فهرست مطالب

Novelty in Biomedicine
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/08/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Bahare Rafian, Anoosh Eghdami *, Gholamali Moradi Pages 157-161
    Background
    Infectious diseases continue to be one of the biggest health challenges around the world, followed by problems caused by antibiotic resistance and excessive use of antibiotics. In general, Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common cause of surgical ulcer infections. This study examines how a vancomycin nanomedicine attaches to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle. Determining the role of vancomycin nanomedicine on reducing the drug resistance of vancomycin in E. faecalis (clinical hospital isolates) and determining the cytotoxicity effects of nanomedicine.
    Materials and Methods
    In this method, first, attachment made through chemical processes such as emulsion between vancomycin antibiotic and a PLGA nanoparticle, and resultant antibiotic tested on vancomycin resistant E. faecalis.
    Results
    The results of this study indicate that the method of nanomedicine attachment to antibiotics was an effective method and it was determined by X-ray Diffraction that the attachment was precisely performed. In the antibiogram method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanomedicine increased in respect to vancomycin antibiotic.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that produced Nano-antibiotics had a better effect than resistant antibiotics.
    Keywords: PLGA, Enterococcus Faecalis, Vancomycin
  • Mojgan Bandehpour *, Tina Nafarieh, Fatemeh Zahedipour, Afsaneh Tavasoli, Bahram Kazemi Pages 162-166
    Background
    Genomic engineering of Escherichia coli is applied to design and produce recombinant proteins as the new drugs. The aim of this study was to CRISPR-Cas9 mediated capsule gene silencing in E. coli.
    Materials and Methods
    We suppressed genes involved in capsule expression of E.coli by CRISPR cas9 process. The constructed E.coli was confirmed by microscopic smear, transmission electron microscopy and T7 phage influence assay.
    Results
    The results were shown that the inhibition of capsule production was carried out successfully and there was not any capsule layer around the bacteria.
    Conclusion
    E. coli without any capsule around may proper for replacement of it with other molecules in future.
    Keywords: capsule, CEISPR, Escherichia coli, TEM
  • Seyed Hamid Borsi, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari, Hanieh Raji, Faramarz Ghalavand * Pages 167-173
    Background
    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients who have undergone intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing life-threatening VAP due to specific conditions, especially with Gram-negative pathogens with advanced drug resistance. Hereby, the control of these agents and its monitoring is of particular importance. In this study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from tracheal culture of patients with VAP investigated in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahwaz.
    Materials and Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, tracheal samples were collected during April 2016 to April 2017 from patients who were on mechanical ventilation in ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahwaz, Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. After isolation, bacterial strains were identified using biochemical tests. Then, antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolates investigated using standard disc diffusion according to clinical and laboratory standards institute 2016 (CLSI 2016) guidelines.
    Results
    A total of 111 bacterial isolates were identified which were as following; Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Serratia marcescens, with prevalence of 54%, 19.8%, 14.4%, 6.4%, 4.5%, and 0.9%, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates showed that almost all isolates had high resistance to treatment antibiotics and were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The A. baumannii isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam, but ampicillin-tazobactam had a good effect.
    Conclusion
    The results of this study showed that patients admitted to ICU due to their conditions of treatment are more likely to develop VAP by Gram-negative pathogens. The empirical treatment of VAP due to predominant bacterial causes and emerging drug resistance has become more challenging. It requires to use of multidrug regimens for routine clinical practice. It should be noted that in order to appropriate antimicrobial therapy, precise and correct diagnosis is very important.
    Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antibiotic resistance, Enterobacteria, ICU, ventilator-associated pneumonia
  • Farideh Khodabandeh *, Shahin Shadnia, Matien Pormatine Pages 174-179
    Background
    The present study aims to assess the ability of the acute physiology, chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute poisoning.
    Materials and Methods
    Using data from 622 consecutive ICU admitted poisoned patients, Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran, during May 2015-April 2016. Various statistical tools used to assess the correlation, significance, and predictability.
    Results
    Overall APACHE IV scoring system was statistically significant (P=.001). Death rate prediction, increased from 79.4% to 86.8 % by model, with SMR =0.83%. A meaningful association between APACHE-IV score and the risk of mortality with good discrimination and, calibration (p value of 0.978) was evident.
    Conclusion
    The present study demonstrates that the APACHE IV system performs acceptably in our patients with acute poisoning and can be utilized as a performance assessment tool in poisoning centers.
    Keywords: Acute Drug poisoning, ICU, APACHE IV, Mortality
  • Fatemeh Roodneshin, Mahtab Poor Zamany Nejat Kermany *, Pooya Rostami, Omid Niksan Pages 180-184
    Background
    Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is a life threatening, possible complication of corrective strabismus surgery and is more common among the pediatric patients. Sevoflurane and Propofol are the most commonly used agents in pediatric surgery. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two agents on oculocardiac reflex during corrective strabismus surgery in pediatrics patients.
    Materials and Methods
    A total of 89 children were divided in two groups and no significant demographic data difference was between the two groups. Group 1 (n=45) received sevoflurane 6-8% as induction agent followed by 2-3% for maintenance, group 2 (n=44) was injected with propofol 3mg/kg as induction agent followed by 200µg/kg/min infusion as the maintenance dose, bispectral index (BIS) was kept 40-60 in both groups. Oculocardiac reflex was compared between the two groups.
    Results
    Incidence of OCR of group 1was showed a significant decrease.
    Conclusion
    Sevoflurane reduced the incidence of OCR. Sevoflurane may be the agent of choice in corrective strabismus surgery, compared to propofol.
    Keywords: Oculocardiac reflex, General anesthesia, TIVA, sevoflurane
  • Elahe Haghighat Manesh, Seyed Ali Mar'ashi, Taher Doroudi, Mohsen Saberi, Seyed Hossein Modjtahedi, Pirhossein Kolivand, Abbas Masjedi Arani, Abbas Masjedi Arani * Pages 185-195
    Background
    Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster.
    Materials and Methods
    The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size.
    Results
    Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96).
    Conclusion
    According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms
    Keywords: Narrative exposure therapy, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Depression symptom, Somatic symptom, Mass gathering, Mina disaster
  • Mahshid Heidari, AmirHossein Moghtader Mojdehi, Sahar Babaali * Pages 196-198
    Background
    Varicella (chicken pox) is a highly contagious disease caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus. Varicella pneumonia is a rare presentation of pneumonia, which is seen in immunocompromised adults. Cases Report: Here we reported a 13-year-old immunocompetent boy who was admitted with fever and acute respiratory symptoms.
    Conclusion
    Varicella pneumonia occurring particularly in immunocompromised patients; however, it should not be misdiagnosed in immunocompetent patients.
    Keywords: Varicella pneumonia, immunocompetent
  • Masih Ebrahimy Dehkordy, Faranak Behnaz *, Shayesteh Khorasanizadeh, Homeyra kouzekanani, Naeimeh Gholizadeh Pages 199-201
    Background
    Respiratory obstruction is a fatal complication following carotid endarterectomy, which caused direct compression of trachea secondary to venous and lymphatic congestion. Cases Report: In this study, we report a complicated case of carotid endarterectomy that required emergency intubation in difficult circumstance due to progressing hematoma and soft tissue edema.
    Conclusion
    we report a case of hematoma and edema causing compromised airway following carotid endarterectomy (CEA), in which quick action to decompress the hematoma and prepare a secure airway lead to successful outcome.
    Keywords: Difficult airway, Neck hematoma, Difficult intubation