Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2012

The purpose of this study was evaluation of genotoxic effects of environmental pollution with heavy metals in inhabitants of Mitrovica town (which is located close to smelter “Treça” down closed). In this study, 55 inhabitants (males) from Mitrovica town and 20 (males) control subjects with similar mean ages and smoking prevalence were enrolled for analysis of micronuclei frequency in epithelial buccal cells. The subjects of Mitrovica town showed significant increase micronuclei frequency (p< 0.001) in epithelial buccal cells compared to controls and with respect to their smoking habits. The current study suggests that chronic exposure to pollution with heavy metals could lead to increase of DNA damage.

Pollution results when a change in the environment harmfully affects the quality of human life including effect on animals, microorganisms and plants. Among the broad range of organic pollutants contaminating soil-water environment, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are of great environment concern. Oil contaminated soil will affect germination, plant height, leaf area and biomass production. The aim of this research was to elucidate effects of oil pollution on morphological characteristics in Fabaceae family. For this purpose species of Faba vulgaris and Vicia ervilia were planted in different concentrations of oil in soil. For morphological studies, studied species were removed from polluted and non polluted soils separately and some morphological characters were studied in these species, then these characters were compared in plants, collected from polluted and non polluted soil. Finally, the level of significance of these differences was elucidated by using of SPSS. Obtained results showed that oil pollution can cause some abnormalities in structure of vegetative parts in plants grown on polluted soils. Decreasing of plant length and stem diameter and changing the leaf shape was among the most important effects of oil on morphological characteristics in Faba vulgaris and Vicia ervilia.

This study was carried out for investigating the effect of amount and timing of foliar urea in increasing silage yield and protein content of fodder, in a maize field in Neyshabour, Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011 summer crop season. A split plot design with factorial arrangement and three replications were used. Treatments were timing of foliar urea application (a week before tasselling, mid anthesis and early milk stage), urea levels (zero (check), five and 7.5 g.lit-1) and two hybrids of corn (Sc 704) and forage sorghum (speed feed). The results indicated that the concentration of nitrogen had significant effect to increase forage protein and silage yield (correcting by 280 g.kg-1 of dry matter). The highest forage protein concentrations for both crops and silage yield were achieved with 7.5 g.lit-1 of urea application, but the silage yield of sorghum was more than that of corn. The results showed that urea spraying can effectively increase the fodder nitrogen and silage protein, respectively, with the least possible cost, and in this respect it has an important role in providing quality and environmental safe forage for producer and consumer, meanwhile the adverse effects of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer are reduced.

Oil pollution is a worldwide threat to the environment. The remediation of oil contaminated soils, sediments and water is a major challenge for environment. Phytoremediation is an emerging green technology that uses plants to remediate soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater in environment which contaminated with toxic metal, organics, and radionuclide. In this study, some species of Fabaceae family were chosen and planted in different concentrations of oil pollution in soil, to identify the tolerant species. It was done in period of 40 days in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed the highest level of light crude contamination, which the plant is able to grow,is 8% with 3.3 cm for lathyrussativus species and 6% with 7cm for Lens culinaris. So among the studied species Lathyrussativus and Lens culinaris were tolerant species that could grow in high concentrations of oil pollution. These species can be suggested to phytoremediation of oil-polluted soils.

phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared by grafted phenyl-iminodiacetic acid groups onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes via a diazotation reaction. The stability of chemically phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes in concentrated hydrochloric acid which was then used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The application of this phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sorption of a series of metal ions was performed by using different controlling factors such as the pH of metal ion solution and the equilibration shaking time by the static technique. Zn(II) was found to exhibit the highest affinity towards extraction by these phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes phases. The pronounced selectivity was also confirmed from the determined distribution coefficient (Kd) of all the metal ions, showing the highest value reported for Zn(II) to occur by phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The potential applications of phenyl-iminodiacetic acid grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for selective extraction of Zn(II) to occur from aqueous solution were successfully accomplished as well as pre- concentration of low concentration of Zn(II) (60 pg ml-1) from natural tap water with a pre-concentration factor of 100 for Zn(II) off-line analysis by flame atomic absorption analysis.

Aluminum stress is considered as limiting factor of plant performance. Many studies showed that inoculating plants by mycorrhizal fungi and using salicylic acid increased the resistance of many plants against heavy metals toxicity. The purpose of this study was to consider the role of Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices fungi and of salicylic acid in increasing resistance of green basil against aluminum toxicity. This experiment was performed in factorial plan based on random blocks in greenhouse conditions. The results of this study showed that aluminum caused increase in reduced sugar in shoot and root and increase in proline in shoot, while destructive effects of aluminum chloride were adjusted in pretreated – salicylic acid or inoculated – mycorrhizal fungi plants

In this work preconcentration of the Zn ions was investigated in water sample by Dispersive liquid- liquid micro extraction (DLLME) using chloroform as an extraction solvent, methanol as a disperser solvent and 8-Hydroxyquinoline as a chelating agent. The determination of extracted ions was done by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of various analytical parameters including pH, extraction and disperser solvent type and volume and concentration of the chelating agent on the extraction efficiency of analyses was investigated. After extraction, the enrichment factor was 26 and the detection limit of the method was 0.0033 µg l-1 and the relative standard deviations (R.S.D) for five determinations of 1 ng/ml Zn were 7.41%.

The multivariate calibration method was applied for the determination of trace amounts of gold based on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in the presence of rhodanine, followed by reduction of adsorbed gold by voltammetric scan using differential pulse modulation The optimum experimental conditions are: rhodanine concentration of 0.20 mg mL-1, pH 5.0, accumulation potential of -600 mV versus Ag/AgCl, accumulation time of 100 sec, scan rate of 30 mV s-1 and pulse height of 100 mV. The calibration matrix for partial least squares (PLS) regression was designed with 9 samples. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is a preprocessing technique used for removing the information unrelated to the target variables based on constrained principal component analysis. OSC is a suitable preprocessing method for PLS calibration without loss of prediction capacity using electrochemical method. The RMSEP for gold determination with PLS and OSC-PLS were 8.51 and 1.94, respectively. This procedure allows the determination of gold in synthetic and real samples with good reliability of the determination.