tendency of tourist users to tourism exploratory-organized doesn’t make difference in Amount of their virtual social capital. The following, Fifth hypothesis test results showed that from sum of the user's individual characteristics (gender, age, marital status, Educational Degree and Occupation), two variables of Educational Degree and Occupation have significant relationship with amount of their virtual social capital in tourism network and the variables of gender, age and marital status haven’t significant relationship with amount of their virtual social capital in tourism network. The Analysis of findings indicates that connective networks, individual’s support of each other and user’s trust in these networks is increasing. The accumulation of social capital in virtual space increases the role and impact of tourism virtual networks. All this shows that events future happen in virtual space. In this regard, also the research findings showed that how tourism destinations recommended by users. As nearly half of users (48/5 percent) have responded that they share their travels photos and videos after returning from a travel. connective networks between users in tourism virtual networks is very important, because 31/7 percent of users have stated that they can count on the help of their friends networks at the time of confrontation with problems. Even 42/4 percent of users have stated that they programming groups travel with their friend's network and only 30/6 percent of them hadn’t the same experience. Generally, confirming research hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between the Variables of duration of user’s activity and the amount of users Participation in networks and users virtual social capital shows that Active Users and with high participation have more social capital than users with lower activity and participation and they can as potential travelers to be more precise planning. In this way, it can manage tourism in real space to suit the status of activity and participation of user's networks.

The health of efficient human resources is considered as an important factor in any system. Taking into account the social health of human resources as a valuable capital is also an important factor in actualization of talents and creativity and the avoidance of occupational burnout. Occupational burnout is additionally a quite common phenomenon in many jobs and occupations which can endanger employees’ health and well-being in different forms. The present study aims to examine the relationship between social health and occupational burnout among the employees of four and five star hotels in Mashhad. The modern human has to bear some constraints and pressures in the process of adaptation to social and occupational environments. Therefore, jobs may cause dissatisfaction and disadaptation and consequently the person may experience a deviation from his/her natural and normal routine and suffer depression. Different aspects of individuals’ occupational duties and responsibilities can potentially be stressful for them, the most common of which are role ambiguity, role conflict, overwork, conflicting relations with colleagues and supervisors, and incongruity between occupational resources and occupational demands. Relatively speaking, each of occupational burnout factors in jobs and workplaces could have tangible and considerable psychological, social, behavioral and physiological consequences for individuals which somehow undermine the efficiency and proficiency of people. Social health is also one of the major factors in human growth and development and indicates how an individual evaluates his/her performance in the society and environment in which he/she lives. Since human resources are regarded as the most important factors effective in any institution and organization, their social health is one of the key issues in any society. In fact, special attention should be given to it in any civil society as a part of a culture. Since Mashhad metropolis hosts a large number of pilgrims every year due to the existence of the shrine of Imam Reza (AS), passengers’ travelling in this metropolis is clearly evident which is continual and although it reaches its peak on holidays, it constantly continues during the year despites the ups and downs. Thus, contrary to tourism which is a seasonal process, pilgrimage, which is of course similar to tourism in a general sense, holds a different approach in the development process. Yet, the existence of pilgrim reception structures (efficient or inefficient) in the metropolis, especially at a large scale is currently very obvious which requires a lot of study. The theoretical framework of this study is the joint approach in the field of sociology and social psychology (social health theory of Keyes and occupational burnout theory of Maslach and Jackson). And the theories of De Pelao, White, Grosch and Olson have been used in the field of demographic variables. The preset study has been conducted through survey method. The population consists of all hotel employees in Mashhad metropolis. The sample size is equal to 650 using quantitative Cochran formula (by calculating the variance) and stratified random sampling method has been used for sampling. In this study, the relationship between social health and its dimensions (social unity, social acceptance, social contribution, social adaptation and social actualization) and occupational burnout and its dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment) and their interactive effects have been investigated. Discussion and The results suggest that the employees in three to five star hotels in Mashhad enjoy social health index averagely (41.1%).Moreover, it has been observed that the degree of employees’ occupational burnout is high (42.4 %). The results indicate a significant and reverse relationship between social health, its dimensions and the structure of