فصلنامه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 15 (پاییز 1395)

In general policies to transform the educational system, improve the quality of teacher training and continuous increases in scientific, professional and cultural education competencies and capabilities of them are considered. Learning Management and adjustment of educational practices improves the academic performance of learners. Metacognition literature was collected in this study. Experts opinions about models and meta-cognitive components suitable for student-teachers of FARHANGIAN University were inquired by in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 peoples. Results were analyzed using Grounded Theory. In the third phase, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire based on the model and its components ɑ=0.96 was designed. Experts opinions about the appropriateness of the model and its components were collected. The findings were also confirmed previous models and proportionality of these models, provided new combine and topics to previous discussions in the field of metacognition in order to student-teachers training. Metacognition construct, consists of three components of metacognitive knowledge has 5 sub-sets, metacognitive regulation has 8 sub-sets, metacognitive beliefs has 4 sub-sets that involve totally 70. How training includes three components of the how present includes three sub-sets, how contents includes three sub-sets, time and place of training have two sub-sets and involve totally 20 indicators. Why training includes three components: teachers individual promoting includes four sub-sets, teachers professional promoting has five sub-sets, students individual promoting with three sub-components and involve totally 40 indicators.

Nowadays, development of tourism types is one of the most important research topics in the area of human geography. Because tourism, on the one hand, has different types and on the other hand, it can have profound and positive effects on the mundane and spiritual dimensions of the human life and geography areas. Development of tourism types in the each geography area may encounter with different driver and barriers. Along with the management structures and physical and mundane prerequisites, dominant tourism pattern on area ' tourism system is one of the factors that has positive and negative effects on its tourism development. Halal tourism is the behavioral-functional pattern that the goal of present research is assessment of its effects on Iran' tourism types. This article is fundamental and descriptive-analytical research. Method of the gathering data is survey by the expert’s questionnaire. The sample consists of 25 tourism professors of Tehran universities. The method of data analysis is Weighted Sum Model (WSM) and Shannon Entropy is used for weighting of indicators. Research findings indicate that the tourism Halal pattern can have different effects on the development, efficiency and affectivity of each type of the country' tourism and this pattern can be a driver factor for some forms of tourism and as a limitation factor for some. The results show the Halal pattern can lead to development of some types of tourism such as religious, cultural, historical, health tourism and ecotourism, while it considers as a limiting factor for development of leisure.

One of the most important economic roles in any system is a support for low-income and fair distribution of income. More equitable distribution tools of income can be tax exemptions that are mainly performed to correct on income distribution and poverty reduction. In developed countries, individual income tax exemption has a more comprehensive and attention. One of these tax exemptions is related to people with disabilities. Our study shows that in most capitalist countries disabled income or their heads is tax exemptions or deductions targeted. But in Iran, support for disabled mainly in the form of a fraction of the cost of treatment and care of their taxable income. Supporting the disabled community with the goal of promoting health and empowering them is one of the main topics of general policies of the health system. In this research we show, if the taxable income of disabled people or their heads in addition to medical expenses, accepted as a tax exemption or increase income tax exemption ceiling, could be beneficial in reduction of income inequality that is one of the objectives of tax policy.

Some studies point out, under the assumption of the particular combination of market imperfections in both the goods and asset markets not only explain the short-run behavior of exchange rates but are also the driving force behind it. Indeed they constitute the key element to its understanding. This paper shows that a combination of local currency pricing, heterogeneity in goods distribution, and noise trader expectation, as imperfect market, may combine to produce very high exchange rate volatility. The data in this article are related to the fixed prices in the year 1383 and run annually from 1345 to 1392 in a per capita basis. Having logarithms taken, the variables are de-traded through Hodrick- Prescott filter. The final model equations are linearized around the steady state and using Uhlig(1999) approach accidental equations are also linearized and are specified as space state pattern in Matlab software. Finally, the calibration of parameters are assessed, variables are simulated and compared with real data. The results show that the introduced model can simulate the impact of shocks on macroeconomic variables. It also shows that a money supply shock in local currency pricing, increases of the domestic consumption and thus causing a depreciation temporary of the home currency. Also, with increase in inverse of elasticity of money demand parameter, the exchange rate's response will be more to the domestic supply money shock.

An indication of the development of any society is the business which is set up and managed by women entrepreneurs. Women's participation in economic activities has a key role not only in the development of women's capabilities and skills, but also in economic and social development. In this paper, the impact of women population, man population, income and inflation on the business environment index were studied for the 7 selected developing countries (inclouding Iran) during the period 2006 to 2013. The empirical results from employing panel cointegration method with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique show that men and women population have a positive impact on the business environment index. This means that women alongside men play a significant role in improving the business environment; however, the impact of the female population is smaller than the male population, which is entirely consistent with the country's business environment.The female population plays a key role in the business environment of Iranian economy.

This paper examines the impact of health on female labor supply in the D8 countries using of health variable (fertility rate), real wage, education and urbanization with fix effect method in the period of 1995 – 2012.
The result show that:a) All of the relevant variables have significant impact on female labor supply and wage and most impact on labor supply.
b) -0.012 coefficient of health show that fertility rate has negative impact on female labor supply in D8 countries. That is, the decrease in fertility rate result to more participation in market health variables have negative impact and education and urbanization variables have positive impact on dependent variable. In this case, education and urbanization have the
c) labor

Increasing global population, energy consumption has increased as, result of environmental pollution due to human activities has also increased. In other word the different growth rates of population in industrialized countries and developing, requires the use of energy on the environment has been affected. Considering the importance of this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effect of population growth on the environment both industrialized countries (G7) and developing countries (D8) for the period 2012-1990 using panel data. The results showed that in industrialized countries, population growth has a direct impact on pollution, but not significant at the appropriate level. But in developing countries this is a direct and significant effectiveness.

Analysis and evaluation of foreign policy , is today one of the most important topics in the field of international relations
, most important topics of country’s foreign policy are listed In the 20-years perspective document and General polisies that Its foreign policy apparatus required to act according to goals and polisies.
This study adopted a descriptive - analytical study sought to describe the 20-years outlook plan of iran foreign policy goals and general policies in the Fourth Development Plan and their fulfill requirements and evaluate actions of foreign policy during the 1384 to 1388 in the case of nuclear, holocaust and the Palestinian issue, , Look East approach and how to interact or conflict with America , Europe , Africa , Latin America and some regional and trans-regional organizations.
Results and findings suggest that the government 's foreign policy goals during the four -decade-old policy and overall perspective is not very consistent . This is due to the aggressive and provocative approach by government , along with some kind of position and orientation of subjective idealism over realism in foreign policy , will be explored .