فهرست مطالب

Chemical Health Risks - Volume:6 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/01/21
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Aida Farhoodi, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Payman Ghajarbeygi, Omid Fakhri Page 85
    Milk and dairy products are important components of a balanced diet. Milk does have distinct physicochemical, biological and microbial characteristics. The bacterial contamination of milk not only reduces the nutritional quality but its consumption threatens health of the society. In this study, 100 pasteurized milk samples were collected randomly from Tabriz City, northwestern and were analyzed for total plate count (TPC), coliform, E. coli and some physicochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity and density). 33.3% of samples had unacceptable microbial contamination in both warm and cold seasons. E. coli contamination was not detected in all milk samples, but 54% of pasteurized milk samples were contaminated with coliforms. The pH value (6.6-6.8) and titratable acidity (0.14-0.16%) were in acceptable range. The means value of samples’ density was 1028.79±1.04. Lower microbial contamination level in this area indicates that the dairy factories are concerned about appropriate sanitary practice and pasteurization process.
    Keywords: Pasteurized milk, Microbial quality, Physicochemical properties, Iran
  • Mohammad Hashemi, Ali Ehsani, Asma Afshari, Majid Aminzare, Mojtaba Raeisi Page 91
    Molds are one of the most important causes of food spoilage that produce toxic substances called mycotoxins, which endanger the consumer health. The adverse effects of synthetic food preservatives consumption made researches to focus on application of natural preservatives in order to increase shelf life of food as well as prevention of harmful effects of chemical preservatives. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Echinophora platyloba essential oil on spore growth of Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium graminearum. The essential oil composition of E. platyloba was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its antifungal effect was evaluated by disk diffusion and micro dilution methods. Results revealed that the MIC values of essential oil for A. flavus, P. expansum and F. graminearum were 0.625 mg.mL-1, 0.625 mg.mL-1 and 0.3125 mg.mL-1 and the MFC values were 0.625 mg.mL-1, 1.250 mg.mL-1 and 0.625 mg.mL-1. The essential oil had the highest and the lowest anti-fungal effect on F. graminearum and A. flavus respectively. In conclusion, due to notable antifungal effects of E. platyloba essential oil, it can be practically applied as a natural alternative to chemical preservatives in food industry.
    Keywords: Echinophora platyloba, Essential oil, Anti, fungal activity, Phytochemical, properties
  • Reza Sepahvand, Masoum Hatamikia, Hassan Hassanzadazar, Sara Moridi, Kobra Bahari, Hajir Sepahvand, Roshanak Fatehi, Ali Bagheri, Issa Belghadr, Kiomars Javadi, Mahmoud Bahmani Page 99
    Iodine as a trace micronutrient has important role in body physiology and its sufficient intake is essential for synthesize and secrete adequate amounts of thyroid gland hormones which influenced all periods of human life including fetal, childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine concentration in marketed edible salt samples in Lorestan Province, comparing with existing standards and offering solutions necessary to fix the probably problems. Two hundred and forty samples of 20 brands of marketed edible salt were purchased randomly of eight cities in Lorestan Province during April 2014 to March 2015. Iodine concentration was measured by titration method. Results showed that iodine concentration in 64.59% of salt samples was in acceptable limits according national standard of Iran during this study. A significant number of nonstandard samples showed violation of salt factories of regulations and their noncompliance to mandatory standards. Due to importance of iodine in human health and valuable role in the vital functions of the body at different periods of human life and to avoid violations of iodized salts manufacturers, regular control of marketed salts and enforcement of laws and regulations are recommended. aflatoxin production in treated nuts.
