فصلنامه پژوهش های راهبردی سیاست
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1396)

Hypocrisy was one of the most important issues and problems in the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) era. Hypocrites were scattered in Medina, and they acted like true Muslims; so, the risk of alliance Between Muslims and the Prophet against the hypocrites was very serious. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) took several persuasive behaviors to reduce the risk of joining Muslims to Hypocrites. Studying these behaviors can help achieving the optimal model of persuading public opinion in the beliefs and cultural areas. According to this assumptions, this study aims to answer this question: what are the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) methods of Persuasions in confronting Hypocrites. Obviously, answering to this question means extracting the optimal model of Persuasion in confronting political opposition. In order to answer this question, Quranic statements about the behavior of the Prophet (PBUH) with hypocrites determined as the foundation of this study. Finally, by using the explanatory method, having ELM model as theoretical framework and searching its components in selected verses, the optimal model of persuading public opinion introduced and explained.

Recent developments in Arabic and Middle Eastern countries, particularly Iraq and Syria have caused a sensitive and critical status in this area. U.S global hegemony continued to provoke terrorism and other terrorist outfits. Meanwhile the rise of new emergency terrorist group such as ISIS have destabilized the Middle East and entrenched the region as the major source of global terror. Even the more stable states, such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia, display strong terrorist tendencies and support radical groups that engage in terrorism. Therefore, several major developments in the Middle East will keep the region a wellspring of terror and a source of inspiration for radicals for the foreseeable future. According this article terrorism tries to weak the regional power of Iran since our analysis has shown that Iran is the only country in the region that fights really against the terrorism. This article by using descriptive & analytical methods which based on theoretical teachings of international relations studies will show that terrorism and terrorist groups are the serious threats for national interesting of Islamic republic of Iran, by arguing that some of the stable countries in the region in all its manifestations breed terrorism.

Power as the most fundamental parameter on the politics has caught the attention of the public, socio-political forces, and the ruling bodies. The possession of power is the main objective of any political endeavor and the manner of acquiring and employing it establishes the bulk of the debates which are relevant to this concept.
The main criterion for testing the correct use or abuse of power is certainly the law. Whenever a ruler utilizes the power on the basis of his or her own taste and opinion, irrespective of the established codes and legal institutions, this power is called the personalized power. This text is going to designate how and through which methods the media hinder personalization of depersonalization of power.

Separation or closeness of Politics and administration is the key or principle place for production of knowledge in public administration area and scopes. In scientific societies of public administration, the degree of politics’ interference in administration named or called "politicization". On the other hand, it is so obvious that there is a degree of politicization in all administrative systems of world’s countries or administrations and there is no country in that, public administration does not execute politicians’ likes. Related to the professionalization degree of bureaucracy, adherence to political wishes is variable. The final purpose of this article is the comparative study and survey of politicization in six European and orth American countries. In this study Researchers using comparative method try to answer these questions, what are the concept, processes and consequences of politicization in Denmark, Germany, France, Britain, United States and Egypt. At the end, politicization in Iran has been viewed that can be a guideline in the international era for our domestic administrators.

One of the the most important issues in middle east and contemporary turkey is the study of stability and threat factors of democracy. Among the other countries of middle east, turkey has long-term experience in democracy. A glance to the country show turkey s democracy has fluctuating matter. In the other words, democracy in turkey as a form of government and a kind of relations between society and the government have face threat and stability factors simultaneously. The main goal of the article is evaluating causes of the issue. the article argues some variables such as turkey s constitution amendments, party system and trying to accession to EU (stability variables) and ethnic threats, religious minorities challenges and the military interventions (threat stability) have influenced turkey s democracy. to evaluate the hypothesis, the article has some sections such as theoretical framework with emphasis on stability and threat factors, historical approach to democracy trends in turkey and evaluation of threat-stability variables in turkey’s democracy.

In January 2011, the Tunisian Revolution started an unrest which soon spread to the rest of Middle East and North African Regions. I order to gain political power, a severe competition between regional and trans-regional powers took place in Syria in March 2011. The Turkish-Syrian relations grew darker in the past six years. This study tries to find the reasons of Turkey’s non-constructive intervention in Syria between August 2011 and the end of 2015. The hypothesis of this article assumes that Turkey considers Syria as a gateway to the Middle Eastern energy, thus, Ankara seeks a compatible government in Syria to help it become an energy hub. Cancellation the Arab-gas pipeline from Qatar to Turkey by Assad in order to replace it with that’s of Iran, revealed the fact that Syria is not a reliable partner for Turkey. Hence, from the beginning of the crisis, Turkey has developed the policy of overthrow Assad.

Producers and consumers of energy have sought to balance benefits and costs in production, trade and security of energy to afford their national interests. In this regard the study of Qatari and Russian energy polices as the two most important suppliers of oil and gas is important. The main question of the present article is as follows: how these actors use energy polices for upgrading national interests and which strategies they set to contribute energy diplomacy to foreign policy? The findings illustrate that despite both Qatar and Russia pursue a better position at regional and international levels and improve soft power in foreign policy, their achievements are not alike. While Russia has failed to generate soft power due to having a political and military approach to energy, Qatar has gained a torrent benefits such as socio-economic development and making a positive international image through economic diversification and avoiding political leveraging. moreover the export strategy and the kind of relations with the United states affects the energy diplomacy of Qatar and Russia.