فصلنامه راهبرد اجتماعی فرهنگی
پیاپی 27 (تابستان 1397)

In the Islamic Republic of Iran, cultural growth and monitoring are emphasized and the important point is to use futures studies concepts in cultural observation activities since cultural observation implies “cultural development signal scanning”, “on-time identification of cultural progressing and deterring issues”, “cultural monitoring” and “foresight and cultural policymaking support” which are not competently attended to in so-called domestic cultural observation activities. In the present paper, by clarifying cultural coordinates and observation of key components in the Islamic Republic of Iran, cultural observation morphological framework is provided to pave the way for observation of activities by cultural organizations. The present paper uses morphology as a Qualitative method; morphological analysis is used to structure multidimensional and non-quantitative issues and emphasizes on parameters and their conditions instead of causal relations. Based on this approach and by exploring relevant literature as well as forming a five-member expert group and professional discussions, 15 parameters were designed for cultural observation morphological framework and their conditions are provided under content and function parameters (culture levels, cultural elements, scanning context, key components and aspects, products and outputs and supportive function) and principal parameters (type of activity, main steps, scope, approach, frequency, time horizon, Resources, general methods, and user). To select paths for cultural observation, cultural observation Morphological Framework provides options based on parameters and conditions. Selecting such options depends on users’ relevant goals and needs.

Unsustainable use of water resources including inefficient irrigation, overexploitation of groundwater resources, damming, evaporating, river piping and pumping, lakes and wetlands shrinking, has become a global problem. Scientists have been studying hydrology without considering the role and impacts of human interventions and the coupling of human-nature effects. But it has been shown later that without it, the investigation of a hydrological cycle would be accompanied by error. For this reason, a novel concept of socio-hydrology was proposed to investigate the two-way coupling of human-water systems. Based on the results of studies and considering the importance of the human role in causing environmental changes, particularly in hydrological responses of basins, it seems necessary to study river basins in the form of socio-hydrology. Therefore, water experts in hydrology, water resources management, sociology, and economics need to become familiar with new interdisciplinary concepts, including socio-hydrology in order to tackle water challenges in river basins. In this paper, in addition to introducing the concept of socio-hydrology, the differences between socio-hydrology, integrated water resources management, and phytosociology are addressed. Furthermore, the different kinds of coupling human-water systems investigation including historical socio-hydrology, comparative socio-hydrology, and process socio-hydrology are introduced. Finally, the challenges that socio-hydrology encounters with; were argued.

Town & country planning is regarded as the main strategy for legal and administrative delocalization of Tehran and in the Constitutional Law, rules for 5 years development, national rules. It focuses on Town & country planning. In all 5 years plans, it is referred to seasonal development, balanced and regional development and Town & country planning and this issue reveals the importance of town & country planning. Moreover, in the years 2004 and 2015 the State Cabinet and Town & Country Planning Council ratified the law for insisting on town & country planning. It is to be noted that although evolutions of town & country planning during recent years confirms evolution of this issue at planning system of Iran and the issue of town & country planning in spite of ups and downs is strongly supported by planning system of Iran; the town & country planning was never executed seriously and some of the consequences for lack of executing this planning are: focus of facilities (political, administrative, scientific, educational, political-administrative, social, cultural, health, treatment and industrial) in metropolis of Tehran. It is to be noted that many problems of Tehran are originated from economic, social and spatial systems and it is necessary to solve these problems not only in Tehran but also in all parts of Iran. Thus, delocalization of Tehran shall be depend on benefiting national and multidimensional approaches. Nowadays, it is required to have inner field approaches toward different topics. It is to be noted that this approach does not negate the independence of different specialty fields; rather, its purpose is benefiting data from other fields if science and preventing from offering single aspect and unilateral strategies and through offering holistic, multidimensional approaches attempting to increase cooperation and overlap between different fields of law and other humanities. Thus, the present research deals with delocalization as inner field topic within frame of Town & country Planning.