occupational burnout. The findings also confirm the significant impact of social health on the dimensions of occupational burnout (emotional exhaustion (-0.206), depersonalization (-0.228) and lack of personal accomplishment (-0.113). The regression results show that of social health dimensions, the dimension of social contribution has the greatest direct impact on occupational burnout of employees with the beta value (-0.48). According to the value of variance analysis, 189.256 at the error level smaller than 0.01 is significant and it can be concluded that the regression model of this study consisting of 5 independent variables and one dependent variable (occupational burnout) is a good model. These 5 variables can clarify the degree of occupational burnout and the achieved results can be generalized to the sample. Furthermore, the equation of occupational burnout forecast can clarify 55. 3 percent of the variance of the dependent variable. In the new industry, the development of human resources is considered as one of the concerns of planners in the field of human resources. In addition to selecting and establishing the best human resources, a suitable ground for their maintenance should be provided. In maintaining the up-to-date human resources, occupational pressures are one of the factors that can endanger the social health of human resources. For planning in the field of tourism and optimal use of the existing potential resources in our country in hotel and tourism industries, first, identifying the factors and variables that influence the development of this industry is necessary. It is in the light of good human relations that organizations (hotels) can improve the relationship between people and their teamwork spirit and cause the cooperation among the members of this group. As a result, they can change an organization to a good place to live and work and avoid the occupational burnout of their employees. The proper employment of people in the right jobs, at the right time, in the right place and in the right conditions and environments is one of the pillars of human resource management.

Today, services trivial components of a good economy but are of immense importance in any economy that provides services. An important part that is related to service industry is tourism. In recent years, tourism has had great influence on economic, social and cultural events. As a matter of fact, tourism has now become world's number one service sector industry. In marketing, the most favored strategy is to retain the existing customers and attract new customers. Considering the impact of the services provided and the customer's experiences, it is especially important to consider the complaints of the customers. In fact, an organization can survive if it meets consumers’ needs. In hotel industry there is a high level of interaction between employees and clients; and client's dissatisfaction and complaints may sometimes be completely eliminated. When good services are not provided then inevitably there will be consumer dissatisfaction. Understanding the behavior of consumer complaints as a source of useful information to improve the quality of service is very important for hotels. The purpose of present study is to investigate the customer complaint behavior in hotels. Materials and In the present study, the research and development of e-applications in terms of data collection, descriptive and using survey is conducted. The population of the study consists of customers of three-star hotels and above in the city of Sari who between them 384 people with random sampling were selected. In this study, in order to measure variables a questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part contained information about respondents such as: gender, age, education, marital status and employment status. The second part, customer surveys hotels inemotional intelligence, self-efficacy, tolerance of ambiguity and coping strategies and their impact on customer complaints. In order to measure the validity of the questionnaire factor analysis was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by using Cronbach’s alpha with SPSS16 software which was 0.916. In order to test the hypotheses, research from structural equation modeling was used by using AMOS software. Discussion and The results showed that denial and problem-focused coping have a negative impact, and emotion-focused coping has a positive impact on costumers’ complaints in coping and resolving the problem without complaint. For service providers, the consumers actively solve the problem of dealing with service failure and suppress the emotional part, provide an opportunity to cooperate in the service recovery options. Emotional intelligence has a positive impact on problem and emotion focused coping and negative impact on denial. In other words, customers are better able to manage their emotions and also a failure of settlement services, and the adaptive strategies of avoid anceavoid such as problem-focused and emotion focused. Also both of self-efficacy and ambiguity tolerance have a positive impact on problem-focused coping and negative impact on emotion-focused and denial. Finally results showed that customers’ complaints behavior associated with their gender and women more complain than men. The current research studies the psychology and the behavior of customers in marketing. Previous research on coping with the study results with improved service failure. Particularly, the study focused on three intrinsic impacts on coping strategies, consumer engagement at an event-overshadowed service gives emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and to lerance of ambiguity. Unlike previous studies, the current study did not examine purely functional aspects of a service offense, but its psychological and social aspects. The results showed changes that would happen in the psychological and social aspects.

