فصلنامه بهداشت در عرصه
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1396)

Antibiotics are potential pollutants that their disposal and release into the environment and especially aqueous solutions may result in serious problems. Owing to the high toxicity and low biodegradability of these compounds, their residuals mayhave adverse effects on human health and other organisms. In this study, the removal of ciprofloxacin by chitosan composite/zeolite was investigated.
The effect of various parameters including initial concentration of antibiotic, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the process was studied.The design expert software and response surface methodology were used to investigate the effects of operating variables and optimization conditions. Kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies were done and physical and structural features were determined using SEM, FT-IR and pHpzc. In carrying out this study and the use of resources, ethical issues were all considered.
The maximum removal efficacy of ciprofloxacin (97.5%) was at initial concentration 5mg/L, pH 7, adsorbent dosage2 g/L, and contact time 37.5 min. The initial concentration of ciprofloxacin and adsorbent dosage were most effective parameters on the removal efficiency. Adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the experimental data best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.9995). Kinetic studies identified second order model as a suitable model for description of adsorption process(R2= 9973).
The present study showed that the adsorption process by chitosan / zeolite composite as a suitable adsorbent can be a cost effective and good alternative to remove antibiotics from aqueous solutions.

Marital satisfaction makes couples feel comfort in their life. Premenstrual syndrome is an event ichallenging the social adjustment and normal activities of person. This study aims to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and men,s awareness and practice towards PMS in the city of Kerman in 2016.
This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 240 couples referred to health centers in Kerman city. The data collection was performed through the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool, a standard questionnaire Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) to determine marital satisfaction, and a questionnaire on men,s awareness and practice towards Premenstrual syndrome. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA using SPSS software and correlation tests to evaluate differences between the results. Ethical issues were also considered in all stages of study.
The results indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between men,s and women›s satisfaction. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between men,s and women,s satisfaction with the men,s behavior(p=0.001). However, an inverse but significant relationship between the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms and men,s and women,s satisfaction was obtained (p=0.002, r=0.138).
Regarding the relationship between awarness and practice scores, it can be expected that with increased awareness of couples about premenstrual syndrome, marital satisfaction could be improved.

Phenolic compounds in water and wastewater not only have deleterious effects on human health and ecosystem, but also change water flavor. Various adsorbents have therefore been suggested for phenol removal from water. In this article, the adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by sugar bagasse was investigated.
Material and Prepared bagasse was activated and certain amount of phenol was added on it, tubes were centrifuged in certain time intervals, then the bagasse removed from solution. Following adsorbent, the solution was centrifuged and the prepared bagasse were separated from the solution at certain time intervals.
Residual solution was analyzed with UV spectrophotometer for remaining phenol concentrations. Data were analyzed using EXCEL2010 and PRISM6 software. All ethical issues have been considered throughout the study.
The results showed that phenol adsorption by the sugar bagasse decreased with increase in pH and initial phenol concentration, while it was decreased with increase in adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. In 10 and 20 mg/L of phenol concentration, a high removal efficiency (≥ 50 %) was observed.
The optimal condition adsorption of phenol were suitable pH=3, adsorbent dosage=2 g and contact = 50 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was also 16mg/g. Experimental data were analyzed with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and the correlation coefficients were 0.9755 and 0.8359, respectively.
Bagasse, as a new adsorbent, could effectively remove phenol in optimal conditions. The adsorption isotherm was best fitted by Freundlich adsorption model.

Patients with breast cancer get negative perceptions of body image, which affects their marital relationships. There are a lot of related studies and, thus, it is possible to provide a complete, exhaustive summary of current literature relevant to these articles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the effects of therapeutic-supportive interventions on body image in patients with breast cancer using a systematic review design.
In this systematic review study, Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, Cochrane library, ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed [including Medline]
were searched for retrieving articles published between 1990 and 2016 during July to September 2016. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies remained for assessing their quality which were finally evaluated by using a Jadad scale.This study with the design code 224/95 and IR.MAZUMS.
REC.95.S.122. was registered in the Student Committee.
Among 9 articles in this systematic review, 6 articles were of semi-experimental type and the remaining 3 articles were clinical trial studies. Results of 5 articles showed that intervention has improved body image in the patients. In this study, the results were organized on two-Category of primary outcome (impact of interventions on body image) and secondary outcome (age, assessment tool, duration of followup and treatment). Assessment of studies revealed that the objectives of studies, explaining of results, inclusion and exclusion criteria were the strength points of these articles. Describing of blinding and attrition were also the weaknesses points of these studies.
Considering some disagreements between studies, further studies are needed with most efficient ways.

Chromium (VI) is one of the very toxic heavy metals and is known as a carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic agent. In this study, the ability of dead Aspergillus Terreus fungus biomass in the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated.
The suspension of AspergillusTerreus was cultivated in Potato Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Broth mediums. The biomass was then boiled in 0.5 N NaOH solution. The ability of obtained biomass to absorb Chromium (VI) was studied with respect to various variables including time (15 to 120 min), pH (3 to 11), chromium (VI) concentration (20 to 120 mg/L) and absorbent dosage (0.1 to 0.8 g). Chromium concentration was determined using an atomic absorption of. All ethical issues and citations were taken into consideration in conducting the study.
Results showed that the maximum removal of chromium (89%) was obtained at contact time 90 min, pH=7, chromium concentration 20 mg/L and adsorbent dosage 0.6 g. The adsorption isotherm was best fitted by Freundlich with a high correlation coefficient (R2=0.952). Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics fitted well to the pseudo-first-order model with a correlation coefficient of 0.9775.
The results of present study indicated that the studied variables have an incredible effect on sorption efficiency, as in the optimum condition, the biomass of AspergillusTerreus obtained an acceptable efficiency and adoration capacity compared to other adsorbents. So, this compound can be introduced as a practical natural adsorbent for chromium removal and also other heavy metals form aqueous solutions.

Puberty is a period of psychological, physical, mental, emotional and social growth in which the development of personality takes place. This study was aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention on promoting the Knowledge and Menstrual Health Behaviors in female high school students at their first grade in Khamir city in 2015-2016.
The present quasi-experimental study, along with a control group, was conducted in female high school students in Khamir city. Totally, 120 eligible teen girls were involved in our study. The questionnaire consisted of three part: demographic information, awareness and health behaviors concerning puberty. The questionnaire was completed before and two months after the intervention. The contents of training was presented through lecture, group discussion with teaching aids such as booklets.
Paired t-test and independent t-test were used for data analysis by SPSS22 Software. Ethical issues such as confidentiality of studied community were all considered.
It was found that the mean of Knowledge score increased from 11.81±2.60 to 17.48±2.18 after the educational intervention. Similarly, the mean of behavior score increased from 19.93±2.68 to 25.26±3.53 in the intervention group as compared with the control. Both findings were statistically significant (P Health education played a statistically significant role in promoting the awareness and improving the behavior of students about their adolescent health. Thus, pubertal health education during menstruation should be emphasized to reform the health behaviors of girls during adolescence.