International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

DNA database is used to identify individuals based on their specific DNA profiles. In Egypt, a definitive law describing and legalizing DNA related issues is absent; however, the Egyptian courts frequently deal with these issues. The legal authorities strongly suggest the impending need for detailed decrees in this regard that guard the safety of the whole Egyptian community. This paper aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of Medical students about Egyptian National DNA Database (END).
Data of this study were collected from 272 participants in the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University using interviewer administered questionnaire.
The participants were 136 males and 136 females with mean (SD) age of 27(9) years. Majority of the participants (89.7%) were aware about national database out of their medical textbooks. Personal identification was the most chosen END benefit and database usefulness was the main motivation for them. About 29% suggested to start END with the detected crime scene stains and forensic doctors should freely access END.
These collective points of views might be useful in preparing some international and common ethical standards for the development of DNA databases framework.

Completed or successful suicide is the worst outcome of suicide attempts. This study is an epidemiologic investigation of successful suicides in Tehran, Iran.
In this routine-data-based study, the records of successful suicides in Forensic Pathology Organization of Tehran were investigated with respect to confidentiality of information during March 2011 to March 2016. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Statistically significant level was considered at less than 0.05.
A total of 1773 cases with mean (SD) age of 33.19(13.11) years and male-to-female ratio of 3.1 were included in the study. The mean age of male victims was greater than that of female ones (P=0.01). Of victims, 821(46.3%) were single and 807(45.5%) were unemployed/housewife. Methods of suicide were hanging in 962(54.6%), poisoning in 640(35.8%), falling in 88(5%), burning in 35(2%), shooting in 29(1.6%) and others in 19(1%) cases. Of poisoned cases, 283(44%) were victims of aluminum phosphide ingestion. Generally, frequency of married victims was greater than single ones but by comparing genders, relative frequency of single victims was greater among males (P In this study, the majority of successful suicides happened in people with occupational uncertainty, thus preventive measures should prioritize this issue. It seems that women with marital problems are also prone to suicide and social support programs should target this group, too. Association between the method of suicide and demography of victims will help us to recognize common methods in various groups of the society and establish appropriate preventive measures. While limiting access to supplies of suicide (like legislation on distribution of drugs for prevention of poisoning) is valuable, fundamental interventions at community level will be more effective in prevention of all kinds of suicide.

The primary characteristics to establish the identification of an individual are sex, age, and stature [1]. Determination of stature is easy if a complete body or the entire skeleton is found. When only some parts of the body or skeleton are available, it is necessary to have different formulae for determination of stature from their osteometric measurements. The present study aims to assess the stature of an individual from his or her sternum with the help of Posterior Curve Length (PCL).
The study was conducted on 100 cadavers, including 50 females and 50 males, died 18 years or older age. The cases were referred for medico-legal postmortem examination to the Department of Forensic Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. Sternum samples were obtained during autopsy (as fresh sternum) and after removal of muscular coverings, cleaned and dried at room temperature (as dry sternum) for the study. PCL was measured and linear regression was used to recognize sternum correlation with stature.
In our study which was conducted on fresh and dry samples of sternum, the stature can be estimated by 68% accuracy with linear regression equation of Y=91.51.5 (Posterior Curve Length of fresh sternum) with standard error±3.5 cm and correlation coefficient of 0.872. Also the stature can be estimated through Y=96.1.4 (Posterior Curve Length of dry sternum) with standard error of ±3.9 cm and correlation coefficient of 0.610.
From the present study we found some synergistic factors which are helpful for estimation of stature from respective PCL of sternum which clearly shows that sample of sternum obtained from decomposed body, or in cases where long bones are missing, PCL of sternum acts as an alternative to estimate stature in Delhi population.

Shape of the nose is unique with regard to ethnicity, race, and sex. Therefore, determining external nose angles provides norms for ethnic and racial differences. Prime objective of the present study was to describe the external nose angulations of Medical students of Tamil Nadu origin (representing South Indian population).
The present cross-sectional study was done on 118 Medical students from Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Consenting students of Tamil Nadu origin were included. Individuals, other than Tamil Nadu origin, or with noticeable facial disfigurement, or with history of previous facial surgery were excluded. Sample size was calculated using Sample Size Calculator presented as a public service of Creative Research Systems: Survey software, ‘The Survey System’.
It was found that the angles were more obtuse in females compared to male counterparts, except for nasofacial and nasomental angles. Based on linear regression graph plotting, low positive correlation was seen to exist between nasal tip and nasolabial angles. However, low negative correlation was found between nasofacial and nasal tip angles. Also, the results were significant with nasofrontal, nasal tip, and nasolabial angles in differentiating gender, i.e., significant difference exists between male and female participants in relation to these angles.
Nasofrontal, nasal tip, and nasolabial angles are useful parameters in differentiating individuals based on gender and ethnicity. These angles differed significantly amongst the gender groups in the present study.