Extended Abstract :The fact is that wetlands are among the most unique, beautiful, and wonderful natural phenomenona that possess very exquisite, attractive and mysterious features that can attract lots of tourists. Lakes because of their natural and live landscapes, high-quality environment, and their specific properties are one of the most valuable attractions of tourism; they can indeed bring in socio-economic development to the rural regions. The development of the natural tourism in the rural regions is an essential element that could be raised as one the ways to rescue the villages from poverty, immigration, and socio- economic problems. Therefore the goal of the current article is to assess the socio- economic effects of lake tourism on the surrounding rural settlements in the Fars province- Iran. Based on the descriptive- analytic method of research the statistic population of the research selected as the all villages surrounding the lakes of Fars province to the radius of 2 kilometers. Based on this point of view in this study the number of 46 villages and their 9492 families living in were under study and to gain the mentioned goal the Cochran formula(with 95% level of confidence) and the number of 368 families were used as the sample families. On the next step beside the document studies, a vast range of indices with economic and social dimensions were determined and in the frame of field studies (questionnaire, and forms of field observations) were investigated. Also to data analysis the Kendall's statistic method in the SPSS software were used. The results of the research showed that between the socio- economic dimensions and the level of the distance of the villages from the under study lakes with the regard to the Kendall's correlation coefficient (-0.410) and the level of errors (Introduction The development of the natural tourism in the rural regions is an essential element and a new way to rescue the villages from the poverty, immigration, and socio- economic problems. In the most rural regions, because of the dominant agricultural economics and its damageable nature, the attention to the other developmental activities like tourism as the complementary of this section can have a useful role in the empowering the local people and human resources development, diversification of the economic section and its growths, job creation, solving the problem of unemployment, the improvement of the life standards by social services and bridging the gap between urban and rural areas in different fields, and the decreasing the immigration from rural regions to the metropolises. The introduction of the studied area The Fars province by the Sheeraz city as the capital with the area of 124280 has covered 8.1 percent or total area of Iran. This province is located between and degrees of east longitude and between degrees of northern latitude. Research The current investigation as an applied one and used the cross- sectional methods to study the raised parameters. Respecting to the goals of the research that has been the socio- economic effects of the lake tourism on the rural settlements surrounding the Fars province's lakes parallel to the document studies a vast range of the economic and social indices were determined and then were studied in the frame of some field studies(questionnaire and field observation). Also, analyzing the date was done by use of the Kendall's statistical test in the SPSS software. The statistical population was consisting of the all surrounding villages of the lakes of the Fars province in the radius of 2 kilometers. Based on this article 46 villages with 9492 families were investigated. Finally 368 families were determined by use of the Cochran formula (with 95% confidence) as the sample families. The results showed that among the studied components, the indexes of the increasing devotion to the living location(4.40), interaction between villagers and tourists(4.12), village safety(4.11), new job creation(4.04), income increasing(4) were ranked as the highest records. The indices of the conflicts between the villagers and tourists(1.32) disputes(1.40) and disorders like addiction among the youths(1.41) disruptions in the traditional pattern(1.51) changing in patterns and customs(1.67) the level of the confidence to the promises of the authorities(2.7) and the governmental investments(2.77) and the private investment in the villages(2.76) were recorded as the lowest levels. The study of the socio- economic effects of the lake tourism in the 46 under study villages showed that the villages of the Shahrinjan, Pareeshan, Ayaz Abad surrounding the Pareeshan lake, Hayram, Hirmm, Laqaran, Koorih, Karyan, surrounding the lakes of the Hirmm- Karyan and Hayram, Kinarah, Sharq Abad, Chahar Qalat, surrounding the lake of Tashk, Ameer Abad-e Kaftar surrounding the lake of Kaftar, Dasht-e Arjan surrounding the lake of Arjan, and Maharloo- Kohnih, sourrounding the Maharloo lake were under highest levels of socio- economic affects. Also the final results of the Kendall's correlation test studying the socio- economic effects of lake tourism showed that between the socio- economic dimension and the levels of the distance of the villages from the under study lakes and respecting to the Kendall's correlation coefficient(-0.410) the level of the error(< 0.01) there is a significant negative correlation.

