نشریه حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 24، بهار 1396)

The global economy faces financial crisis every so often. In recent years, the financial crisis has affected the global economy and all countries are involved in, diirectly or indirectly. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of the global economic crisis on the financial leverage of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test this effect, 87 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange are studied during the period 1385 to 1390. In this study are used earnings before interest and tax, depreciation expense, assets, research and development expenses and the dummy variable, global economic crisis as the independent variables. The book debt ratios and the market debt ratios are used as dependent variables (the financial leverage). The results suggest a significant relationship between the global economic crisis and the market debt ratios. But no significant relationship is found between the global economic crisis and the book debt ratios.

This study aimed to clarify the notion of “Global Corporate Citizenship”. Along with the appearance of this notion, There have been different viewpoints about this notion, but there is no consensus on its definition. It seems in such situation, the context of the firms in which they talk about their corporate citizenship and responsibilities is the best source to understand this emerging notion. In this study, sustainability reports of some of 100 best corporate citizens reported at Corporate Responsibility Magazine that have expressed themselves on international area, are discussed. The manner employed to present responsibility reports, has specified the perspective of the firms about corporate citizenship concept and their stand in global markets. Finally it is discussed whether the firms use sustainability and corporate citizenship reports in order to have a sustainable world or in order to gain reputation and profit. If so, is such situation still acceptable way in moving toward sustainability goals?

How much capital and liquidity does a bank need to support its risk taking activities? During the recent financial crisis, answers to this question using standard approaches, e.g., regulatory capital ratios, were no longer credible, and thus broad-based supervisory stress testing became the new tool. Stress test investigates banks position in case of a financial crisis and assists supervisory bodies to pass probable financial crisis in future. Bank balance sheets are opaque and susceptible to asset substitution (easy swapping of high risk for low risk assets), so stress tests by openly disclosing details of the results and approaches taken can provide clarity and regain trust that the cost-benefit of stress testing disclosures may lead to more aggregated information instead of bank-specific information. This paper lays out a suggested framework for the stress testing of banks, including how stress testing is done (design and execution) and how their disclosure should be handled in crisis vs. normal times. Furthermore, significance and benefits of stress testing, which has been a popular tool for the regulatory community in the course of the recent financial crisis, are explained.

Public Sector Accounting Research is one of the main research areas in accounting. In recent years, researches in this area have encountered great changes. The objective of present paper is to investigate the evolution of public sector accounting studies in Iran and around the world with a descriptive and analytic approach. Recently, numerous studies have been done on reviewing public sector accounting researches but internal studies have not paid sufficient attention to this issue. In the beginning section of this paper the situation of publication of public sector accounting research in Iran and around the world has been investigated and in the next sections current paradigms of these researches have been analyzed. Finally, after introducing some of the public sector accounting research groups in universities around the world, conclusion and discussion of the paper has been provided.
Public Sector Accounting Research is one of the main research areas in accounting. In recent years, researches in this area have encountered great changes.

Abstract is as below: Abstract is :Product market competition can have effect on many factors in the company and this affect perform significant role in Managers and investor's decision making. Therefore, the present study examines how product market competition effect the Agency cost, capital structure and cost of capital corporations in Tehran Stock Exchange. The researcher has used Herfindhal-Hirschman index to measure product market competition, Agency cost of turning assets ratio, capital structure as the total debts to total assets and the cost of capital was calculated using the weighted average cost of capital. After investigating the hypothesis of the research at the period of 1388 to 1393, the number of 90 companies was evaluated. The results show that there is a negative relationship between product market competition, capital structure and the cost of capital. but there is no relationship between product market competition and capital structure.

As financial crimes committed by white-collar criminals like money laundering have become more widespread and complicated, we need forensic accountants who can detect frauds and assist the judicial system with finding and preventing crimes. This research aims to study the role of forensic accountants in the trails of money laundering. It is a descriptive causal-comparative study done by a questionnaire. The data is analyzed through the binominal independent T-test in SPSS. The population included the judges in different courts in Tehran, the lawyers in Iran Bar Association, the official experts of the judiciary and the official accountants in Tehran. The sample comprised 60 people selected from the population through the availability sampling method. The results show that in money laundering proceedings the forensic accountants who have a PhD degree are more effective than those who have a master’s degree. Also, the forensic accountants with more years of service are more efficient, and finally the male forensic accountants are more effective than their female counterparts.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of internal factors include (earnings per share, dividend per share price to earnings ratio, liquidity ratio, return on assets and the capital increase), on the stock price changes of investment companies listed on the Stock Exchange Tehran stock. This research method is descriptive, and since it pays to investigate the possible cause-effect relationships through the conditions and causal factors in the past, placed among the events or retrospective studies. The study population would also be included all investment companies in the financial intermediation industry and ancillary activities, during of the time between 2007 to 2014. For data collection field and library methods. But, for analysis of data used of Excel and Eviews software. Also, by the statistical tests such as correlation and multivariate regression, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, used for the tested of hypotheses. The results of the main hypothesis in spite of a relationship between dependent and independent variables proposed a regression model at confidence of 95%, 3 variables of earnings per share, dividend per share and the ratio of price to earnings, liquidity ratio affects more the supply and demand and finally on the price of stock compared to other factors.

This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the reaction of investors.In this study the mechanisms of corporate governance as the independent variable and And response investors has been considered as the dependent variable. And measure response investors is also shareholder returns. In this study the mechanisms of corporate governance, institutional ownership, ownership concentration, ownership structure and board independence were evaluated. Territory where research includes companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange and the period from the beginning of the year 2007 till 2014 is that due to limitations in total, 176 companies were selected. Research hypotheses using pooled least squares regression showed that none of the corporate governance mechanisms studied in this research (institutional ownership, ownership concentration, ownership structure and independence of the board of directors) have no effect on the response investors . So all four of our research hypothesis that corporate governance mechanisms affect on the response investors be rejected.