نشریه کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1389)

Mustard chemical warfare has been neutralized by solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. Sulfur mustard has been hydrolyzed with water, and converted to thiodiglicol.

Pure carbon nano-structures and nano-tubes are interesting properties. Angle planar potential, is resulting from torsional interactions in molecules. Planar torsion angle potentials of atoms, is the around the chemical bond. So an important role in the arrangement of molecules is space. Planar angle potential function to be expressed Cosine. In this paper, a new value for this constant are reported.

In this work we have discussed the modification of starch using different long-chain fatty acids to decrease its hydrophilicity. Hydrophobically modified starches are prepared by the reaction of starch with fatty acid chlorides or fatty acid. Grafting of fatty acid on the starch was done and the formation of graft polymer was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR spectra.

The petrochemical industry is the mostly developed technology in modern proliferation of chemistry. It disposes a wide spectrum of different hazardous compounds to the living environment, and mostly unbiodegradable. So, the general focus of this work is removing of hazardous melamine and nonylphenol as direct and derivative of petrochemical products which are found, in traces, in industrial wastewaters; very resistable to biodegradation and classified as carcinogenic pollutants. The latter is found in agricultural and food recycling industry and known as pesticides emulsifier (OP10). The effect of pH, O3 doses on chemical factors as TOC, COD were studied for the samples containing these pollutants, comprising a AOPs technique. The removal of percentages of these factors was obtained up to 19.1 mg O3/L of ozone absorbed. The COD values diminished to about 87% for melamine respectively. From the NO- 3 measurement for melamine and aforementioned data it could be deduced that for Melamine, the reactions follow the mechanism of the attack of OH radicals and molecular ozone into the molecules. Furthermore, some UV spectroscopical and HPLC studies were cassied out for further analysis of chemical and biochemical data obtained.

Regarding the high water application in the life and its importance in environmental, nowadays water treatment is one of the most important issues. There are a lot of ways for water purification like using filter, biological treatment, coagulation Using coagulants is one the best ways in this aim. Usually in sedimentation, gravity force is being used. Coagulation is the sedimentation method by using some chemicals. There are varieties of coagulants: organic, non organic In this research we have tested none organic ones, like Poly Chloride Aluminum, Poly Chloride Aluminum Sulfate, Chloride Ferric and Aluminum Sulfate. In comparison, Poly Chloride Aluminum Sulfate has the minimum consumption and settling time. Result shows with having the same concentration of coagulant, Poly Chloride Aluminum Sulfate has the maximum rate of coagulation.

Today, industries especially food and drinking industries are the second users of fresh water. Water has important and variety consumptions at food and drinking industries and in some cases more than 90% of final products are consist of water. Considering the wide range sources of heavy metal emission to environment, health effects of heavy metals presence and other possible pollutions of water sources, consumed water in mentioned industries should be in compatible with quality requirements. Present study is a cross sectional-descriptive study. Among the 377 food, drug and health units in the East Azerbaijan province, 9 food and drinking factories was selected and water samples were collected during two different seasons and analyzed for heavy metals presence and other general characteristics. According to the results, chemical quality of water consumed at some of studied industries regarding presence of some cations (magnesium) and anions (nitrate and sulphate) were unsuitable. At some industries, level of Pb was close to MCL and in 1 case; Cd was 8.4 folds higher than national MCL, 0.042 mg/L. Regarding to presence of chemical pollution in consumed water of some studied industries, and as a main approach, it is required drinking water to be used as water supply for processing of food and drinking products, otherwise the water should be treated using treatment processes to met drinking water standard levels. In the case of nitrate monthly control and for Cd and Pb 6 months control is recommended.

Three partial responses among di Alkyl Acetylene dicarboxylate, Tri Phenyl Phosphite and pyrrole or Indole Induce the phosphonate poly factor with high yield.