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Chemical Health Risks - Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/01/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Peyman Qajarbeygi, Masoud Kazeminia, Razzagh Mahmoudi Page 1
    In most societies, rich and important source of food considered bread. Some bakeries using sodium bicarbonate as baking soda and extra salt in bread production that his chemical compounds has adverse effects on the public health. That's why in this study we decided to evaluation of In most societies, rich and important source of food considered bread. Some bakeries using sodium bicarbonate as baking soda and extra salt in bread production that his chemical compounds has adverse effects on the public health. That's why in this study we decided to evaluation of produced bread in Qazvin province in terms of sodium bicarbonate and salt. Assessment of pH and salt take place according to Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (IRIS). Our Results demonstrated the mean±SD of pH for sangak, lavash, taftun, barbari and baguette 5.95±0.37, 5.76±0.54, 5.80±0.71, 6.10±0.68 and 7.86±1.26 respectively, and the mean±SD of salt 1.10±0.47, 1.41±0.57, 1.45±0.36, 1.40±0.32 and 1.55±1.09 respectively and the results demonstrated the value of pH and salt in the samples 65.77% (98 out of 149) and 12.75% (130 out of 149) respectively, out of standard range. Baking Soda in sangak breads and salt in baguette breads, more common of other breads. Although the Ministry of Health has banned officially the use of baking soda in breads production process, but demonstrated in this study baking soda and extra salt used in the process of breads production. Thus require more supervision and training on the non-use of sodium bicarbonate for bakers its necessary.
    Keywords: Bread, Food hazards, Public Health, Iran
  • Theoretical Study of Relation among Structural Parameter and Water Decontamination Behaviors of some Drugs in Presence of Carbon Nanotube
    Vahhab Fattahimehr, Farhad Khamchin Moghadam, Hadi Khatami Mashhadi Page 7
    The shortage and extremely high utilization of water resources and the necessity of water with optimal quality for drinking and agricultural use and the preservation of the environment, human has led to the purification of industrial waste and wastewater by preventing the entrance of pollutants into surface water and underground water and creating a trusted cycle. One of the most dangerous pollutants that threating human health and the environment is Pharmaceutical pollution. Due to the high solubility of drugs, conventional purification cannot completely eliminate these contaminants, and the researchers have noted the use of new techniques such as the use of nanotechnology in water treatment, which entails high initial costs. For this reason, one has to look for a solution to these costs; one of the most commonly used methods of using theoretical methods. In this study, an effective method for treating carbon nanotubes in artificial nanotubes using the artificial neural network (ANN) system and the fuzzy-nerve adaptive inference system (ANFIS) has been used. Some structural descriptors Such as polar surface area, LUMO, HOMO and molecular volume were calculated and studied for more influential performance in experimental experiments. In this regard, the control error and the test error were analyzed and the correlation between the effective parameters was determined. Then, a parameter that has a greater impact on water contamination has been identified in the presence and absence of carbon nanotubes. As a result, the polar surface has the greatest impact.
    Keywords: Purification of wastewater, Pharmaceutical pollution, Carbon nanotubes, Fuzzy-Neural Adaptive Inference System, Artificial Neural Network
  • Nanophytosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nano Particles Using Chrysanthemum parthenium Extract as an Eco-Friendly Method
    Ali Shafaghat, Mohammad Shafaghatlonbar Page 8
    The current study (in Khalkhal, 2014) deals with a simple nano phytosynthesis approach to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a methanolic extract of the leaves of Chrysanthemum parthenium along with evaluation of the corresponding physicochemical properties. Accordingly, AgNPs were analyzed and characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, the morphology and size of the reduced silver nanoparticles were determined by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) instrumentations. The FT-IR spectra of plant methanolic extract taken before and after synthesis of nanoparticles, showed the possible functional groups for the formation of AgNPs. Moreover, the SEM accounted for the formation of AgNPs with a mean size of 43.1 nm. The TEM study also confirmed the formation of AgNPs over the average size of 30-50 nm. Finally, the XRD pattern showed that the silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure and a mean size of 46.7 nm. The suggested approach involving nanophytosynthesis of AgNPs using the leaves of C. parthenium serves as a beneficial, effective, rapid, eco-friendly and easy alternative to conventional synthetic methods.
    Keywords: Nanophytosynthesis, Chrysanthemum parthenium, Spectrophotometry, Nano Silver, XRD, TEM, SEM
  • Vitus Agbazue, Nwachukwu Ekere, Benedict Ngang, Janefrances Ihedioha Page 9
    Ground water samples were collected from boreholes in Enugu Northern District, South-east Nigeria and analyzed for some metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, K, Na and Zn) contents. The metals were determined at monthly intervals for three months in dry season and then repeated in rainy season using standard methods. The range of values obtained during dry season include: Na (0.0–21.28 mg/L), K (0.0–12.03 mg/L), Cu (0.0–23.01 mg/L), Fe (0.0–11.03 mg/L), and Zn (0.01–3.00 mg/L). During rainy season, the metal contents were of the following ranges: Na (0.0-21.28 mg/L), K (1.32-15.11 mg/L), Cu (0.03-28.37 mg/L), Fe (0.0-12.29 mg/L), and Zn (0.02-3.61 mg/L). Cd and Pb were not detected in all the samples studied. The mean values of the parameters were compared with recommended standard guideline values and some were above the guideline values for drinking water quality. Seasonal variations of the parameters in the samples were observed with rainy season values higher. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS Windows Version 20 analysis showed statistically significant variations between metal contents in dry season and rainy season. Metal evaluation indices (MEI) indicated spatial and seasonal variations. Degree of metallic contamination computed showed that Cu and Fe were found to be in very high degree in both seasons.