Tourism and tourism industry are important parts of sustainable development and known as a tool for improving people’s livelihoods in most developing countries. Rural tourism is now considered as a part of the great industry of tourism as it plays a motive force in the economic growth as well as social development of villages. This industry provides a leading opportunity, can result in the regional economic diversity and providing productive employment opportunities on the basis of the potentials existing in the village, can incur increases in local incomes and population maintenance in the village. Nowadays, one of the most important rural development strategies is tourism as it can help reducing poverty and associates livelihoods opportunities because of tourism’s ability to generate jobs and support income. Iran has great capability and potential in the field of this multi-dimensional industry having more than 75 thousand villages, that some of them posse wonderful historic and natural perspectives. Obviously, rural tourism has many economic and social effects such as preventing the flow of rural migration, raising income levels of rural households and creating demand for agricultural products and handicrafts in countries like Iran. Therefore, recognizing these factors would help better planning for tourism industry development in rural areas. This study aims to analyze socio-economic and environmental effects of rural tourism in Navare village which is located in Kurdistan province with its beautiful environmental view and ecological capacity. Evidence shows that rural tourism in this region has special feature of natural tourism enjoying beautiful environmental perspectives so it could help achieving development goals in this area. With the prevalence of tourism in the province, the development of tourism industry has moderately facilitated local economy and increased the employment opportunity. The village has about 980 residents with 330 households so it was selected as the study area of this research. The main instrument of data collection from the field was a questionnaire that initially its validity and reliability was obtained. Studied population consisted of 120 rural households that selected from total population of the study. The questionnaire’s validity confirmed by a panel of specialist and faculty members and its reliability was measured by a pre-test of questionnaire using Coronbach’s alpha in which it was 0/85 that was acceptable. The acquired data and information analyzed using SPSS software. With regard to the goals of the study, the research method is descriptive and casual analysis fundamentally. A confirmatory factor analysis was used and the structural equation model using the LISREL software also applied to measure different effects of tourism section in the area. LISREL is one SEM technique which combines the concepts of both factor analysis and path analysis and it is appropriate to analyze the data in social and behavioral research fields. The LISREL can simultaneously process multiple sets of variable relationships to estimate the parameters in an entire system of linear equations in a model. Discussions and In order to assess social dimension 10 parameters, economic dimension 15 parameters, and environmental dimension 14 parameters were considered. Although, research findings and observations generally indicate lack of necessary infrastructure including residential locations, catering, recreation and tourism development in the area but the area has high natural capacity for eco-tourism. In the Lisrel model of analysis, Fitness indices are placed into three main groups including: Goodness of Fit index, Comparative Fit Index, and Parsimonious Goodness of Fit index. This study examined variables in the three intended main groups (social- economic and environmental) and then summarized by developing a conceptual model for validation of structural equation models by entering data into the desired end. The model was examined using intended indicators to evaluate three kinds of indices which above mentioned. Research findings reveal that (AGFI = 0.91, GFI= 0.92), (NNFI = 0.91, CFI= 0.90), and (RMSEA= 0.075 and = 1.818). The important factors that have effected rural tourism were social factors such as inceasing people’s awareness, good relationship with tourists, decreaing local solidairty. The next effective factors were in order economic (people imcome and increasing products price) and environmental factors such as environment destruction and polution. Based on the results obtained from factor analysis, three groups of factors including economic, social, and environmental have affected the development of rural tourism in the study area. Among these factors, "social factor" with 0/55 Coefficient effects and 0/30 percent of the total variance, has explained the greatest amount of variance accounted for significant share of the effects of rural tourism. Therefore, the planners and policymakers of rural tourism in order to develop the tourism industry in this area, they should pay attention to socio-economic, and environmental indicators mainly education of local people on tourism absorption, marketing their own local products, quality of their products, introducing village old history to interested people, improving and conserving local environment for development of the area and similar areas.

