Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2012

To describe the relationship of blood lead levels (BLL) and blood, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and haematocrit value (Hct) to menopause, were examined 17 pre-or perimenopausal (PreM) and 17 postmenopausal women (PosM) from Prishtina City, the capital of Republic Kosovo. The mean age of the PreM women was 28.8 years (21-46), with a mean blood lead level of 1.2 μg/dL (SD=0.583 μg/dL), the mean blood ALAD activity 53.2 U/LE (SD= 2.8 U/LE) and haematocrit value 42.1 % (SD= 4.3 %). The mean age of the PosM women was 53.6 years (43-67), with a mean blood lead level 1.9 μg/dL (SD=0.94 μg/dL), the mean blood ALAD activity 44.4 U/LE (SD=7.2 U/LE) and haematocrit value 42.1 % (SD= 4.3 %) and 42.2 % (SD=4.4 %). The BPb level of PosM women was significantly higher (P<0.001) in comparison with the BPb level in PreM women. The blood ALAD activity of PosM was significantly inhibited (P<0.002) in comparison with blood ALAD activity in PreM women. The haematocrit values were relatively unchanged. There was established significantly negative correlation between BPb and blood ALAD activity (r=- 0.605; P<0.01) in the PreM women. These results support the hypothesis that release of bone lead stores increases during menopause and constitutes an internal source of exposure possibly associated with adverse health effects on women in menopause transition.

A simple and reproducible method for the rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper(II) ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 1-(2-Pyridyl Azo)2-Naphtol(PAN) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was presented. The method was based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISKTM disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution was efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, ligand amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to about 1000mL providing a preconcentration factor of 500. In the present study, we reported the application of preconcentration techniques still continues increasingly for trace metal determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for quantification of Cu in Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from Liver loggerhead turtles. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be 389± 4 µg for Cu2+.The limit of detection of the proposed method was 5ng per 1000mL.The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of copper in different water samples.

B-carboline alkaloids such as harmaline and nicotine are naturally present in the human food chain. Plants which contain B-caroline have anxiety and hallucinogenic effects. In this study the change in like – anxiety behaviors was investigated after intra- amygdala injections of nicotine and harmaline and intra action of them in male rat. Different doses of Harmaline, Nicotine and its compounds were applied for 30 minutes, before test of anxiety injection to (CeA) amygdale. Then like anxiety behavior include open arm time and Locomotor activity, spent open arm time, entriar open arm in maze were examined for 5 minute. Bilateral injection of Harmaline and Nicotine was decreased in to (CeA) amygdale one-by- one open arm times in control group. Injections of effective does of Nicotine could increase anxiety effects of Harmaline. Furthermore, Injection of ineffective doses of drugs has increased anxiety. The results show that Harmaline and Nicotine have anxiety effects. Also muscarinic and Nicotine receptor have important role in Like- anxiety behaviors. Acetylcholine in CeA amygdale thorough Nicotine receptors caused anxiety behaviors. Joined injection increased them effective.

A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of copper(II) based on the adsorption of its Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber. Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber (PANF) was prepared by adding of acrylic fibers to mSethanolamine (MMA) with different concentration solutions. The stability of a chemically Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber. The application of this Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber for sorption of a series of metal ions was performed by using different controlling factors such as the pH of metal ion solution and the equilibration shaking time by the static technique. Cu (II) was found to exhibit the highest affinity towards extraction by these Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber phases. The pronounced selectivity was also confirmed from the determined distribution coefficient (Kd) of all the metal ions, showing the highest value reported for Cu (II) to occur by Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber. The potential applications of Modified nano polyacrylonitrile fiber for selective extraction of Cu(II) to occur from aqueous solution were successfully accomplished as well as pre- concentration of low concentration of Cu(II) (60 pg ml-1) from natural tap water with a pre-concentration factor of 100 for Cu(II) off-line analysis by flame atomic absorption analysis.

In this study theeffect of drought stress was investigated on grain yield and oil rate and protein percentage of four varieties of castor in the climatic conditions of Damghan. The experiment was done in the research farm of Damghan Islamic Azad University(Iran) in 2011 as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots of drought stress were 5, 10 and15 days and another factor included four varities of castor (one-flower, two- flower, local and red-flower) which were performed in stable density of five bushes per cultured square meter. Therefore, after gremination, the amount of irrigation water was recorded using volumetric meters. The traits evaluated included oil rate, seed protein percentage, and grain yield. The results show that two-flower variety with 1241 kg per hectare on 5-day drought stress has the most grain yield. Most oil rate was observed in two-flower variety on 5 day drought stress with 496.4 kg/ha.

Reactions of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with biological molecules in vivo play an important physiological role in many diseases. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a stable free radical and often used as a routine reagent to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant. This study was undertaken to investigate the free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of Zinc, Vitamin C and mixture of them. UV-Vis spectrophotometry method was used to evaluate the ability of Zinc, Vitamin C and mixture of them to scavenge DPPH radical. The kinetic parameters such as rate constant and activation energy in experimental conditions were calculated. The rate constants of the H atom abstraction by DPPH (), in the presence of Zinc, Vitamin C and mixture of them were obtained (0.4209, 2.092 and 1.82 min-1) respectively, under pseudo-first-order conditions at 25 oC.

In this study, 42 samples of silage were collected in Qaemshahr city in Iran during fall 2011. Samples were tested by competitive ELISA for total aflatoxins. Seven samples (16.7%) (Mean±se:1.24) from 42 silage samples were positive with total aflatoxin (1.1-27.3 ppb) in Nov., Dec. and Oct. The highest contamination was observed in Oct., three samples (21.4%) from 14 samples were contaminated with total aflatoxin by 22.2 ppb, 25.6 and 27.3 ppb. The culture results of samples showed that the most toxinigenic fungi among 57 colonies were Aspergillus sp. with fifteen (% 31.5), Fusarium sp. With thirteen (% 22.8), Alternaria spp. With twelve (21.05%), Penicillium spp. with nine (%15.78) and Acremonium sp. with five (8.77%) and also the most nontoxigenic fungi were cladosporium spp. with fifteen (% 37.5), Rhizopus spp. with nine (% 22.5), Mucor spp. with six (15%), yeast with six (15%) and Scopulariopsis spp. with four (10%) colonies isolated in culture medium among 40 colonies of nontoxigenic fungi.