    Keywords: Contamination, Enugu North, Groundwater, Metals, Boreholes, Seasonal variation
  • Mahboub Saffari Page 19
    Using various biochars to remove heavy metals (HMs) from aqueous solutions has been increased in recent years. It is believed that the use of nanocompounds in biochars surface structure may increase the efficiency of contaminants removal. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the efficiency of walnut-shell biochar (WSB) alone or supported by nanoscale zero-valent iron (WSB-nZVI) on cadmium (Cd) removal in aqueous solution controlled by four variables including initial Cd concentration, initial solution pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage by Box Behnken design under response surface methodology. The results of present study showed that WSB-nZVI has a significant priority on WSB of Cd removal efficiency in aqueous solutions. The existence of functional groups on the surface of WSB via precipitation and adsorption processes, as well as nZVI formed on the WSB-nZVI via generating adsorption and complexation processes, have increased the ability Cd removal than WSB raw adsorbent. The maximum predicted Cd removal efficiency based on the proposed model was 99.72% with desirability of 1, in initial Cd concentration of 70.78 mg L-1, pH of 6.92, adsorbent dose of 0.56 g L-1 and contact time of 40.42 min.
    Keywords: Box Behnken design, Biochar, Heavy metal, Nanocomposite
  • Sahar Zamani, Azim Ghasemnezhad, Soheila Ebrahimi, Mehran Fathi Page 39
    Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most common pollutants groups in the environment and threaten the human, animals and plants health. Phytoremediation is a method for cleaning the contaminated areas. Medicinal plants because of their defense mechanisms able to resist and thwart destructive effect of stressors. Some plants have better resistance, including Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.); from Asteraceae family that has polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and hepatoprotectors. To evaluation the growth potential of Artichoke and Milk Thistle in petroleum-contaminated soil, an experiment in a completely randomized design was done with 6 levels of gas oil and 3 replications in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The results showed that, gas oil hydrocarbon had a significant effect at %1 on germination percent of seed and indexes involved in seedling growth including plant height, length, and width, fresh and dry weight of artichoke leaf. In Milk Thistle, gas oil had no significant effect on germination percent. Opposite to that, significant effect at %1 on growth indexes was observed. The maximum germination percent in Artichoke and Milk Thistle seeds was observed in 20 and 10 g/kg gas oil, respectively and the minimum of germination percent was observed in seeds samples that treated with 80 g gas oil per kg soil. Artichoke seedlings were more tolerance than Milk Thistle to the contaminated soil as better growth was observed in this condition. Generally, it seems that these two valuable medicinal plants had relatively resistance to the gas oli pollution and are suggestible to use in oil contaminated soil for cleaning purpose
    Keywords: Artichoke, Gas oil, Milk Thistle, Petroleum, Hydrocarbon, Phytoremediation, Polyphenolic
  • Leyla Jafari, Maryam Khoshsokhan-Mozaffar, Elahe Vatankhah Page 51
    In this study effect of anthracene on germination, anatomy and oxidative stress in Medicagosativa was evaluated. Seed germination, length and weight of seedlings were measured after seven days of treatment (2 and 4 mmol L-1). After twelve days, anatomical changes and activity of Superoxide Dismutase, Polyphenol Oxidase, Ascorbate Peroxidase, Glutathione Transferase, Soluble Peroxidase, Malondialdehyde in shoots and roots, as well as chlorophyll content of aerial parts, were determined. Also, morphological changes during the growth in complete plants were studied. The results showed that, anthracene had no significant effect on seed germination, but reduced the length of seedlings and the weight of them. The activity of mentioned enzymes in the shoot and often in the roots, in 4 mmol L-1 anthracene significantly was increased compared to the control plants. Anthracene treatment decreased significantly Malondialdehyde levels in shoot, while it increased significantly in roots and this treatment had no significant effect on chlorophyll a and b contents. Periderm diameter increased in treated roots and xylem extent reduced in treated shoots. It seems that the low water solubility of anthracene, also, the low sensitivity of alfalfa to PAHs, partially stabilize the plant to low concentration of Anthracene.
    Keywords: Anthracene, Environmental pollution, Medicago sativa, Oxidative stress, PAHs
  • Malihe Honarmand Kashi, Mitra Sadat Tabatabaee, Nazila Arbab Soleimani Page 65
    There have been few records on microorganisms with the ability to survive and utilizehigh concentrations of heavy fractions of crude oil like asphaltene. These organisms are applicable in different aspects of petroleum industry from extraction to refining and environmental pollution treatment. To isolate such indigenous bacteria, a highly viscouscrude oil was selected and its asphaltene extracted. Isolation, enrichment, and purification of the bacterium were done in ISO 9439 medium at room temperature and 45°C as well. Studying morphological characteristics, biochemical and molecular tests were performed to identify isolated bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was subjected. To study the biodegradation of asphaltene, isolated bacteria were cultured in ISO 9439 medium for 2, 20 and 50 d at 25°C and 45°C.The efficiency of asphaltene degradationwas evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. The bacterial species, which could use asphaltene as the sole carbon and energy source, were selected. Among all, Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112 had the most degrading ability on asphaltene. The percentage of asphaltene degradation after 50 d of incubation at 25°C was 64.8%, and it was 60% at 45°C. Based on the FT-IR analysis, the isolate had the most biodegrading effect on Aldehyde compounds in comparison with other asphaltene ingredients. This amount of degradation is the most among the present records in literature.
    Keywords: Biodegradation, Asphaltenes, Crude oil