فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1397)

Earthquake has historically been considered as a cause for vast destruction of buildings, casualties, and financial damages in Iranian cities. To prevent such a disaster it is necessary to construct resistant buildings and retrofitting the existing ones. The main aim of the present study was analyzing the vulnerability of houses in Urmia against the earthquake and ranking the districts of the city using TOPSIS method. The applied method was descriptive-analytical and the type of research was applicable with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Documentary and field methods were applied to collect the required data. Based on TOPSIS method, the findings of the present study indicated that the average rate of vulnerability of houses for the whole city of Urmia was 0.485. The highest rate was belonged to district 4 with a TOPSIS score of 0.818 and the lowest one to district 1 with a score of 0.296. The score of district 5 was 0.338 which is considered as a moderated range of vulnerability against the earthquake.

Among the numerous indicators of development, health index is one of the most important indicators of progress in each country, and to a large extent, the success rate of national development programs depends on achieving the objectives of this sector. Inequality in health and medical careness among the regions displays the differences in the extent of development of health facilities among cities, villages, regions and countries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of health indices in Kermanshah province and to identify the privileged and deprived counties in terms of health-medical situation. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on method it is a descriptive-analytical one. The sample of the present study includes 14 counties of Kermanshah province. Required data were extracted from the Population and Housing Census and the annual statistical report of 2015 of Kermanshah province. In order to determine the level of development of provincial counties in terms of per capita health-medical indicator, 41 variables were used and quantified. Shannon entropy method was applied to determine the importance of each variable.  For data analysis, the SAW and TOPSIS models were applied. Also the mean rank, Brada and Copelend methods were used to integrate the results of the models (SAW, TOPSIS). Pearson correlation was used to show the relationship between urbanization rate and distance from the center of the province with the status of development of health services. The results of the present research indicated that four counties were located at develped category. They include: Qasarshirin, Paveh, Sunqor and Kermanshah, respectively. Three counties namely Javanrood, Kangavar and Sahneh were categorized as semi-developed, respectively. Dalahu, Harsin, Gilan-Gharb, Islamabad, and SarPul Zahab were classifies as developing counties. And finally, Ravansar and SalasBabajani were considered as deprived counties of Kermanshah province. According to the results, it was found that there is inequality and difference in distribution of health services among the counties of Kermanshah province and the conditions of counties are different from each other. Also, it was found that there were not any correlations between the rate of urbanization and distance fron the center of province with the development of health-medical services.

One of the influential factors in pedestrian-based sustainable transport is the understanding of human behavior patterns in urban environments. Neglecting the sustainable transport causes heterogeneity in behavioral patterns and urban access networks. Therefore, by recognizing and analyzing pedestrianism indexes, it is possible to create a suitable environment for sustainable transport in the city. There is a direct relationship between indices of pedestrianism and sustainable transport goals. The purpose of the present research is an attempt to prioritize the effective pedestrian indexes in the sustainable development of the texture surrounding the Naqshe Jahan square. To achieve the goal of the research, the model of Analytical Network Process (ANP) is applied in order to analyze the pedestrianism indices in sustainable transport. In terms of its purpose, the present study is an applicable and in terms of its method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. Also, for data collection and literature review three methods were used namely: documentary, interviews with experts, and questionnaire. For data analysis the Super Decision software was used as the main research tool. The results of the research indicated that among the pedestrianism indexes, the index of social interactions has the first priority. For the sub-sections, the index of comfort for pedestrians has the first priority, and for the options section, Ostandari street lies among the most priority pedestrianism indexes for sustainable transportation in the historical texture surrounding the Naqshe Jahan square, respectively.

The present study focuses on evaluating the quality of residential spaces in Oshnaviyeh, a town located in West Azarbaijan province. Also, individual’s satisfaction of their residential space quality as well as effective indices on housing quality and housing environment are evaluated. Based on aim, the present study followed an applicable method; and based on its nature a descriptive-analytical one. For data collection, both documentary and field techniques were applied including interview, observation and questionnaire. A descriptive method was used for conceptual framework and theoretical basis, too. The sample size according to the population of Oshnaviyeh is 375 cases, which have been randomly surveyed at the neighborhood level. SPSS and ArcGIS are two applied software in the present study. An examination of six factors in detail showed different results, but the overall results of the research based on the combined indices indicated that: of 12 neighborhoods of Oshnaviyeh, residents of 3 neighborhoods (namely, 1, 2, and 12) have a high satisfactory level against the quality of residential spaces. The satisfaction level for one neighborhood (11) was moderated and, all other residents (including neighborhoods 3 to 10) were dissatisfied with the quality of their residential spaces. Finally, some practical suggestions have been made to reach the full satisfaction of residential spaces of Oshnaviyeh by its residents.

