Journal of Basic & Clinical Pathophysiology
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2016

It is well know that fetal distress is one of the important causes of fetus perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to evaluate the association between umbilical coiling index and fetal distress.
Material and This was a case- control study conducted on 90 term pregnant women. Study group had fetal distress (abnormal fetal heart rate, meconium staining, Apgar score less than 7 in fifth minute and PH of umbilical cord arterials The mean UCI was 0.23 ±0.13coils/cm and 0.30± 0.13coils/cm in study and control groups, respectively which had meaningful difference (p=0.017). However, there was a significant correlation (p=0.03) between UCI and bradycardia, but there was no significant association between UCI and meconium staining, tachycardia and acidity of umbilical cord arterials (P>0.05). Roc curve demonstrated that UCI had the ability to be used to predict fetal distress and the best point for predicting fetal distress was 0.23 coils/cm
Fetal heart bradycardia had significant association with UCI and UCI could be used to predict fetal distress.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine has an important role
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) as a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine has an important role in activation, growth and differentiation of several immune cells. Moreover IL-2 is known as a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral cytokine. In addition deysregulation of IL-2 in some diseases such as autoimmunity has been shown. The present study was conducted to evaluate the patterns of IL-2 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human leukemic T cells lines (Molt-4 and Jurkat).
Human PBMCs and leukemic T cells were cultured in complete RPMI-1640 medium. The cells were then seeded at a density of 106 cells/ml and were incubated with different concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (1-25 ng/ml) or phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) (2-10 μg/ml) for 48 hours. Then the cell-conditioned media were collected and used for IL-2 assay. Statistical comparisons between groups were made by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
PHA/PMA significantly and dose-dependently increased IL-2 level in human PBMCs and leukemic T cells (Molt-4 and Jurkat) after 48 hours of incubation compared with untreated control cells.
We conclude that human PBMCs and leukemic T cells (Jurkat and Molt-4) could potentially secrete IL-2 with different degrees. Thus, these cells could offer a proper system to study the mechanisms regulating IL-2 production in diseases in which IL-2 production is disregulated. Also these cells could be useful for screening the IL-2 modulators.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder with spontaneous recurrent seizures and abnormal intracranial waves. Since the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence of epilepsy is inevitable, it seems that the use of antioxidants can prevent some of the complications resulting from this disease. This study was designed to assess the protective effect of carvacrol on seizure behavior and intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings.
In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Sham-operated, carvacrol (10 mg/kg) pretreated-sham-operated, kainic acid (0.8 μg/μl), and carvacrol (10 mg/kg) pretreated-kainic acid. In this study, we evaluated the status epilepticus and spontaneous seizures according to Racine΄s scores and recorded iEEG for investigating the antiepileptic effect of carvacrol in kainite-injected rats.
The seizures behavior (status epilepticus and spontaneous seizures) appeared in kainite-injected rats and iEEG amplitude increased as compared to sham group (p
Collectively, the results of this study indicate that carvacrol is able to prevent some of the epilepsy disease complications in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Ziziphora tenuior is one of the traditional medicinal herbs; the main active chemical composition of this herb is an ingredient named as Pulegone which is known well for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Considering, the side effects of synthetic drugs, researcher’s attention has been attracted to the use of herbal medicines.
In this study, after inducing ear edema via Xylenol, the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracts on vascular permeability in (NMRI) rats was studied. 60 rats were divided into 6 groups of 10 as follows: Control (no treatment), sham (receiving physiological saline), groups 3, 4, and 5 treated with Ziziphora tenuior extracts which received doses of 20, 50 and 100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, respectively, and groups 6 through 10 which received Dexamethasone at a concentration of 10 mg per kg of body weight in the amount of 0/2 milliliters.
The results of the present study showed that intraperitoneal injection of Ziziphora tenuior extracts at doses of 50 and 100 mg per kg body weight, results in a significant decrease in inflammation induced via Xylenol in mature male rats (p≤ 0.05), as like lessening of inflammation via 10 mg body weight of Dexamethasone. Furthermore, the group receiving 100 milligrams per kilograms of Ziziphora tenuior extracts showed less inflammation compared to the group receiving dexamethasone. However, no significant difference was seen.
Ziziphora tenuior extract dose-dependently decreases inflammation of ear edema test induced via Xylenol significantly. Probably, the presence of Flavonoids found in the herb, causes its anti-inflammatory effects

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease with debilitating consequences and few therapeutic strategies exist for it. With regard to antioxidant capacity and anti-β-amyloid polymerization potential of ellagic acid, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of this substance on enhanced acetylcholinesterase reactivity in an experimental model of Alzheimer′s disease induced by beta amyloid25-35 in the rat.
In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups, i.e. sham, treated-sham, Alzheimeric, and treated-Alzheimeric. For induction of AD, 2 µl of β-amyloid 25-35 (10 µg/2 µl) was microinjected bilaterally into CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. The daily treatment with ellagic acid was done for one week at a dose of 10 mg/kg (i.p.) till 1 h pre-surgery. At third week after surgery, histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase reactivity was performed.
Alzheimeric group showed enhanced reactivity for acetylcholinesterase in dorsal hippocampus that was significant as compared to sham group (p
Pretreatment of beta amyloid-induced-Alzheimeric rats by ellagic acid could ameliorate acetylcholinesterase reactivity in the dorsal hippocampus and this could possibly improve memory deterioration in AD.

To investigate the correlation between lower and higher order sensory functions and manual dexterity as well as to identify the sensory measures that could predict manual dexterity in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD).
In this cross-sectional study, 55 patients with idiopathic PD by mean age of 59.85 ± 11.89 years, and mean Hoehn and Yahr stage of 2.76 ± 1.37 were non-randomly selected. Lower order sensory function (i.e., light touch threshold), higher order sensory functions (i.e., tactile acuity, weight and texture discrimination, haptic performance and wrist proprioception) as well as gross and fine manual dexterity were measured in both hands.
The results showed that light touch threshold and tactile acuity (measured by static two point discrimination (TPD) were not significantly associated with gross or fine manual dexterity in dominant or non-dominant hand. Tactile acuity (measured by moving TPD), weight discrimination and wrist proprioception were weakly correlated with gross and fine manual dexterity in both hands. A weak to moderate significant relation was found between texture discrimination and haptic performance and both type of manual dexterity in both hands. Haptic performance predicted the largest proportion of variance in the gross manual dexterity of both hands as well as fine manual dexterity of dominant hand.
This study showed the low to moderate correlation between higher order sensory functions and manual dexterity in patients with idiopathic PD. Haptic performance seems to be the most influential higher order sensory function associated with manual dexterity in these patients.

Due to the presence of some evidence for anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of Tribulus terrestris (TT), this study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of TT in streptozotocin-diabetic rats using formalin test and hot tail immersion tests.
Rats were divided into control, TT-treated control, diabetic, sodium salicylate (SS)-treated diabetic (as positive control), and TT-treated diabetic groups. The treatment groups received oral administration of TT-mixed pelleted food (3%) for 5 weeks. Serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation was also measured.
TT treatment of diabetic rats reduced pain score only in chronic phase of the formalin test (p
Taken together, 5-week administration of TT could attenuate nociceptive score in chronic phase of formalin test in streptozotocin-induced experimental model of diabetes mellitus and has no significant effect on thermal pain threshold and part of its beneficial effect is exerted via attenuation of lipid peroxidation and possibly reduction of oxidative stress.