فهرست مطالب

Enteric Pathogens - Volume:5 Issue: 4, 2017 Nov

International Journal of Enteric Pathogens
Volume:5 Issue: 4, 2017 Nov

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • Mohadese Amiri, Maziar Jajarmi, Reza Ghanbarpour* Pages 100-105
    Background
    Antibiotic resistance (AR) is an important challenge in prevention, treatment and control of infectious diseases and is a public health threat for human. Escherichia coli strains are the major causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    Objective
    This research aimed to determine prevalence of resistance to quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics and screen qnr genes among E. coli isolates from UTIs.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 105 E. coli isolates were obtained from UTI cases in Bojnord city (northeast of Iran) and confirmed by biochemical tests. All strains were studied to determine their resistance to 3 antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and levofloxacin via disk diffusion method. Moreover, the frequency of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes and phylogroups was studied by conventional Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    Results
    In this study, prevalence of phenotypic AR to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin was 47.6%, 44.8% and 38.1%, respectively. Three isolates were positive for qnrS and 1 isolate was positive for qnrA. Seven phylogenetic groups were also identified as follows: 18% A0, 6.7% A1, 7.6% B1, 1.9% B22, 23.8% B23, 15.3% D1 and 26.7% D2.
    Conclusion
    Prevalence of qnr genes was very low; thus, other types of qnr and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were probably responsible for the resistance. Phenotypic AR to the 3 antibiotics was found in approximately half of E. coli strains. It is strongly recommended that antibiogram tests should be done before prescribing the ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and levofloxacin for UTIs.
    Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, fluoroquinolones, UTI, Escherichia coli, Phylogenetic background
  • Farzaneh Firoozeh, Ehsan Dadgostar, Hussein Akbari, Mohammad Zibaei*, Seyed Mohammad Sadjjad Sadjjadian, Mohammad Mehdi Moshtaghi, Alireza Shakib Pages 106-110
    Background
    Paper currency is used in exchange for services, and thisis why the circulation of paper currency from person to person expandsmicroorganisms.
    Objectives
    : Paper banknotes would be a vector for transmission of pathogenic microorganisms through handling. This study aimed to determine bacterial contamination of Iranian paper currencies in circulation and their antibiotic resistance patterns.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 337 currency notes of different value were collected from markets, shops, restaurants, bus stations and banks in Kashan, Iran during April 2015 to March 2016. The currency notes transferred to microbiology laboratory and were tested for bacterial contamination using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by disk diffusion method according to CLSI standards. The results and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
    Results
    Of 337 currency notes, 262 (77.7%) were identified with bacterial contamination. Bacteria isolated from currency notes were as follows: Bacillus spp 113 (43.1%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci 99 (37.7%), Escherichia coli 20 (7.6%), Enterococci species 14 (5.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (3.1%), Klebsiella spp 4 (1.5%), Shigella species 2 (0.8%), Pseudomonas species 2 (0.8%). The most and least contaminated currency notes were 50000 and 500 Rials, respectively. The most resistance rates in gram negative rods were against nalidixicacid, and ampicillin. Also most resistance rates in Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterococci species were against ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline.
    Conclusion
    Our study revealed that the bacterial contamination among Iranian paper currency in circulation especially those obtained from certain sources including shops and bus stations is high and in most cases these bacterial isolates are antibiotic resistant strains.
    Keywords: Paper currency, Bacterial contamination, Antibiotic resistance
  • Sara Kooti, Shahram Jalilian, Atefeh Tamimi, Noorollah Tahery, Atefaeh Zahedi, Nasim Hatefi Moadab, Nabi Jomehzadeh* Pages 111-114
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as an awesome medical issue is one of the most important pathogens of the human. Youngsters with thalassemia who get visit blood transfusions will be endangered with a high danger of HCV contamination. The point of this review is to decide the predominance of HCV disease among thalassemia patients in Abadan, Khuzestan region that is situated in the south-west of Iran. For this study a specific questionnaire on demographic information (Demographic information, for example, age, number of blood transfusions were acquired from patient records) in which completed by trained personnel and also blood samples were taken at the same time in order to check the presence and amount of anti-HCV-Ab as a result, it showed that 11.17% (179/20, 11.17%) of samples were positive. The HCV contamination is an illness which influences the extensive number of thalassemia patients in the world. The Lack of knowledge about blood safety of HCV contamination as the most predominant transfusion-transmitted sickness of blood in thalassemia patients is a major threat to public health in a group of countries in which the most obtained data from this region came from provinces of Iran. The anti-HCV prevalence in patients with thalassemia who live in Khuzestan province is less than other provinces of Iran and also neighbor countries and researchers should be paid attention to hepatitis C infection in order to prevent thalassemia cases.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Hepatitis C, thalassemia patients