Culture and economics have bilinear and interactive relationships, In the meantime, the economics of culture has turned to the economic context of a cultural issue and in accordance with cultural goals and economic analysis, allocates resources optimally to the production and distribution of cultural goods and services. What matters is the use of appropriate, efficient and suitable strategies, due to the strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats, it should be regulated and implemented until the boom of the economics of culture has led to its many fruits. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of studying the effective strategies on strengthening the structure of the economics of culture in Iran by a qualitative phenomenological method targeted sampling with maximum variation and deep interviewing was carried out to reach the maximum information of 20 people. Individuals were selected from scholars and experts experienced in various fields of the economics of culture from Isfahan, Tehran and Qom. The analysis was carried out according to steyvic-Qualiazy-kan method. Coding began with the extraction of 448 meaningful concepts and in four levels in 16 main themes were summarized and categorized and described in a descriptive compilation of the phenomenon. The findings are: "editing effective policies", "discourse", "improving the cultural business space", "modification of the law of right of ownership and executive obligations", "governmental regular intervention and submission to private sector ", "regulating bachelor support", "create detailed database", "establishing a trusted and employing efficient managers", "create a healthy economic flow and market formation", "utilizing the diverse internal capacities", "network branding", "safe networking for production and distribution", "setting up small businesses", "effective supervision", "providing infrastructure" and "establishing creative cities".

Women’s employment has been considered as a challenging issue at a national as well as global level, and this has brought into play the public policy-making which is responsible for identifying and solving public problems. This science makes a distinction between problem sensing and problem perception. Sensing of the women’s employment problem associates us with issues such as the mismatch between job demand and supply for women or the mismatch between job attributes and women’s attributes, but problem perception is suggestive of a public atmosphere within the society, which directs the women’s choices and guides their options, and this atmosphere leads to a social constraint on women’s employment in the society. In other words, society has been the dominant force in development of environmental factors and modification of the natural factors, and its role in negation of free will, common sense, and rationality is rare, even unique. Thus, women’s employment issue in the society will not be settled unless through the reformation of society and removal of the existing social constraint as the causing and promoting factor in the women's employment. Accordingly, the present research aims to explain the women’s employment policies from the social constraint viewpoint. In order to get access to women’s employment policies, a multi methodology have been drawn upon. In this regard, the desk research method and a focus group interview were utilized and in the next stage, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique was used to present a final model for the women’s employment policies. The results suggested the following seven policies: demand adjustment, discourse-making of the housekeeping as a job, promotion of household jobs, avoidance of being highly excited in choosing an occupation, encouragement of the conscious action, explanation of the goodness of action, the elimination of the factors causing social constraint.

Iran ethnically is a heterogeneous country, which characterized by their own culture and tradition and each ethnic group pursues its different lifestyle. Understanding lifestyle of each ethnic group would help the policy makers of the country in formulation of macro-management policies. For this reason we have studied the lifestyle of Baloch people in the aftermath of Iranian Islamic Revolution as one of the oldest Iranian ethnic groups. We attempted to identify attitudes of Baloch people and their lifestyles. The data collection instrument for the current research is questionnaire which after selecting statistical population by using random sampling, the questionnaire distributed and the data were evaluated by analytical software. The statistical population of the current research divided among three main groups: The first group among educated Baloch with university education, the second group among the Baloch who have religious education and the third group among the representative of city as well as village counsels. Based on the result achieved from this study it is apparent that ,there is a relation between sense of self and type of life styles of Baloch activists, which means that people in terms of their belonging to three sense which includes idealistic, simulative and existential are having modern, semi-modern and semi-traditional and traditional life styles, respectively. The finding of the research proved that type of idealized sense of self among the university educated there are some sorts of simulate sense of self among the city as well as village counsels which have a stronger sense of self in comparison of seminary educated people. The result proved that the more Baloch ethnic community have higher university education, it is more likely that they have greater tendency to the modern cultural institution. Therefor they tend to have a modern life style and a weaker religious as well as ethnic attitudes. However those having seminary education have a greater religious as well as ethnic sentiments and their style of living is traditional. There are some other underlying variables such as gender, age, education, income, occupation, type of housing and geographical location which have their own impact on the choice of Baloch life style.