Traffic accident is an unpredictable event which may harm people and damage properties and environment. In recent years, the number of traffic accidents has increased in Indonesia.
This study is an observational and descriptive study with cross-sectional design. This research was conducted by observing the data based on Visum et Repertum.
Men are more involved in both cases, i.e. 65.1% in live cases and 73.9% in death cases. In live cases the most frequent age range belonged to 41-60 years, while in death cases, the dominant age range was between 22 and 40 years. Head injury had the highest reported injury in live cases (60.5%) and death cases (82.6%). In live cases, the highest number of victims were worker/maid (34.9%), while in death cases they were mostly private employees. The most frequent time of the accident in live cases was between 12.01 and 1800 WIB (Western Indonesian Time) and death cases between 18.01 and 24.00 WIB.
Most traffic accident victims in both cases were male. Victims’ age of live cases was mostly in the range of 41-60 years, while in death case was 22-40 years. Head injury was the most common injury in both cases. Most victims in live cases were worker/maid and private employees in death cases. Traffic accident often occurred between 12.01 and 18.00 WIB in live cases and between 18.01 and 24.00 WIB in death cases.

Any substance, which makes life better, if not used wisely and with proper care, would become dangerous to human life. These chemical substances can be termed poisons. A poison can be defined as a substance (solid, liquid, or gas), which if introduced into a living body or brought into contact with any part thereof would produce disease or even death by its constitutional or local effects or both. Pattern of poisoning in a particular region depends on various factors like availability and access to the poison, socioeconomic status of an individual, educational status, knowledge on pesticides, and their proper usage. In India, due to variations in geographical conditions and differences in religious and cultural practices, the incidence and pattern of poisoning vary from place to place, hence it is better to perform regional studies periodically to recognize the extent and evolution of the problem.
This is a cross-sectional and observational study, which was conducted in tertiary care teaching institutes in Western India. The study includes 318 deceased persons due to poison consumption brought for postmortem examination.
Incidence of death due to poisoning was more in the third (31.7%) and second decade (22.6%) of life as compared to both extremes of age. The majority of victims were males (64.2%) as compared to females (35.8%). It was also observed that most victims belonged to lower socioeconomic class (58.8%) with educational status from illiteracy to primary education. Majority were farmers commonly due to insecticidal poisoning.
Pattern of poisoning in the present study corresponds with the pattern found in most other studies. Majority of victims were male and agricultural poisons were the most common type. Our study suggests that establishment of poison information centers, availability of antidotes in rural area, and creating awareness among people help effectively to resolve the problem.

Louse is an external, obligate, blood-sucking parasite, which infects human societies. Improvements in health, economics, and social status of societies have reduced the parasitic lice infestation, however, it still is a global problem. Although it affects all age groups, school children are the most vulnerable age group. The high incidence of infection in children and their long-term close contacts transmit the infestation easily among them. In some parts of our country, organophosphate pesticides are widely used to control pests. Due to the ease of access to these toxins, poisoning with them are common and according to global statistics most deaths by pesticide are associated with organophosphate pesticides. Accordingly, we report 3 cases of a family from rural areas of Babol City. Upon being sprayed with an organophosphate solution, they developed severe organophosphate intoxication (OI) associated with central nervous system suppression.

Fetishistic transvestism is a disorder of sexual perversion associated with fantasies and sexual urges to dress in opposite gender clothing as a means of arousal and adjunct to masturbation and coitus. However, transvestism has been described in schizophrenia and psychosis and fetishism in the course of simple schizophrenia. Our reported case is a 26 year-old male found hanging in transvestite attire wearing blouse and petticoat. There was no psychiatric background and no known previous suicidal behavior of the deceased. The manner of death was finally considered to be an accident. The cause of the death was accidental hanging provoked by fatal autoerotic asphyxia.