مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1397)

This study was conducted to identify the paradigm of experts on reduced tendency of students to physical activity at school using Q methodology. This study based on objective, of applied research, exploratory and descriptive in nature because of the Q-methodology of researches mixed. The population of study included all expert teachers, sport veterans at schools, sport management experts, and sociologists who were active in this area. Among them, 26 people were selected using snowball sampling. In order to conduct this study, Q chart with semi-normal distribution with mandatory distribution was used. Data on sorting the participants were entered in SPSS software so that various mentalities of participants to be identified using Q factor analysis and research questions to be responded by using it. Based on findings of this study, 11 distinctive paradigms were identified on reduced tendency of students to sport and physical activity at schools. Generally, findings indicate the necessity of designing comprehensive talent identification system in sport of schools, compensating the lack of executive and educational facilities, paying attention of mass media to sport of schools, developing riles in line with educational programs, and paying attention to determining role of managers in activity of students at school.

Trade is an important tool for countries to earn foreign exchange. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of economic sanctions on Iran's trade with trading partners in the sports industry and predicted Iran's economic during post-sanctions. For this purpose, the method of FM-OLS is used. Countries are grouped in two; China, Japan and France were selected for the first group and Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for the second group. The data is based on information from the 1992 to 2012 period and data sources were the Customs of Iran and World Bank. Eviews8 software was used for data analysis. The results show that the effect of population and GDP has been negative and positive for all countries, effect of exchange rate except Russia and Kyrgyzstan were negative, effect of the current weak sanctions has been negative except Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, strong sanctions in all countries had a positive effect of current period, effect of weak sanctions the previous period excluding China was negative in other countries and strong sanctions the previous period have had a negative effect in China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It is expected that upward trend of trade with trading partners is forecast to post-sanctions in sports industry's balance.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between perceived enjoyment of leisure time physical activity with cultural intelligence demographic variable PE teachers in Tehran. servery had been practical and research is correlational. In order to collect data and information from the study, field method is used. Due to the large volume of data, 250 PE teachers in Tehran, Morgan table is used and random cluster sampling method were selected as the sample. Three questionnaires were used to measure cultural intelligence and injoyment of leisure time physical activity and demographic variable. On display were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical information: pearson correlation test, spearman, multivariate linear regression and t test was used.these findings suggest that the relationship between perceived enjoyment of leisure time physical activity and cognitive and metacognitive factors of cultural intelligence and the relationbetween perceived enjoyment of leisure time physical activity with age and marriage, and cultural intelligence is capable to predict perceived enjoyment of leisure time physical activity. And the enjoyment of leisure time physical activity and physical education teachers in Tehran cultural intelligence is located in the desirable.

An advanced research was done for purpose of examining the relationship between value-oriented attitudes-based on Alport and Lindzy model and Decision making styles based on Scott & Bruce model for taking decision. About 100 administrators were selected as a statistical sample, among statistical population of administrators of physical education organization. Two questionnaires were used: 1) Alport and Lindzy’s Standard Questionnaire to study administrators’ value-oriented attitudes and 2) Scott and Bruce Questionnaire to study administrators’ decision-making styles. Research data were analyzed with SPSS, by using Pierson –product correlation coefficient, t-test for independent groups and analysis of Freedman’s variance component. The research findings show that there are relationships between administrators’ value orientation and design making in university and this relations haven’t different between men and women, but hierarchy of value system is different, as economic and political values of men are more than women. Religious and aesthetic values are the most and the least one sequence. Finally applied suggestions are presented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of team identification in fans’ loyalty of teams in Iran’s Football Premier League via structural equation modeling. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study included all fans over 18 years old in the Premier League in 2016/17 season. 640 questionnaires were analyzed as statistical sample. Heer and et al (2011) questionnaire was used to measure team identification and Gladen and Funk (2001), and Iwasaki and Havitz (2004) questionnaires were used to measure attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty respectively. After confirming the face and content validity of questionnaires, confirmed the reliability of team identification and loyalty questionnaires via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in a pilot study. To analyze data were used structural equation modeling. Structural equation model analysis showed that team identification had positive and significant effect on fans’ loyalty. So, it is recommended to sport managers, to consider the issues such as acknowledgments the fans and trust building in fans in order to create and enhance the fans’ loyalty.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the specialties of Human Branding and its ethical place from perspective of Iranian and Foreigner athletes. Method was descriptive and from the point of data collection was field study. Population of this study consisted of Iranian and foreigner water polo players participated in the 10th Asian water polo clubs competition (N=198)Findings showed a significant differences between using of specialties such as performance and physical appearance and life style between Iranian and Foreigner athletes. Findings showed that foreigner athletes emphasize on performance comparing with Iranian one. In the other hand, Research's findings showed a significant difference in ethical position between Iranian and Foreigner athletes (P

The aim of the present study was to investigate the state of safety o f safety of buildings and installations in Iranian professional league in the ninth league. Examples of research are equal to society which is consisting of all 16 host stadiums of professional league in championship season 88-89. The check list of this study was based on the standards of Asia Football Federation. The stability of the check list is based on the Cronbach's Alpha (α=0/93). Using descriptive statically methods (median, diagram and frequency percent) and illative (one sample test) to elaborate the information, all the data have been gathered by appearing in the stadiums. The results demonstrates that host stadiums of the ninth league in buildings and installations indicator were 0/65 safe and FooladShahr stadium in Esfahan with having 0/92 safety was considered to be the safest and Takhti stadium in BandarAnzali with having 0/36 as the least safe stadium among the others. It is considered that there is a noticeable positive discrepancy between the mean index of immunity and the average of society. According to the outcomes of the present study, it is suggested that first: specialist football stadiums should be established considering the international standards. Second: more attention is needed to the minimum capital requirements of football of country meant spectators. Also when rebuilding the present stadiums, in order to spend more honors to the spectators and also a suitable view for them, fences around the ground should be removed.

Present study is a semiotics analyses of the advertisements in wrestling federation and an examination of the use of image in such advertisements. The aim of this research is to analyze the advertisements under the semiotics theories and components and also clear what are the properties of advertisements done in related images and posters semantically. The study is qualitative and content analytic based, so 12 cases were selected via targeted sampling among all five hundred topics and news texts which are related images and notifications. At first, the intended advertisement was introduced and then its semiotics components were discussed. The findings show that sport advertisements suffer from a lack of the new, exquisite and innovative ideas, though some good ideas may spark too. The signs applied in wrestling federation are mostly direct, while the audience reach to its concept considering the explicit meaning of signs and implicit meanings of signs that are not understandable. Creating ambiguity and manipulating the signs that are main features of a successful advertisement can be seen rarely in advertisements of this federation.

Football a major part of the sports industry in the world and in terms of economic, social and cultural, sport and society in the world has left a great impact. Activities in a given industry are gaining benefit and harm Complex relations in the field of management; business and economy based on the enhancement of the state overseer and reduce the role of the executive government. The aim of this study was to Environmental analysis (SWOT) assignment football clubs to the private sector. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted, and detailed interviews with 31 experts who were aware of this subject were done. The findings from the analysis of the interviews led to the strengths (7 cases), weakness (15 cases), opportunities (7 cases), threats (15 cases) and strategies (20). The results showed that Assignment football clubs to the private sector in the existing conditions almost is doomed to failure. The threat of privatization of football clubs is the lack of income components.