    Keywords: Iodine, Edible salts, Iran
  • Hamidreza Boostani, Alireza Mahmoodi, Esmaiel Farrokhnejad Page 105
    The essential nutrients in the pharmacological plants play a significant role in the remedy of illnesses but, these elements at high levels; can also be dangerous and toxic. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of macro (Mg, Ca, P, and K) and micro (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) essential elements in seven indigenous pharmacological plants growing in Fars Province, southern Iran. They were established using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) and flame photometer. The results showed that there was very large variation in the element levels in studied medicinal plants. The studied medicinal plants contain appreciable quantity of K, P, Ca and Mg which are essential component of human nutrition. The highest concentration of Zn (50.7 mg kg-1 DM), Mn (1503.0 mg kg-1 DM) and Fe (1339.7 mg kg-1 DM) was found in Vitex pesedo-negundo. Verbascum thapsus had the highest concentration of Cu (23.0 mg kg-1 DM). Most of the detected values for all micro nutrients in studied medicinal plants were upper the WHO/FAO permissible levels and may cause a health hazard for consumers; thus, these medicinal plants should be used with more caution when taken orally or consumed as part of diet.
    Keywords: Health risk, Medicinal plants, Elemental composition, WHO
  • Anoosheh Sharifan, Mona Shafiee, Akram Tabatabaee Page 113
    Use of natural antimicrobial compounds extracted from plants such as cinnamon as preservative to extend the shelf life has gain much attention. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity and bio- preservative potential of the methanolic extract of Cinnamomum verum bark and its oil against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Escherichia coli in ketchup sauce. In order to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil and methanolic extract from the bark of C. verum, agar dilution method was performed. Then the effective inhibitory concentrations were evaluated on growth of test bacteria in ketchup sauce at 4 °C and room temperature in different storage times (1, 7, 14 and 30 days). In addition, the sensory quality of treated ketchups was assessed. This study showed bacteriostatic effect of the essential oils and methanolic extract on all tested bacteria. The best treatment in ketchup sauce was obtained on days 14 at 4 °C in concentrations of 1500 µg/ml essential oil. In sensory evaluation, the sample containing 1000 µg/ml essential oil had higher score in odor, taste and overall acceptability than other treated samples (P
    Keywords: Cinnamomum verum, Bio, preservative, Antimicrobial activity, Essential oil, Methanolic extract
  • Zarrin Taj Alipour Page 125
    Eutrophication is one of the most serious ecological threats to aquatic environments. It is defined as the enrichment of water bodies by organic matter or surface runoff containing nitrate and phosphate that directly control the growth of algae and other water plants. The use of nanofertilizers increases nutrient use efficiency and consequently reduces soil toxicity and minimizes the adverse effects of the over application of chemical fertilizers. This study was conducted in factorial form of a completely randomized design with four replications to evaluate the effect of phosphorus nanoparticles on the growth and nutrition of basil under salt stress. The first factor was three levels of salt stress, namely, 1, 3, and 6 dS m−1. The second factor was three levels of phosphorus fertilizer, namely, without phosphorus fertilizer (P1), ammonium phosphate (P2), and phosphorus nanoparticles (P3). Powdered elemental sulfur with a particle diameter of
    Keywords: Basil, Eutrophication, Phosphorus, Salinity
  • Farhad Hatamjafari Page 133
    In this study, the synthesis of 4H-chromenes of biological activity via a multicomponent reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile catalyzed by glutamic acid as a catalyst was investigated. The structural features of the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, IR and 1H NMR analysis. The catalyst being reported here is cheap, safe to handle and the whole procedure is eco-friendly, Milder conditions, one-pot, excellent yields, operational simplicity and ecofriendly preparation are some advantages of this protocol. The compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that these compounds reacted against all the tested bacteria and fungi.
    Keywords: Biological activity, Glutamic acid, Multicomponent reaction, 4H, Chromene, One, pot
  • Fariba Taghavian, Gholamhassan Vaezi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Ali Akbar Malekirad Page 143
    The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress in farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides with those in a control group. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 farmers of Gheinarje village in Arak, central Iran in 2012. The case group included 35 farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides, the control group consisted of 32 subjects who had no contact with organophosphate pesticides and were matched with the case group in terms of age, gender, and education.The assessment of the quality of life was done according to the scores obtained in SF-36 questionnaire. To assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 was used. A significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of mental health and quality of life in such a way that the mental health and life quality of the farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides were significantly lower than those of the control group were (P
    Keywords: Organophosphate pesticides, Quality of life, Depression, Anxiety, Stress