مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1393)

The purpose of this study was applying the cybernetic model in Iranian sport and youth departments. The method of research was descriptive and all of the staffs of sport and youth departments in selected province of Iran were chosen as research samples (N=118). Due to the large population study، cluster random sampling method was used. Questionnaire (Validity was confirmed، α= 0. 89) was used for Data collection and Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity. The analyzing of data was done by ANOVA (P<0/05) and Post Hoc test. The results showed that، the cybernetic model has better position in sport and youth departments of Hamedan and Ghom but Northern Khorasan didn’t have a good position

Nowadays، maintaining the large share of competitive market not only requires loyal customers but also advocators who consistently can advocate the brand and improve the brand image in other’s mind through positive word of mouth (PWOM). One of the factors influencing customer loyalty and advocacy is the kind of sense literally called «brand love». Regarding to this issue in current survey، the effect of brand love on brand advocacy and PWOM through brand loyalty is investigated. Malavan Anzali football club fans are chosen as Statistical population and 329 questionnaires are distributed using non probability sampling method. To test the validity of questionnaires، two approaches including face validity and content validity are considered while for testing the reliability two approaches consisting of cronbach alpha (0. 92) and split half approach (0. 89) are applied. Results show that sport brand loyalty has mediated the relationship between sport brand love and sport brand advocacy while it has not mediated the relationship between sport brand love and customer PWOM. Regarding to these findings and to utilize of sport brand advocacy، using some kinds of loyalty programs can increase customer loyalty. On the other side، it''s better to use another tools rather than loyalty programs to promote customer WOM.

This article aims to study practical efficiency to meet the syllabuses from physical education teachers’ viewpoints. The statistical population of this research was all physical education teachers of Tabriz that its included 650 person. The statistical sample based on Morgan table was estimated 245 teachers that 223 questionnaires were collected correctly. Sampling was done by cluster-random method. Analyzing of data was done by one sample t test and descriptive statistical method. Data collecting was done by a researcher made questionnaire included 29 items. Its validity was confirmed by 8 physical education and sport science specialists and experts. Reliability of this questionnaire was estimated 0/72 by Alpha- Cronbach. The results showed that there is differences between the goals of practical courses of physical education with public goals of physical education from the teacher’s viewpoint. Practical courses of physical education can’t meet the requirements of physical education in schools. And finally there is significant difference between the match of courses and the teachers’ requirements. Based on results، the courses of physical education needs to necessary and basic revise to match with physical education in schools.

The purpose of this study was to design and develop a strategy for the development of sport in Mashhad. The population was all faculty members in Mashhad (42 men &38 women). As the entire small statistical sample، were considered. For data collection، a questionnaire was designed، its validity and its reliability were confirmed by several expert teachers and using Cronbach''s alpha (87%) respectively. The questionnaire included 47 questions ranked surveying the strengths، weaknesses and threats sport for the city of Mashhad. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Friedman test. After analyzing the strengths، weaknesses، opportunities، and threats of internal and external factors evaluation matrix for each sport، It was evident that mashhad sport is located in WT position Defensive strategy that should be used to modify or abandon. Finally، based on the analysis of strategic management strategic plan designed to develop the sport in physical education in Mashhad will included a statement of vision، mission، goals، and long-term، strategic and operational plans of the sport

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing people''s tendency to recreational and athletic sport، with emphasis on the role of mass media from the perspective of physical education experts، Kurdistan province. This is a descriptive survey of fieldwork. The Study population included all physical education professionals in department for youth and sports (61 people) using a non-random holistic intentional sampling to select the subjects equal to the Statistical population. The data collected employing a researcher -made questionnaire composed of two parts: the Media and recreational and championship sports containing 61 items. In order to measure the stability rate، the coefficient alpha was used which was equal α=0. 84 and α=0. 90 for the media and recreational parts respectively. Having collected the date، they were analyzed using the Friedman test and a single variable t. The results showed that there are significant differences among the average rates for the pairs below study scales. Analyzing the normality of the distribution of the scores of the questionnaire components revealed the order of importance: globalization and communication، social needs، structures of organizational sports، social networks، the mass media، sports NGOs. The results for single variable t test suggested that all the sub-components of r=/0 001 are positive and significant which in turn represent the effectiveness of the mass media on public’s tendency to recreational and championship sports.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between employees’ participation، their resistance to change and staff burnout in Youth and Sport Offices in great khorasan. The Statistical Society includes all staff in the offices، 140 subjects، which، due to the limited size، has been considered as the research sample، and the census sampling method has been used in the research as well. In order to achieving the required data، the researcher’s self-made questionnaires for measuring instruments of employees’ participation and resistance to change & standard questionnaire for measuring instrument of staff burnout have been used. Their validity was confirmed by the 10 experts and their reliability was studied in an introductory survey with 32 subjects and was confirmed by Cranach’s Alpha of 0. 92، 0. 82 and 0. 87. in order to achieving the research purposes، the descriptive and inferential statistics methods such as Kolmogrov-Smirnov، Pierson correlation coefficients and ANOVAs have been used. The results of the study show that there are significant negative relationships between the employees’ participation and resistance to change with dimensions and staff burnout with dimensions. The status of employees’ participation، resistance to change and staff burnout was appropriate in the society. The mean difference variables in the three provinces of Khorasan، North and South and Razavi، are significant. So employees'' participation is a Suitable solution in reduction resistance to change and staff burnout. Recommendation of the proposed system can be used to increase employee participation in the organization.

