Medical Hypothesis, Discovery and Innovation Ophthalmology Journal
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Winter 2016

We aimed to describe the causes, characteristics, and rate of parental consanguineous marriage associated with patients with visual impairments in Turkey. This study involved 236 patients with visual impairments. The 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases was used to categorize the causes of visual impairments (based on the main cause in both eyes). The mean age of the patients was 38.5 ± 24.2 years (range, 6–95 years), and most were in the 15–30-year age group (35.6%). There were more male patients (65%) than female patients. Blindness, severe visual impairment, and mild to moderate visual impairment were observed in 30 (12.7%), 84 (35.6%), and 122 (51.6%) patients, respectively. Choroidal and retinal diseases were identified as the main underlying cause of visual impairment (62.7%), followed by nystagmus (23.7%), optic tract and nerve diseases (11.0%), congenital cataracts (0.8%), and glaucoma (1.7%). Parental consanguinity was present for 26.3% of the patients, and it was significantly more common in the 15–30-year age group (50%) compared to the other age groups. In Turkey, the main cause of visual impairment was choroid and retinal diseases in all the age groups above 14 years, while nystagmus was the most common cause in the age group below 15 years. Parental consanguinity was significantly higher among the patients with macular dystrophy and those with retinitis pigmentosa than with retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Genetic factors are known to be involved in the development of these diseases, indicating that the issue of consanguineous marriage remains a problem in Turkey.

We describe a 66-year-old man who developed bilateral choroidal detachment that was induced by unilaterally administered topical fixed brinzolamide 1%– timolol maleate 0.5% combination early after an uneventful phacoemulsification surgery which we believe was an idiosyncratic reaction most likely against the brinzolamide. The condition improved rapidly after the cessation of fixed combination with only topical prednisolone acetate every hour and 1% cyclopentolate BİD bilaterally. Though, there were several similar cases with choroidal detachment in the literature associated with oral acetazolamide and topical dorzolamide; the present case is the first case with bilateral choroidal detachment observed after brinzolamide administration.

The porcine eye is often used as an ex vivo animal model in ophthalmological research. It is well-suited for investigations concerning refractive surgery; however, corneal topography data are scarce. This study investigated the corneal topography and pachymetry of the porcine eye to provide further reproducible data.
We evaluated freshly enucleated porcine eyes (n = 16) by performing computerized corneal topographies (Orbscan® IIz, Bausch and Lomb, USA). We assessed the steepest and flattest keratometric powers (K1 and K2 in diopters (D)), astigmatism (D), white-to-white (WTW) diameter (mm), thinnest point pachymetry (µm), anterior and posterior best-fit sphere (BFS) (D), refractive power of the anterior and posterior curvatures, and total refractive power of the cornea (D).
The mean keratometric powers were 39.6 ± 0.89 D (K1) and 38.5 ± 0.92 D (K2), and the mean astigmatism was 1.1 ± 0.78 D. The WTW diameter had a mean of 13.81 ± 0.83 mm, and the mean corneal thickness was 832.6 ± 40.18 µm. The BFSs were 38.14 ± 0.73 D (anterior) and 42.56 ± 1.15 D (posterior), and the mean refractive powers were 43.27 ± 1.08 D (anterior) and -5.15 ± 0.20 D (posterior); therefore, the mean of the total refractive power was 38.16 ± 1.00 D.
The topography and pachymetry of the porcine cornea showed a specific configuration differing from the human cornea. When using animal ex vivo models like porcine corneas for experimental corneal surgery, those findings have to be considered.

Lung cancer is still diagnosed in advanced stage and most patients do not have the opportunity for surgical treatment. Although in the recent years new diagnostic equipment is available such as the radial and linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. However; novel targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors of second generation and immunotherapy are available. In this commentary we will focus on eye metastasis after initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors due to epidermal growth factor mutation of lung cancer adenocarcinoma.

This study performed to compare the therapeutic effect between topically Na-hyaluronate1% and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the treatment of alkaline epithelial corneal defect.
Alkali burn was produced in 30 corneas from 30 New Zealand rabbits, using a corneal trephine 7.5mm. Three groups were randomly divided. Two groups (A, B groups) were treated with topically 4 times a day with Na-hyaluronate1%; hydroxy propyl methylcellulose. The saline-treated group served as a control. The healing of the epithelial defect was followed on a slit-lamp biomicroscope regarding its size everyday up to 17days with fluorescein staining.
Topically Na-hyaluronate1% significantly accelerated the corneal wound healing process compared with physiologic saline solutions & especially compared with hydroxy propyl methylcellulose. topically Na-hyaluronate1% could be used as an effective corneal wound healing adjuvant in alkaline corneal epithelial defect to accelerate the wound healing process and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose is not helpful for corneal epithelial defect treatment.