فصلنامه مطالعات روان شناسی ورزشی
پیاپی 18 (زمستان 1395)

The aim of this research was to determine the intermediate role of religious orientation between physical activity level and physical self-concept.The population of this research, which had a descriptive correlational method, included all 15-18 years old boy students in the city of Ardakan. From this population, 102 people were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tools were the international questionnaire of physical activity of children and adolescents, the shortened form of physical self-description and the scale of religiosity.The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between physical activity level and physical self-concept. According to the structural equation modelling, it had been showed that religious orientation does not play a mediating role between the level of physical activity and physical self-concept. With regard to the relationship between physical activity and physical self-concept, determination of the role of religious orientation with variables such as age and gender is necessary.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the revised sport motivation scale in athlete university students. Participants in this research included 503 athlete university students were selected through cluster random sampling method from universities of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient methods were used to analyze data. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fitness of the six-factor model for data after removing one item of the introjected regulation subscale. High correlations in the same subscales of the revised sport motivation scale and the behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire indicated appropriate criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed an acceptable internal consistency for all subscales. Overall, the findings suggest that Persian version of the revised sport motivation scale after removing one item of the introjected regulation subscale, can be used to assess the sport motivation in athlete university students.

This study aimed to identify ways of coping with stress of athletes and non-athletes Iranian students in medical and non-medical fields, and compare them to provide the necessary solutions. To do this, after the geographical breakdown of the country's universities to five regions, the Carver were distributed questionnaires among 2,000 students (1,200 non-medical and 800 medical, half of them were athletes and half of them were non-athletes). Factor analysis and independent t test were used to identify the strategies of coping with stress and compare groups respectively. Results showed that there were significant differences in the strategies of coping with stress between athletes and non-athletes students. Athletic students have used a greater number of strategies to deal with stress that these strategies In comparison with non-athletes were more cognitive behavior. The difference between medical and non-medical students was not significant.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of selected psychological interventions on reducing competitive trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation in athletes. Using convenience sampling, 90 people were placed in two experimental and control groups. Information collecting tools were Competitive Trait Anxiety Questionnaire and Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. The educational package was conducted through 12 ninety-minute sessions in the experimental group. Analysis of covariance results in reducing competitive trait anxiety revealed that there was a significant difference between groups, but analysis of covariance results in reducing fear of negative evaluation had no significant difference. In all, performance of psychological interventions is effective on reducing competitive anxiety in athletes and in order to reduce fear of negative evaluation in athletes, it is essential to design the interventions with more emphasis on correcting the self- attitude.

The aim of this study was to examine the factorial validity and reliability of Persian version of mindfulness inventory for sport in athletes from different sports. The original inventory contains 15 items and 3 subscales about awareness, non-judgmental and refocusing. 235 questionnaires were completed by aged 18-3 years-old athletes (%62.7 man and %37.3 woman). Who took part in different fields. Confirmatory factor analysis results suggest that the goodness of fit index is 0.90 and Comparative Fit Indices is 0.94. Also, The inventory reliability was calculated using the internal consistency method. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.79 for awareness; 0.86 for non-judgmental; and 0.83 for refocusing. Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the inventory. In conclusion, it seems the Persian version of mindfulness inventory for sport is suitable tool for assessing athlete mindfulness in Iranian community devaluation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the structural relationships of coaching efficacy, player's self-efficacy, and collective efficacy in female professional basketball teams. To this aim, 128 individuals (12 head coaches and 116 players) from members of female basketball professional teams were completed coaching efficacy scale, self-efficacy scale, and collective efficacy questionnaire for sport, and collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling at 95% confidence level. The results demonstrated that direct effects of coaching efficacy on players’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy are not statistically significant, and players’ self-efficacy has a direct and negative effect on collective efficacy. Based on the results, the conceptual model of coaching efficacy is not supported by collected data from female professional basketball teams. To revise and extend this conceptual model, the possibility of existence of mediating variables in relationship of coaching efficacy with team variables is discussed.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy, applied relaxation and imagery in order to reduce the competitive state anxiety of elite athletes. The sample consisted of 72 men and women national athletes of team and individual sports which were selected by convenience sampling and divided in four groups randomly. Interventions were held for 9 weeks. Participants completed the CSA-2 scale in pre-test and post-test. The results of MANCOVA showed that all three methods (Schema therapy, applied relaxation and imagery) were effective in order to reduce the competitive state anxiety of athletes. Also, schema therapy was the most effective method to reduce cognitive anxiety compared to the other methods.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trait anxiety and feedback on the learning of force control task. Forty eight participants were divided into four groups based on their scores in trait anxiety and the type of feedback given to them. They produced the criteria force during the acquisition phase. After 24 hours, the retention and transfer tests were performed. The results of acquisition phase showed that the effect of blocks was significant, but no significant difference was observed between the groups. The results of the retention and transfer tests indicated that giving feedback to successful trials in subjects with high anxiety and giving feedback to unsuccessful trials in subjects with low anxiety resulted in more learning. The findings of the present study showed that considering the learner's trait anxiety level at the time of providing feedback is necessary in order to gain more learning.