The purpose of this study was to survey methodological componants on Iranians journals of sport management. The present research is quantitative and biblio-metric. The statistical sample was equal to the statistical population which is consisted of all articles related to sports management in sports sciences journals of Iran (9 journals) until the end of 2012 (1391) (n=845). The articles were collected from the indexed databases of the journals and the data were extracted from and codified by the rewritten check lists of previous studies which were approved by experts. In addition، the selected components were categorized in groups and were analyzed based on time period and their distribution process in publication production enhancement. The results showed that increases in the number of publications being produced، have not affected the number of applied methods used in the studies. Furthermore، many articles which used recent applied methods were mostly published in highly-produced journals. It is worth mentioning that the quantitative aspect of the research was more prominent than the qualitative، descriptive and combinatory ones. Additionally، the research methods such as analytical، co-relational، and field studies gained the highest application while، many conventional methods in management and organizational studies were not that much applied. Most of the studies employed random selection or total counting methods. Therefore، generalizability from sample to the population is more valued rather than hypothesis testing. Moreover، 68% of the studies used questionnaire while، conevtional instruments such as observations and secondary data was only applied in a few cases. Due to the fact that many conventional methods in organizational and management researches are not used significantly in Iran’s sport management studies، it is suggested that appropriate research methods considering current studies of sport management should be adjusted or even created

The aim of this study is to Determine validity and reliability of the questionnaire barriers and incentives for sports fans. Statistical population of this study were Persepolis and Esteghlal derby fans of seventy-sixth (N=100000). Morgan table calculated the size of statistical sample 384 people who were selected randomly. Measurement Instrument was a questionnaire 89-item audience behavior (Yu، 2010) which contains included five general factors (internal motivators، internal constraints، external motivator، external constraints and behavioral measures). Pointing method of questions was based on Likert range seven options (strongly disagree=1 to strongly agree=7). Face and content validity of questionnaire was accepted after translation by professors of sport management and specialists. Statistical methods were descriptional indexes for describing data، Cronbach`s alpha for determining reliability، Test (KMO) and Bartlett''s to determine the adequacy of sampling، Confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity and T one-sample test in order to examine differences of the averages the software SPSS and LISREL was used. Analytical results showed (0. 92) reliability for audience behavior questionnaire. All questions had a significant relationship with their agents in reliability of Structure، the amount of relationship and T-value، and they could be a good predictor for their agents. X2/df=2. 76، RMSEA=0. 074 indexes and NFI=0. 98، NNFI=0. 92، CFI=0. 94، GFI=0. 99 and AGFI=0. 90 confirmed the goodness of models. Also، the results about the relations of factors with the meaning of audience behavior showed that all factors could be a good predictor for the concept of audience behavior، finally internal and external validity of audience behavior model was accepted

Studies have shown that it is essential for organizational successful to have leadership effectiveness. This is applicable to all organizations as sport organizations. Therefore، the purpose of this research was to compare the leadership effectiveness of sport managers. The Statistical society was all managers of Sport and Young''s Ministry، National Olympic committee، National Paralympics committee، National Olympic Academy، and Sport Federations (N=331). Base on Morgan table، 180 people were selected with stratified sampling method in this research. Researcher made Leadership effectiveness questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by one way ANOVA test and continuative LSD. The results showed that there was significant difference between leadership effectiveness in sport organizations of Iran (p<0/05) and federations'' managers had the most effectiveness. With respected to this results، it is necessary to execute programs to increase leadership effectiveness in organizations that had the minimum score of leadership effectiveness

The purpose of this research was to analyze of social capitals of academic members of physical education faculties in Iran. Statistical population of this study included all of the faculty members of Iran''s physical education colleges in 2013 (N=520). On the basis of Morgan table، 220 persons were stratified randomly selected of research samples. To achieve the research goals، researcher made questionnaire with 33 questions was used. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and its reliability was studied in a preliminary study with 30 subjects and calculated as 0. 93 respectively. For data analysis the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods، including Kolmogorov- Smirnov، Single sample T-student test، and the method of structural equations model by application of AMOS Graphics V. 18 software and SPSS. V. 16 were used. Research findings showed that solidarity factor with coefficient of 0. 85، trust and cooperation factors with coefficient of 0. 77، mutual respect factor with coefficient of 0. 74، participation factor with coefficient of 0. 68، and social network factor with coefficient of 0. 48 have the most effect at the social capital of faculty members of Iran''s physical education colleges. Social capital is desirable among faculty members of Iran''s physical education colleges.