نشریه کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1389)

Increased production and consumption of chemicals in various industrial processes، industrial society is one of the signs. The effects of hazardous wastes are very varied and diverse. Some of these effects، short-term and severe (acute intoxication by dangerous chemicals) are. Accordingly، a waste compound in terms of toxicity، carcinogenicity، effects on the fetus and newborn، and also brings about mutation and possibly other adverse effects must be identified. Experiences of other countries show that children in this age group of 10-1 years (critical groups) are more affected. But studies and experiences show the devastating effects of hazardous substances as identifying strategies to control them is correct. The article lists several barium، beryllium، cadmium، dangerous chemicals (arsenic، asbestos، chromium، nickel، lead، mercury، selenium، silver، tri halo methane، tetra chloro carbon، hexa chloro Carbone، hepta chloro boxit) Landfill and hazardous waste disposal in most areas there are health and environmental problems and in many cases they have also been mentioned.

The application rate of increase in demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-hydrogen separation by membranes has been investigated in this study. Hydrogen by distillation، refrigeration، pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation can be. The method of separating hydrogen، the membrane is the best way - is. Palladium and palladium alloy membranes for hydrogen separation using are very good. The use of composite membranes increases the penetration rate in India. In these membranes، the diffusion rate of hydrogen through the hydrogen affects and the results show that the rate of hydrogen through the metal film is to support more support to the metal film.

One of the main problems of surface and underground water hazardous concentrations of heavy metals into the precious resources that are. The method this type of filtration to remove contaminants such that is used to capture the mentioned surface. In adsorption sorbent surface area and volume due to the high porosity is able to absorb pollutants and water to separate into their cavities. Because the surface area and volume of porous iron particles having a substantial ability to absorb pollutants from the water able to be. The ability of nano particles - Fe2O3Fe3O4، and -Fe2O3 ion in the adsorption of heavy metals such as Cr6 +، Cu2 +، C 2 + and Ni2 + studied and compared.

Sarin chemical warfare has been neutralized by solution of sodium hydroxide، sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide at room temperatures and pH of 13. The hydrolysis of sarin is increased by increasing of pH، and it is strongly depends on pH. The hydrolysis reaction of sarin is as follows:

The growing pollution uncontrolled environmental effects of energy and natural resources have caused adverse consequences. Contamination of water sources، extinction of many species of wildlife، the balance of organisms، threatening human health and the incidence of disease caused by hazardous. Thus the method presented suitable for removing the contamination is important that. Finally، determined that the best results are achieved when the test concentration 0. 7g / L، calcinations temperature of 110 degrees، the amount of 6 g of kaolin and PH =11 do.

Biogas technology is the answer to our environmental and economic needs is extremely convenient. Factors such as carbon to nitrogen ratio of raw materials، d، our terms and PH geography place in quality and quantity of products involved. The study demonstrated that the biogas and the feeding system is usually three discontinuous، is a semi-continuous and continuous. The amount of methane gas using mathematical at different temperatures and conditions geography where sludge has been paid. The results of the highest gas production at 40-10 days and temperatures of 35-15 degrees and biogas coefficient between zero and a 60 percent to various local conditions are obtained.

Complexity science applications to piezoelectric materials that cannot grow these materials for decades. Until World War I for the first time in piezoelectric sonar (sound navigation and sonar) were used. In 1917، Powell et al Langsyne Ultra-Sonic، a piezoelectric transducer، which was designed for submarines، a thin quartz crystal was it had the capabilities of the ultrasound transducer (mechanical waves، high frequency KHZ20) into electrical signal Electrical conversion and vice versa، and thus the desired object is able to accurately measure all of them.

Schiff-base macro cycles have been of great importance in macro cyclic and supra molecular chemistry. In coordination chemistry the functionally substituted Schiff bases bearing additional donor groups represent the most important class of hetero poly dentate ligands capable of forming mono-، bi-، and poly nuclear complexes with transition and non-transition metals. At the present work during synthesis of macro cyclic Schiff base different methods (including different solvent systems، different acid catalysts، anionic effect and different thermal conditions) were checked، were studied and best conditions for them were illustrated.