Decreasing the vulnerability of urban land uses which leads to the reduction of damages is considered as the most important goals that urban planners and managers have attempted to implement it in cities. It would be possible through applying new approaches of crisis management such as passive defense that can be effective in creating urban environments. The present research is aimed to study the vulnerability of Hamedan city based on the principles of passive defense. The study is an applied research based on its purposes and it is analytical-descriptive one in terms of nature. Data analysis was done based on passive defense framework. For data analysis, 9 main land uses and 23 subsidiary land uses are compared and scored using Super Decision software. By evaluating criteria and sub-criteria to which the closeness-farness from the main criteria or density-dispersion towards them are important, the distance was calculated in ArcGIS environment. Following the afore-mentioned procedures, Hamedan city is classified in 5 categories (i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low) in terms of vulnerability. The most important risk factors of Hamedan city can be mentioned as: high population density in some neighborhoods around the first ring of Hamadan, the construction density in neighborhoods around Sepah square, Khezr and places around Rajaee Street, the fine-grainedness of residential units, the lack of open spaces and green spaces in the old neighborhoods of Hamedan and the concentration and centralization of official buildings in several parts of the city.

Paying attention to the quality indicators of park formation can lead to coherence and social sustainability of cities. The present research is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of regional parks in Tabriz in order to provide a suitable and practical solution for managers and designers of green spaces. Data collection was done using questionnaire which were completed by 300 park visitors. Different methods were applied for data analysis including descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and step by step regression. Using factor analysis, eleven sub-components were extracted with an alphfa greater than 0.7 of main components of the research. The main components include: access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity; and the sub-components include: accessibility, furniture, facilities and services, security, social groups, various social activities, meeting place, environment, quality of management, quality of maintenance, and design quality. The results of the analysis showed that accessibility, socialization, user and activities, comfort and perspective were ranked from the highest quality to the lowest one, respectively. Among the sub-components, environment is the most important factor in the quality of parks, and the importance of social groups, access to the park, security, meeting place, various social activities, furniture, and facilities were ranked in the following order, respectively. The results of Pearson test also showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between independent components (access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity) with the dependent variable (regional park quality). These components are also able to explain and define 54.6% of the quality of the regional parks (dependent variables).

The healthy village project aims at creating a suitable village for living and promoting the health of community members through their participation. Housing is considered as one of the important projects of the healthy village. The present study aims at evaluating sustainable housing indices by descriptive-analytical method in Kurdistan province. Findings of the present study indicated that 48 percent of rural settlements in Kurdistan province do not have access to enough sun light, 73 percent of the villages lack safe drinking water, in 82 percent of villages the sewage systems is not covered, and 48 percent of houses are considered as low-durable structures. The analytical results based on the t-test showed that of 22 studied variables, only 4 cases were above the average. Also, the results showed that according to comparative studies with the average figures of the country, the most rural houses of Kurdistan province located in the unhealthy category. Therefore, one of the strategies for sustainable housing is low interest loans and designing houses in accordance to environmental conditions of villages.

In order to programming for employment creation and sustainable development of a region, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of its situation and advantages. This paper, using Shift -Share Model, studies the relative advantage of GDP and the employment of main economic sectors in provinces of Iran. In this model three effects including national growth, structural growth and competitive growth have been considered that lead to changes in the attractiveness of the major economic sectors for employees and producers. Accordingly, the advantages of major economic sectors including agriculture, industry and services in different provinces of the country have been identified and ranked in 2010 and 2014, using employment and value-added data of them. Regarding the employment, five provinces including Hormozgan, Semnan, Fars, Kerman, and Bushehr are absorbing labor force more quickly than others; and based on GDP, fourteen provinces including west Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Bushehr, North Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Kermanshah Gilan, Markazi, Hormozgan, Hamadan, and Yazd have been identified as engines of national development.