نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 31 (بهار 1396)

Allegory is a format to express a meaning in didactic literature. We benefit from Allegory to visualize and imagery of subjective concepts, then we can show educational themes more pleasant and stronger to the readers. Allegory with concepts, properties and types exists as old as roudaki’s living time in Persian poetry and we can see it in Sanayi, Attar and Molavi lyrics. But Saeb e Tabrizi use Allegory in his lyrics more than anyone else in Safavie era. Saeb with exact illustration and imagination showed moral, philosophical and mystical concepts more exciting to his readers. Because of many educational concepts and allegory in sonnets of Saeb, We just talk about some of educational concepts in his sonnets to show you a new way of imaginary allegory to satisfy your feelings.

One of the literary treasures in Persian literature is value treasure of proverbs that access to the thoughts, attitudes and practices of predecessors in a variety of conditions makes clear and understandale for us. Proverbs is reflection of opinion of community in literary works. Attar's Elahinameh is one of those works that have been composed by combining different proverbial content in seven century. Accordingly such restrictions in Dehkhod's Amsal o hekam, we prefer the Elahi nameh in order to get acquainted the attitude of the thoughthful poet and understand the impotance of the language and guidance to learn about their ancestors. Apparently befer has been investigated about various proverbs interms of content and expression that using content analysis and providing statics chart, this issue is taken into consideration.

The hyrics of these protest poet topic was studied literature and conceptual similarities and differences in their statement of a comparative study was lssuesthat are symbolic and symbolism in poetry is social and cultural Seyyed Hassan Hosseini including ethical issues.fogetting the revolutionary ideals fade human and spiritual values objected to his protests are examples of iconic themes. Style protest Hosseini more humor in the lyrics sung the praises of grief and regret.lconic themes in the poetry of mahmouddarwish protested against the enemy occupying arab world and its people forget the past and the silence and stillness of the issue of Palestine.in the work of mahmouddarwish all protests around the country formed. Style symbolic poems of darwish expressed his protest threat grief written questions reget.hosseini and his social poet darwish both national joint pain dervish although the arabs because of ethnic affiliation in his compositions the larger community plans.

Investigating valuable works of literature by scientists of different fields and publication of various books associated with literature and policy, psychology, philosophy, astronomy, ets emphasizes on this important issue that literature dose not belong just to emotion and taste; rather it includes a wide range of sensory experiences based on concrete facts. on the other hand, There are rarely peers for MolanaJalalodin among Persian orators and poets who have realized the unique and influential role of allegory in conveying information and have been able to benefit it in the best and most skillful way. He based the cornerstone of Masnavi on stories and sought to teach his audience the most sophisticated scientific, mystic, moral, and social concepts using his unique skills in creation of allegory. One of the notable teachings of allegories in Masnavi can be found in verbal communication which is in the field of psychology. The researchers have tried to investigate this important human skill from perspective of Molana and match it with the comments of modern psychologists.

Against decuction and induction is allegory which is a type of likening general to general or reaching from a thing generality to another thing generality. Allegorical realites are often borrowing, virtual, similar or effects of objective realites in which a text pictorial generality is virtual reality that substitutes an objective reality. Usually people are influential in political, social or religious areas use allegory. In constitutionalism, the silence resulted from autarchy space was caused to poets and authors avoid expressing social and political conditions explicitly and in expressing political and critical contents use secret, metaphor and allegory and form underground literature. With regard to allegory frequency in constitutionalism and considering properties this technique has over past ages in this article, the allegory in constitutionalism has been analyzed.

A comparative study of common allegories in Molavi's Masnavi and Waladname. Waladname is a work in Masnavi form and an emulation of Molavi's Masnavi. This work which is in verse contains ethico-mystical intricacies and beautiful allegories and reflects a thorough image of physical and spiritual life of Molavi, his pupils and colleagues. Comparing these two works shows that Solatan Walad (623-712) is probably the first poet who could model his father's skill in composing mystical poems with allegories. The results show that a full understanding of Waladname especially its allegories depends heavily on understanding Masnavi and that decoding enigmatic phrases in the son's poems needs a full account of the father's work. This article is an attempt to introduce the influence and common aspects in creating allegories.

One of the evaluation criteria of the poet's proficiency in eloquence is the use of rhetorical figures. The emphasis on a specific type of rhetoric may distinguish a poet's style from others, but it cannot be the only stylistic feature of a specific literary period. For example, allegory almost has been used during all times of Persian literature, but because of its high frequency during Safavids (Isfahani/ Hindi style) it has become a prominent style of then. Since allegory has things in common with the allegorical simile and so on, sometimes they are ignored and supposed one category, though this article intends to give some evidences of different types of the mentioned techniques in Fakhr-e Iraqi's divan. The results show that Iraqi, fallowing the literary style of his period, has applied many common literary figures sufficiently in his poems, amongst them allegory and allegorical similes with a high frequency and diversity of themes and structure are mostly shown off. This proves that he could exceed the limits of rhetorical principles without ignoring them and extract his methods from those limitations by innovation, invention and creativity to adorn his poems by a dignified style.

This paper will explore allegory and proverbs and aphorisms in poetry King,” Khaqani” is derived from a thesis entitled” Folklore in Khaqani Divan”. The author is trying to enumerate many of the examples in distinguished poets such as the preference of a love of wisdom, the importance of spiritual poverty, finding a safe way to leave depends on desires, lack of health expectancy in world behavior, contentment and lack referring to villains, loyalty period over time, the poverty of soul and life, the product and sound of material nature, bounce bless and health in the spiritual world, not the world, seeking a companion in the world of mortals nor the world and allegorical stories like the story of the Caliph and the Pelican and the story of Parrot and Merchant, expresses that element of allegory and proverbs and axiomlike other elements of Folklore, including materials and themes that poets has made themes and created exquisite poems in their Divans. Of these, Lord of rhetorical expression, Khaqani has coped with this important very well and emerged art.

People have to work to make a living from the creation and entrepreneurship, culture, customs and beliefs of the society from the perspective of "lifestyle" is inseparable from work and entrepreneurship. In this study, with unique and innovative works of Persian literature, Said hundreds of jobs and careers and to provide useful and fruitful solutions in order to expand these jobs are provided in the community. We realized that working and Entrepreneurship are considered in thousands of years ago the ancient Iranians way of economic development, social, political, cultural and civilization of the country.