  • Masoumeh Hayati, Saeid Hosseinzadeh*, Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaee, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini, Abdollah Derakhshandeh Pages 115-120
    Background
    The protein listeriolysin O (LLO) encoded by hly gene, is one of the most important virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes. This highly potent immunogenic cholesterol binding toxin has hemolytic activity, responsible for phagosomal membrane disruption and bacterial escape to the cytoplasm and facilitating the stimulation of CD8 T cells and Th1 response. Recently pathobiotechnological vaccination using probiotic bacteria have been proposed. One of these strategies is expression of LLO in non-pathogenic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria as delivery strains.
    Objectives
    Our aim in this study was cloning of hly gene in a Lactobacillus species via pNZ8110, an inducible expression vector which is specific for Lactococcus species.
    Materials And Methods
    hly gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pNZ8110 by restriction enzymes cutting and ligation method. After transformation and propagation in E. coli MC1061 intermediate host, it was successfully electrotransformed into Lactobacillus plantarum.
    Results
    Gel electrophoresis of colony PCR, extracted plasmids and restriction analysis along with sequencing confirmed the transformation. After induction using supernatant of nisin producer Lactococcus lactis NZ9700 strain, Expression of LLO was confirmed by SDS PAGE and western blot.
    Conclusion
    Here, we have employed a nonpathogenic probiotic strain; Lactobacillus plantarum for the first time to express hly gene of Listeria monocytogenes in order to propose a new vaccine candidate.
    Keywords: Listeriolysin O, Cloning, Lactobacillus plantarum
  • Hassan Rezanezhad*, Mohammad Reza Shokouh, Enayatollah Shadmand, Nooshin Mohammadinezhad, Zahra Mokhtarian, Arash Fallahi, Hadi Rezaei Yazdi, Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani, Belal Armand Pages 121-126
    Background
    Parasitic infections, especially intestinal agents could affect social and personal hygiene and health; and to avoid the spread of pollution, monitoring the infectious sources is critical.
    Objective
    The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and identify factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences between 2013-1014.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was carried out between September 2013and February 2014. A total number of 1293 stool samples were taken from 431 students and were examined by direct wet mounting and formalin-ether methods. A questionnaire for common risk factors was completed for each individual.
    Results
    Overall, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was estimated to be 125 (29%) that infected by pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal parasites. Various species of protozoan infections were detected: Entamoeba coli was the most common parasite (9.04%) followed by Blastocystis hominis (8.12%), and Giardia lamblia (4.64%). About 3.2% students were infected with multiple parasites. A significant association was observed between the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections with the type of accommodation (OR=1. 5; 95% CI: 1.1; 1.9), parents’ educational level (OR=1. 5; 95% CI: 1.1; 1.9) and gender (OR=1. 5; 95% CI: 1.1; 1.9). No age association was detected, and a slightly positive prevalence with increasing age was observed (p=0.66).
    Conclusions
    These data showed intestinal parasites were slightly more prevalent than expected, that might be due to interior sources of infection in college, such as carrier students. Hence, performing periodic monitoring among students is a necessity to promote the hygiene of the students.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal Parasites, Students, Jahrom
  • Lawaly Maman Manzo*, Halima Diallo Bako, Moussa Idrissa Pages 127-131
    Background
    Investigation of the native species Sclerocarya birrea was conducted within the framework of scientific valorization and justification of the medicinal use of this plant by most Niger people to treat infectious diseases.
    Objective
    The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity and the phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts of root, bark and leaf of Sclerocarya birrea.
    Materials And Methods
    The collected different plant parts were air dried, powdered and separately extracted with ethanol and methanol. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin contents in all the plant parts were estimated using standard methods. The total and serially diluted fractions of the extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogens by agar well diffusion and deep-well microdilution method.
    Results
    Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid, saponin and tannin in all the plant extracts. The extracts from the different parts showed varied antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. The bark extracts showed superior activity against Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition = 17 mm) and Salmonella typhi (zone of inhibition = 20 mm) at 200mg/ml.
    Conclusion
    The presence of these important phytochemical groups and the antibacterial potential of these extracts could permit to justify the traditional usage of Sclerocarya birrea against infectious diseases including diarrhea.
    Keywords: Medicinal plant, infectious disease, phytochemistry, antibacterial assay