Extended Abstract :By using an exploratory qualitative approach and purposive sampling, this article probes experiential learning and behavior change through ecotourism activities in Iran. A total of 24 participants in ecotourism activities, mostly organized by three of Iran’s largest tour operators, were interviewed. Participants’ ecotourism learning experiences as well as changes in their behaviors as a result of the activities were recorded and analyzed. A range of experiential learnings and behavior changes through participation in ecotourism activities were revealed. The article discusses these in terms of environmental ethics as well as personal and social development. The learning and educational aspects of travel in general and ecotourism trips in particular have been highlighted in the tourism literature. According to the findings of a growing body of studies on the subject, learning can take place both through direct exposure to educational material and indirectly as a result of the various activities and interactions of participants in ecotourism activities. Demand for nature tourism in Iran is most likely on the rise due to the country’s demographic and urbanization characteristics as well as its wide of range of natural resources. Much of the nature-based tourism activities in Iran probably lacks conservation ethics and should not be characterized as ecotourism. At the same time, the recent boost in the number of specialized eco tours as well as increased academic attention given to the subject and expanding environmental activism in Iran provide evidence for the growing importance of ecotourism in the country. Yet, nature-based recreational activities, including ecotourism, have not been immune to criticism by both social conservatives and professional competitors. It is thus necessary to probe the various effects of Iran’s ecotourism activities. This article highlights the positive aspects of ecotourism in Iran by focusing on participants’ experiential learning and behavior change in terms of environmental ethics as well as personal and social development. These effects have hitherto received inadequate attention in the Iranian tourism literature. Field research for this article benefited from an exploratory qualitative approach and purposive sampling to analyze experiential learning and behavior change though participation in ecotourism activities in Iran. At the outset, three agencies among all operators of eco tours in the country were sampled based on their reputation in terms of service quality, staff professionalism, and focus on ecotourism. Interviewees were selected either from the participants in ecotourism activities organized by one of these agencies or among their acquaintances who met the researchers’ selection criteria. The central selection criterion was participants’ length of experience in ecotourism activities. Since capturing the effects of ecotourism in this research relied on respondents’ recollections, those with either little experience or extensive experience were excluded. For it was assumed that the magnitude of effects would be too small for the former group and too complex for the latter. A total of 24 respondents were eventually interviewed during the spring and summer of 2013. Interview questions were posed in an open manner and sought to record learning and behavior change in terms of environmental ethics as well as personal and social development through gaining more ecotourism experience. Interview results were subsequently transcribed and coded. In an iterative process, the number of codes were then reduced through collapsing and omission of duplications. Discussion and Filed work results indicate significant learning and behavior change among the selected participants in ecotourism activities in terms of conservation attitudes and personal and social development. All respondents reported some form of learning and behavior change through gaining more ecotourism experience. Many of the respondents had joy-based expectations in their first ecotourism trips. Yet, they had eventually come to enjoy comprehending the natural environment and then respecting and appreciating the details of its characteristics. This new understanding had naturally led them to learn more about the environment and to eventually develop a sense of environmental responsibility. Respondents believed that their ecotourism learning experiences had further impacted their life styles and everyday attitudes in positive ways. They reported changes in their consumption behaviors—including inclination toward vegetarianism and refraining from use of animal hide and other products—as well as in the way they recycled and disposed their household trash or conserved water and energy. Some of the respondents had as a result engaged in environmental activism—e.g., volunteering to clean up the environment or starting websites/weblogs to promote environmental issues. Learning and behavior change were also found to have a number of social and personal development aspects among the interviewed participants in ecotourism activities. They had learned to respect their fellow travelers and local community members, engage them positively, and develop a sense of responsibility towards them. Following collective decisions and practicing team work were cited as other positive aspects of learning through ecotourism activities, which had been further encouraged by tour leaders. Personal growth was reported to have been facilitated though ecotourism experience in terms of gaining a sense of self-respect and responsibility, improving emotional and physical resilience as well problem-solving capabilities in the face of challenges, and identity or spiritual development. Findings of this study show significant similarity between the learning aspects ecotourism experiences in Iran and other studied cases. The sample of respondents selected for this research were mostly drawn from participants in the eco tours organized by the most professional operators in Iran. It is therefore quite likely that a great deal of nature-based tourism taking place in the country lacks comparable positive learning effects. Yet, as this study highlights the potential learning and behavior change effects of ecotourism activities, it also indicates the need for additional research on the subject across a wider range of nature-based tourism activities and by extension on possible ways to enhance their positive learning and behavior change impacts through facilitation and support.

