فهرست مطالب

Basic & Clinical Pathophysiology - Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2017

Journal of Basic & Clinical Pathophysiology
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/02/07
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • Naeme Haji Alizade, Mehdi Abdolvahab, Hosein Bagheri, Mahmood Jalili, Ahmadreza Baghestani, Ebrahim Entezari, Mahboobe Mandegari Page 1
    Background And Objective
    Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA) is considered to be one of the main causes of acquired motor disability in adults. Different motor rehabilitation programs are being designed in order to improve motor difficulties of patients with CVA. In the current study we aimed to assess the effect of task-based mirror therapy on upper limb functions and activities of daily living in patients with CVA.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty one patients with CVA were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (mirror therapy) (11 individuals) and control (10 individuals) and the both groups were receiving the usual rehabilitation protocol. The intervention group also received mirror therapy besides the usual program. Motor functions and activities of daily living were assessed via different tests (including: Box and Block test, Jebsen Taylor test, Minnesota manual dexterity test and Barthel scale) before and after the intervention course.
    Results
    The results showed that regarding the effect of task-based mirror therapy on different motor skills and activities of daily living, measured by mentioned tests, the main effect of time as well as the interaction effect of group × time was significant (p
    Conclusion
    Generally, our findings in the present investigation suggest that mirror therapy has the potential to improve upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with chronic CVA.
    Keywords: Task- based mirror therapy, Activity of daily living, Cerebro-Vascular Accident, upper limb function
  • Ahia Garshasbi, Tooba Ghazanfari, Farid Zayeri, Maryam Kamali Page 13
    Background And Objective
    Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is defined as vomiting sufficiently severe to produce weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory and trophoblast-derived cytokine has ability to induce trophoblasts to secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The purpose of our study was to assay the level of IL-6 and β-hCG in serum of pregnant women suffering from HG during the first trimester of pregnancy and compare with gestational age-matched controls and normal non pregnant women.
    Materials And Methods
    Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and β-hCG were measured in 30 healthy non pregnant women and 30 women with HG, 30 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and 30 normal pregnant women, matched for age, parity and gestational age .
    Results
    Mean serum levels of β-hCG were higher in women with HG. There was a significant difference between the three groups (P
    Conclusion
    IL-6 levels rise in women with HG and this could lead to higher levels of hCG seen in these patients. It appears that IL-6 does not have a primary role in etiology of HG.
    Keywords: Hyperemesis gravidarum, Nausea, vomiting, Pregnancy, Interleukin-6, hCG
  • Ashkan Sanaie Rad, Elham Zahedi, Fariba Ansari, Mohsen Khalili Page 19
    Background And Objective
    Regarding inefficiency of common drugs used for alleviation of anxiety due to narcotics withdrawal, the present study was evaluated methadone and haloperidol co-drugs therapy on anxiety due to morphine withdrawal.
    Materials And Methods
    Ninety eight NMRI male mice were divided into acute and chronic experimental groups. Then, each group was divided into 7 subgroups: saline, morphine (control), methadone, haloperidol, methadone薩梥皉, methadone薩梥皉 with 2/1 and 1/2 ratio, respectively. Mice were addicted chronically (over 8 days) by receiving escalating doses of morphine and acute (morphine was applied only on 8th day) procedures. Anxiety was induced by naloxone application in addicted mice. Elevated plus-maze and open field tests were used for evaluation of anxiety.
    Results
    Obtained data showed that in both chronic and acute groups, treatment with co-drugs methadone and haloperidol could markedly alleviate anxiety signs produced by interruption of morphine consumption.
    Conclusion
    We found out that the anxiety as a major sign of morphine withdrawal sign could be diminished by methadone薩梥皉 therapy versus drugs alone.
    Keywords: morphine, anxiety, methadone, haloperidol, mice
  • Mehrdad Roghani, Fereshteh Mehraein, Maryam Zamani, Feraidoon Negahdar, Asieh Shojaee Page 27
    Background And Objective
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been interests in the role of the free radical damage in PD. Cinnamon and its derivative, cinnamaldehyde acts as powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. This research focused on the effects of cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde on neurons of SNc of a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.
