مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between communication skills and work ethic of physical education managers in Education Departments at west provinces of the country with satisfaction of physical education teachers from perspective of teachers. The research method was descriptive-analytical, correlation type that has been conducted using survey method. The research sample included 380 teachers (population 4321) of physical education who were teaching in first and second degrees of high schools. Data collection tools include Barton J standard questionnaire of communication skills, Minnesota job satisfaction and work ethics questionnaire. In analyzing the research data, there was used SPSS 18 software to perform descriptive statistics, while LISREL software was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that values of impact coefficient of communication skills on work ethic and job satisfaction are 0.30 and 0.10 respectively. Value of impact coefficient of work ethic on job satisfaction was 0.50. Among components related to communication skills, feedback skill had the highest impact coefficient (0.99) and listening skills and verbal skills were in next places with impact coefficient of 0.59 and 0.55 respectively. Among items related to work ethic, the item of “emphasizing Education Organization on its interests” had the highest impact coefficient (0.71); meanwhile, among items of job satisfaction, the item of “pride of doing a good job” had the highest impact coefficient (0.69).

Media are mass communication devices which have prominent and important role in organizing public opinions. Newspaper is an affective media because of having addressee from different levels of society has kept his role in effecting on culture and society .Newspaper headlines because of offering an overall image of a piece of news , its relative importance and categorization, facilitate special comprehension for readers. This research studies some headlines of sport newspaper about football matches between Perspolis of Iran and Alhelal of Saudi with critical discourse analysis and on the bases of Norman Fairclough theoretical framework and model (1992). Main questions of this research are as follow: authors use which linguistic strategies in selecting a sport headlines and what ideology and social and cultural elements are covered in choosing headlines in 3 levels of text, interaction and social context. The findings of this research show that sort headlines have special style regarding linguistic devices and cultural and ideological inclination.

The aim of study is to determine reference federations in order to benchmarking inefficient federations .The using of management patterns by efficient organization can be effectiveness to create optimal route for efficiency organizations. In any society efficient organization effect on the other organizational performance. So, the first step in the success of this project is the selection of reference organization. 14 Federations that were important and medalist, was selected. 112 samples were selected (staffing, heads and managers). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, distribution among 11 experts specializing in the field of sport management then, comments after the vote was confirmed 0/92 and To determine the reliability of a questionnaire, in the province's sports staff distributed and collected then with 0/81 reliability was confirmed. DEA method as a non-parametric method, first determined efficient and inefficient federations, then appointed reference federation for inefficient federation by the use of impact factor method .research method was descriptive-analytical And the purpose of the research is Practical. MATLAB software was used. The results show that, the respectively wrestling, taekwondo, football among federation efficient was important and references federations in other performance federation.

The aim of research was comparing of self branding and communication skills in physical education students and other students.
Methodology was descriptive and survey. Population was all students in Iran. Sampeling way was randomized cluster and with using of Morgan's schedual the 384 sample was enough. Thus 390 sample recived our questionnaire and 381 questionnaire were completed. Instrument for datagathering were communication skills questionnaire and self branding questionnaire maked by Ghasemi(2015). Questionnaires after approved the validity and relaiability used.
Findings showed the average level of communication skills and self branding in all students. But the communication skills and self branding were lower in physical education students in compare of other students. This difference was significant and physical education students were weaker than others. Mean of communication skills and self branding were lower than average.

The purpose of this study was factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of gymnastic Federation of Iran. The statistical population of this study included 160 sport management faculty members, managers and experts of sport organizational who were familiar with gymnastic sport in Iran. 25 elite sport experts were chosen purposely to qualitative samples. And based on Morgan table 117 persons were cluster-randomly selected to quantitative sample. To achieve the study objectives, the list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the gymnastic federation of Iran were provided, and the final list was completed based on Delphi method. Based on the provided list, the researcher-made questioner with 96 questions was distributed among the samples. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability was examined in a pilot study with 30 samples by Cronbachs alpha which was as 0.81. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including confirmed factor analysis by application of AMOS and SPSS software were used. The findings of the study showed that there are 15 strengths, 21 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 4 threats for gymnastic federation of Iran.

The present study proposes a conceptual entrepreneurial marketing model with an approach of investigating the relationship between club nature, entrepreneurial and market orientation with the performance of sport club managers in Tehran. This study was descriptive correlational and the statistical population consisted of 1280 men and women sport club managers of Tehran in 1394700 questionnaires were distributed using multistage cluster sampling among which returned, 88% were identified analyzable. For data collecting, the standardized scales of marketing questionnaire of Butcher et al (2008), club nature of Khazai (1392), market orientation of Mogheimi (1390), entrepreneurial orientation of Mohammadi (1390), and performance of Fazel (1390). Questionaires alpha Cronbach were repoted 0.81, 0.92, 075, 0.70 and 0.72 respectively. Face and content validity were determinef by expert opinion and construct validity was confirmed through coonfirmstory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics was used for calculating mean, frequency, standard deviation and tables. For the conceptual statistics, structural equation test of Partial Least Squares (PLS) was done using Smart PLS software to test research hypotheses and the goodness of fit. Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between all the studied variables with the performance, except for entrepreneurial orientation. There was also a significant positive relationship between all studied variables and entrepreneurial marketing, except for market orientation. Also, the fit index for the model was reported GOF=0.62; so the model was identified as a strong fit.