Extended Abstract :The geomorphosites are the key concepts for geotourism development which can bring about some accurate assessments from the spatial distribution of specifications and also from the scientific, cultural, historical, social and economic values. So they are the base for designing and management the geoparks beneficially. In this study, we have assessed the potentials of main geomorphosites in the Taft by the usage of both geosite assessment method (GAM) and field studies. The geosite assessment model is a graph which contains 9 fields. in the zone; The geomorphosite 6 is suitable for geotourism development on the basis of their main values (scientific/educational, aesthetic /scenic and protection as market appeal and conservation) and additional values (functional and tourism use as current stage of development) would have been placed at the Z22 field which indicates an average level of both main and additional values. According to the results, the upmost score from among the main values is belonged to the Tezerjan snow accumulation site (7/75) and the upmost score from among the additional values is relevant to the Oghab mountain (8/75). Generally, the Oghab mountain has the most score of 14/25 and the Tamehr spring geosite has the shading score of 14 which would be placed as the next preference choice for programming the sustainable development and also conservation programs. So the administrators must pay their attention on it, spacially for managing the natural and cultural heritages. Geomorphosites are the index which determines value of natural forms based on different geomorphological, geological, hydrological features, animal features, ecosystem, dendrology, and landscape design and landscape value. In fact, special value of geomorphosites is determined considering perception and productivity of human. This value is different based on focus on each of the scientific, environmental, cultural, aesthetic or economic values. Assessment of geomorphosite is necessary in effective management process of land heritage capitals though some features are different in assessment models and uniform methods have not been developed. Values of geomorphosite have two main components: scientific value and additional values (cultural –historical, environmental, economic, cultural and aesthetic value). Identification of sites with the highest value makes possible planning and operationalization of suitable protective design, general actions and also expansion of tourism infrastructures. Goal of this paper is to study main and additional values of their charismas with Geosite Assessment Model (GAM) which is based on the previous methods while identifying main geomorphosites of Taft. After studying and identifying geomorphological features of sites based on field and library studies, Geosite Assessment Model was used to assess them. GAM was used in 2011 to assess geotouristic potential in FRUKA GORA Mountains of Serbia. In this model, there are 12 subcriteria of main values (Table 1) and 15 subcriteria of additional values (Table 2) which have been ranked from 0 to 1(Table 3) though there are some differences between this model and other methods. GAM method is defined as a simple equation: GAM = Main Values (VSE+VSA+VPr) + Additional Values (VFn+VTr) Based on results of assessment, a matrix of main and additional values is formed (Figure 1). These values are presented through X and Y axes. The matrix is divided into 9 fields (zones) which are expressed with Z(i and j) and (i and j=1,2,3) based on the rank which each geosite has received in the previous assessment stages. Main lines which created each field have been determined in X axis with value of 4 units and in Y axis with value of 5 units. In fact, condition of each field indicates suitable general development of tourism, market demand and special protection management policy. Discussion and Considering assessment results of main values (MV), Taft geomorphosites (Shirkooh Mountains, Tazarjan Snow Accumulation Site, Dareh Gahan Waterfall, Tamehr Spring, Sakhavid Basin, Oghab Mountain). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSE) is given to Shir Kooh Site (2.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSE) is given to Shir Kooh Site (2.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of scientific and educational value (VSA) is given to Tazarjan snow accumulation site (3.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of protection value (VPr) is given to two Tazarjan Snow Accumulation Site and Sakhoid Basin with equal score (2.5). Additional value (AV) assessment of geomorphosites shows that the highest total score of subcriteria of Functional value (VFn) is related to Oghab Mountain Site (4.25). The highest total rank of subcriteria of Tourism value (VTr) is related to two sites of Tamehr Spring and Oghab Mountain with equal score of 4.25. Then, total scores of subcriteria of main value and additional value were determined according to GAM equation for the said geomorphosites (Table 4). Total scores of all sites show numbers with very little difference. Therefore, all of them were included in Z22 field (Figure 1) indicating their average condition. Geosites of Oghab Mountain (14.25) and then Tamehr Spring (14) with little difference and the highest score have high priority for planning in the zone. Of course, total scores of additional value of these two geomorphosites are higher than other geomorphological sites of the zone due to easier access with score of 1, adjacency to propagation centers with score of 1, Additional functional values with scores of 0.75 and 0.5. The tourism values include adjacency to Eslamieh Touristic center with very short distance, higher number of visitors of geomorphosite of Oghab Site due to location beside Yazd-Shiraz Road, round-the-clock services and restaurant near them in these two geomorphosites which have higher score than other geomorphological sites of the zone.