Medical Hypothesis, Discovery and Innovation Ophthalmology Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Summer 2017

According to non-antibiotic properties of tetracyclines -especially doxycycline- such as impact on inflammation, immunomodulation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of oral doxycycline in limiting total number of intraocular injections for controlling Neovascular Age related Macular Degeneration.
In this interventional case series, 28 random consecutive patients with Neovascular Age related Macular Degeneration from Farabi hospital, Tehran, Iran were treated for 4 months with 200mg doxycycline once a day subsequent to the first Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection in addition to standard therapy. After one year follow-up results were compared to similar studies.
Data analysis showed that co-treatment by doxycycline was able to control active disease as well as conventional treatment but with fewer injections (3.14 vs. 5.92, P value 0.05).
If confirmed in larger studies, the findings in this interventional case series could improve the control of Neovascular Age related Macular Degeneration with fewer injections by a well-known, FDA approved oral agent.

Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalent health problem which is influenced by environmental and genetic factors that its prevalence is increasing. The current systematic review focuses on mtDNA modification including polymorphism, and mutation/deletion with directly effect on DR.
PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane were systematically searched without publication year restriction. The search terms were ‘‘mitochondrial DNA’’, ‘‘mtDNA’’, ‘‘diabetic retinopathy’’, ‘‘diabetes’’, ‘‘diabetic’’, and ‘‘retina’’. Animal studies, cohort, cross sectional, case series, case reports, and letters to editor, review articles, and in vitro studies were excluded.
From 1528 articles just twelve of them finally were chosen as case-control studies related to mtDNA gene and DR. Actually, of these 12 articles, 8 were concerned about mtDNA polymorphisms (UCP1, UCP2, ROMO-1, Mn-SOD), 4 articles were related to the mtDNA mutation (A3243G mutation in tRNA Leu (UUR) gene and mtDNA deletion (ΔmtDNA 4977).
Between all selected mtDNA genetic modification there were some conflicting results for Mn-SOD, UCP1, ΔmtDNA 4977, tRNA Leu(UUR) , and ROMO-1.Take everything into consideration the polymorphisms (rs660339 of UCP2, and V16A of Mn-SOD gene), and A3243G mutation in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene were the most important in DR pathogenesis.

Timolol is a beta-blocker. This drug is a non-selective antagonist beta-adrenergic which is similar to propranolol. The mechanism of effects of these drugs on the regression of neovascularization is unknown, but it appears that it acts through the VEGF and vasoconstriction and induction of apoptosis of vascular endothelial.
Twenty of one year old Iranian male rabbits were selected weighing between 1500 to1900 gm. Induced neovascularization of eyes in 2 groups were investigated. The first group (Timolol): Timolol 2 times per day. The second group (Saline group): Saline drops 2 times per day.
After a week of treatment, the mean percentage area of neovascularization compared to baseline in the Timolol group was 4.63 ± 4.61% and 58.39± 6.31 percent in saline (control group) and after 2 weeks the mean percent area of neovascularization compared to baseline in the Timolol group was 0.85± 1.33% and 1.73 ± 2.06 percent in saline. After a week of treatment, neovascularization area in the Timolol group was significantly lower than the control group. (p value

Upper eyelid retraction i a common and characteristic feature of thyroid eye disease. In this study a new surgical technique for correction of lid retraction secondary to Grave's orbitopathy is described.
Sixteen eyes of 16 patients underwent surgical correction for lid retraction secondary to Grave's orbitopathy. In this procedure levator aponeurectomy was performed via conjunctival approach. Upper marginal reflex distance (MRD1) was measured before the surgery, one week, three months and six months after the surgery.
Pre-operative MRD1 (mean: 7.84mm) reduced significantly one week after surgery (mean: 3.59mm) (P

The aim of this study was to analyze and compare corneal biomechanics in bilateral keratoconus (KCN) patients with unilateral Vogt’s striae
In this prospective contralateral eye study, visual acuity, refraction, and corneal biomechanical parameters were evaluated in bilateral KCN patients with unilateral corneal Vogt’s striae using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) (Reichert, Inc, Buffalo, NY) and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikger¨ate GmbH, Germany). All the cases underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction (calculated by vectorial analysis), slit lamp biomicroscopy, and Scheimpflug-based tomography. The KCN patients that were enrolled in this study had a reliable diagnosis of bilateral clinical KCN with unilateral Vogt`s striae based on slit-lamp signs, as well as corneal topographic/tomographic maps.
Fifty patients aged 18 to 40 were recruited in this study. Our results showed a significant difference in all clinical (distance visual acuity and refraction) results and corneal biomechanical parameters between KCN eyes with and without Vogt’s striae (all P

The aim of study was to correlate macular thickness and visual field parameters in early glaucoma.
A total of 104 eyes affected with early glaucoma were examined in the cross-sectional, prospective setting. Visual field testing using both standard automated perimetry (SAP) and shortwave automated perimetry (SWAP) was performed. Global visual field parameters including mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were recorded and correlated with SD-OCT measured macular thickness and asymmetry.
Average macular thickness correlated significantly with all measures of visual field including MD-SWAP (r=0.42), MD-SAP (r=0.41), PSD-SWAP (r=-0.23), and PSD-SAP (r=-0.21), with p-values