This study content analysis of the sport Entrepreneurship researches in Iran.
The research method, Qualitative and based on content analysis with a descriptive-analytic approach to describe and evaluate target population. The number of population is equal to the sample included, 96 papers published in scientific journals and Sports entrepreneurship in Iran. That is up to the end of 2015.
The number of research is in the Journal of Sport Management from university of Tehran with 17 papers, have been published. In most papers, economic and sociological aspects of entrepreneurship are the main issue. The research models, in most studies (86.5%) quantitative methods have been used; Groups and national (26%) level of analysis is the dominant sport entrepreneurship research. And many studies on staffs, experts and executives Administration (Sports and Youth) provinces and cities, board, staff and sports federations (20%) have taken place. More research, cross-sectional data (85.5%) with the questionnaire (77%) and then use longitudinal data are less common. Also, 55% were nations surveyed. Further research by two or three authors (70.75%) were published and (43.5%) Research had at least one woman writer. From the perspective of the research, entrepreneurship research in Iran after since 2011 growth has been impressive.
Entrepreneurship research exercise not only should identify existing problems, limitations and past trends in the world of business and sports, entrepreneurship, but also should have future approaches to identify, discover and introduce sport entrepreneurship opportunities and at the result direct entrepreneurship toward innovation and value creation.

The aim of this current research is the study the effect of Consumer Confusion on Decision Postponement and Loyalty to brand of Sport Clothing .This research is descriptive that was conducted by Survey method. Statistical community of this research include of all consumer Sport Clothing in Shiraz. According to Cochran’s C test method, 395 persons were selected. The measuring tool include Al-Arabiya (2012) questionnaire. Convergent Validity and Divergent Validity approved and Reliability of questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was obtained, Brand loyalty (0.84) , Decision Postponement (0.67) , similarity (0.60) , Overload (0.65) and Ambiguity (0.80). In order to inferential analysis of collected data used Smart PLS 2 software. According to Significant statistical and t Extracted, The result of hypothesis testing in 95% confidence level results show that Consumer Confusion has Direct and positive impact on Decision Postponement (t= 28.773, β=0.675) and Loyalty to brand(t= 25.692, β= 0.776). Similarity has Direct and positive effect on Loyalty to sporting brand (t= 4.025, β=0.225) , but it has not impact on Decision Postponement (t= 1.113, β=0.114). Overload has Direct and positive effect on Decision Postponement (1.326 = t, 0.067 = β), but it has on loyalty (t=2.811, β= 0.151). Ambiguity in product selection has Direct and positive effect on Decision Postponement (t=5.570, β=0.545) and loyalty (t=7.852, β=0.476). So we can say that Increase consumer confusion makes increase Postponement of purchase Customers and it is possible that the consumer change their brand. This process can effect on amount of sports brand loyalty.

The aim of this study is designing a revenue model for the football clubs in Iran. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory as a research method. For gathering data we studied high level documents and we interviewed with 31 experts who were aware of this subject. The theory of the revenue model for the football clubs in Iran has seven components: effective mechanisms of management, financial mechanisms, training mechanisms, reform of football mechanisms, culture reform mechanisms, statutory and legal mechanisms and the establishment of the revenue model. The development and success of the football clubs in Iran depends on superior management of these components.The aim of this study is designing a revenue model for the football clubs in Iran. This study has a qualitative approach and we used the grounded theory as a research method. For gathering data we studied high level documents and we interviewed with 31 experts who were aware of this subject. The theory of the revenue model for the football clubs in Iran has seven components: effective mechanisms of management, financial mechanisms, training mechanisms, reform of football mechanisms, culture reform mechanisms, statutory and legal mechanisms and the establishment of the revenue model. The development and success of the football clubs in Iran depends on superior management of these components.

Having the Quality of life is one of the human usual involvement that this research accomplish for these target of the serving Quality of life and individual happiness that in educational process in Mazandaran province organizations and also comprising in Athletes and non-athletes. The research method was descriptive that with combined questionnaires of Quality of life and individual happiness accomplished in 190 sample of statistic social that composed of university teacher, teachers, student and undergraduate in Mazandaran province. For understanding research results be used of Kolmogorov Smirnov, one-sample t test and Levin tests. This result showed that meaningful differ between of Quality of life (t=13,p)

Crucial role government agencies in the occupation and budget on the one hand and the importance of productivity in recent years has caused the entrepreneurship issue specially intrapreneurship to the attention of the managers of these organizations. Organization of Youth Affairs and Sports as one of the country's strategic organizations can by implement this concept, has a great step in achieving its goals and mission. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for to achieve to intrapreneurship based on the affecting factors on this concept. The statistical population of this research is consist of 13 experts familiar with the matter who were selected based on a judgmental sampling. The results show that among 13 affecting factors on intrapreneurship, experts express 9 factors have more than 90% importance to achieve to intrapreneurship that based on these factors, "the general and specific environment," have the most important with the "strategy" and "characteristics of employees and managers" were identified as the foundation of ultimate model. The results can be used as the map of the organization management to achieve to intrapreneurship.