    Materials And Methods
    45 adult male mice with an average weight of 25-35 g were divided into 9 groups of 5 each: group 1: control PBS, group 2: control serum, group 3: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), group 4: MPTP low dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (20 mg/kg), group 5: MPTP high dose of cinnamon extract pretreatment (40 mg/kg), group 6: MPTP low dose of cinnamon extract treatment (20 mg/kg), group7: MPTP high dose of cinnamon extract treatment (40 mg/kg), group 8: MPTP cinnamaldehyde pretreatment (30 mg/kg), group 9: MPTP cinnamaldehyde treatment (30 mg/kg). Rotarod test was used to assess motor and balance of the mice. After behavioral studies, all mice were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with 0.1 M PBS (PH=7.4) followed by 4% buffered paraformaldehyde fixative. The brain of the mice were removed and fixed in the paraformaldehyde and stained for Nissl and the number of Nissl-stained neurons were counted. Data was analyzed using SPSS software by one way ANOVA.
    Results
    Aqueous cinnamon extract and cinnamaldehyde improved rotarod performance of MPTP-lesioned mice and prevented loss of Nissl-stained neurons of SNc of the midbrain.
    Conclusion
    These findings suggest that cinnamaldehye as a natural antioxidant may protect neurons of SNc neurons against Parkinson’s disease.
    Keywords: Cinnamon, Cinnamaldehyde, Dopaminergic neurons, Parkinson's disease, MPTP
  • Zahra Mokhtari, Tourandokht Baluchnejadmojarad, Mehrdad Roghani Page 33
    Background And Objective
    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder specified by deposition of b-amyloid (Ab) and neuronal loss that leads to learning and memory disturbances. One of the most important causes of AD is glutamate-dependent excitotoxicity in brain regions that is vulnerable to AD. According to previous reported results, it was revealed that riluzole, as a glutamate release inhibitor, could improve learning and memory in an experimental model of AD. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of riluzole on Hippocampal astrogliosis and amyloidosis in a rat model of AD.
    Materials And Methods
    In the present study, the effects of riluzole administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day p.o. on hippocampal glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) as an astrogliosis marker and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level in Ab (25-35)-injected rats was evaluated.
    Results
    The results showed that in Ab (25–35)-injected rats, the intrahippocampal GFAP (p
    Conclusion
    This study indicates that in rat model of AD, riluzole is able to attenuate NO synthesis with reducing hippocampal iNOS level, probably through inhibition of glutamatergic signaling pathway.
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Riluzole, GFAP, iNOS, beta amyloid
  • Gholamali Naderi, Mehrdad Roghani Page 39
    Background And Objective
    Changes of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase are involved in pathogenesis of different nervous disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. This research work was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Pistacia lentiscus ethanolic extract on acetylcholinesterase activity.
    Materials And Methods
    Activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured by Ellman method, using scale. Then, Lineweaver Burk plot was used to calculate Km, Vmax and Ki. In all phases, the enzyme’s concentration was constant and its activity was measured at six different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) at room temperature (25 °C) and based on the optical absorption at 412 nm wavelength. Experiments were conducted in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and also Pistacia lentiscus (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml).
    Results
    Ki of inhibitors were measured at different concentrations of acetylthiocholine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mM) and also in the presence of various concentrations of physostigmine and Pistacia lentiscus (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ug/ml). IC50 of physostigmine and Pistacia lentiscus were determined as 2.9 and 6.5 μg/ml, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Since lower levels of Ki and IC50 indicate higher inhibitory effects on the enzyme, therefore, results show that physostigmine is a stronger inhibitor than Pistacia lentiscus.
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Acetylcholinesterase, Pistacia lentiscus, Inhibitory, Physostigmine
  • Reza Sedaghat, Zahra Zarrinkhameh, Siamak Afshin-Majd, Fariba Ansari, Maryam Sharayeli, Mehrdad Roghani Page 45
    Background And Objective
    Temporal lobe epilepsy is hallmarked with neuronal degeneration in some areas of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting in dentate area. Considering some evidences on neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin (SM), this study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive effect of this agent on structural changes in hippocampus of kainate-epileptic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 32 male rats were divided into sham, SM-treated sham, epileptic, and SM-treated epileptic group. Rat model of epilepsy was induced by unilateral intrahippocampal administration of 0.8 μg kainic acid per rat. Rats received SM (100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 3 days before the surgery. Finally, brain sections were stained with Nissl and Timm methods.
    Results
    Induction of epilepsy was followed by a significant seizure and SM pretreatment did not lower seizure intensity. In addition, density of Nissl-stained neurons in CA3 and CA4 areas of hippocampus was significantly lower in epileptic rats versus sham (p
    Keywords: Silymarin, Temporal lobe epilepsy, Seizure, Hippocampus