Each society has different cultural criteria based on patterns and values of the society that governs it, which requires policy making based on indigenous and valuable needs. Universities are considered as a cultural institutions and culture building communities in the higher education system. In this paper, the upstream documents related to the higher education, as declarative strategies, are extracted and the corresponding texts are surveyed by content analysis through the selection of binding statements for universities as well as open and axial coding. From 78 statements, 23 main codes are extracted and grouped in four categories. To extract appropriate measures, the resulted axial codes are used. Then, we proposed 3 categories of measures and corresponding concepts for Iranian university including cultural fundamental values, cultural excellence and cultural promotion. The results confirm that the most effective code in each of the above criteria is Islamic values, cultural authority and promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship.

The expansion of virtual social networks and the Internet have become a major challenge to socialization in a way that they have led sociologists speak of the concept of "online socialization". Generational differences in socialization process (virtual and non-virtual) may result in the formation of different meanings and meaningful objects. The present research is based on the paradigm of interpretive- social constructionism using the "virtual ethnography" method. The population of the study consisted of 27 participants selected through theoretical and purposive sampling method. These participants were active users of “Telegram” and “Viber” social networks. The data was collected by open and in-depth qualitative interviews. The analysis of the data was conducted using the grounded theory approach, particularly Glazer’s three stage coding method. The findings of this study showed that the limitations of the objective world on the one hand and the fantasies of the cyberspace on the other, led the young subjects to the use of virtual social networks and ultimately to the virtualization of actions. Virtual subjects constructed their own subjective world, which in general could be different from the objective and the real world with respect to meanings and objects (in terms of fluidity and the speed of change). The results also showed that membership and the use of virtual social networks led to the construction of inter-generational gaps in meanings, meanings confusion, objective fluidity and a type of dual core generational meanings. This could contribute to inter-generational distinctions in meaning and identity as well as generation gap.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model for the influence of the brand community on brand performance, considering the role of the mediator of the system of suggestions, for media organizations to produce, expand and interact with the brand community. This research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups: the community of Sony's customers and fans, and the second group of Sony's brand managers, marketers and vendors. The sample size of the research for both users and managers, marketers and sellers due to lack of accurate statistics, according to the Cochran formula, was selected by 384 people. The questionnaire was distributed online by simple random sampling. The first group filled out the questionnaire of the brand community and the second group completed the questionnaire of brand performance and the system of suggestions. To validate the measurements, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with Lisrel software and then for reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha. The hypotheses was tested using the PALS structural software. The results showed that the system of mediation suggests the effects of brand community on the four elements of brand performance. Brand community in social media can enhance brand performance by improving communications and interactions between members. Also, the existence and establishment of the system suggestions as a bridge and feedback can affect the relationship between the brand community and brand performance.

This article is about the condition of law at universities. After the Cultural Revolution, in 1980, and closing university for Two years, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution became known as the governmental institute to legislate laws of the university. This supreme council is parallel to the Iranian parliament and it has the right to legislate in some fields such as the university that the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology is responsible to enforce laws. But, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution legislates laws are ambiguous, interpretable and generalized. These features have caused university officials to enforce laws based on their own interpretation and manner. Thus, we are looking for answering the question of “how is the condition of laws in Iran universities?, and how do students experience them?” For this reason, at four universities in the fields of art and human sciences and engineering, we interviewed 50 students, and also with 5 lawyers who are familiar with legal issues at the university. In result, the enforcement of laws at universities is with university officials’ manners and this is on the contrary to the function of laws to eliminate the abuse of power. Therefore, this vast injustice and misuse of laws alienate student from university, and then the most important theoretical and conceptual findings are that the university is based on the reason of the ideologies at the beginning time of Islamic revolution. Thus they are not compatible with the current students’ life.