مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 25، بهار 1398)

Social anxiety and rumination are one of the most common emotional problems which affect the lives of different groups, especially young people. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of emotion regulation training on reducing the rumination and social anxiety of second high school girl students in Shahrekord. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all second high school girl students in Shahrekord during the academic years of 2017-2018. 40 people participated in this study (20 participants in the experimental group and 20 participants in the control group), which were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The experimental group was under emotion regulation group training for eight 90-minute sessions. The data collection tools were Rumination Questionnaire and Social Anxiety Scale. Inferential statistics methods of repeated measures were used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis indicated that emotion regulation training had a significant effect on reducing rumination (F=17/52, P<0/01) and social anxiety (F=20/16, P < 0.01). Findings also showed that the decrease in rumination (F=5/97, P<0/01) and social anxiety (F=14/57, P<0/01) in the follow up step was also maintained. According to the results of this study, emotional regulation in schools is very important and it is an important factor in decreasing the social rhythm and social anxiety of female students.

Nurses are among the key people who have the most relationship with patients. Effective communication skills in nurses lead to satisfaction of patients with nursing services, stress reduction in patients and speeding up their recovery. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF model on communication skills of nurses with patients in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group conducted on 96 nurses working in two hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The participants were randomly selected from 17 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data-gathering tools were a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the structures of the BASNEF model. Educational intervention was performed based on the results of the pre-test in the intervention group in 3 sessions of 45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18, statistical tests, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, ANOVA, and paired t-test. The results of this study showed that the mean score of knowledge, as well as the structures of the BASNEF model were significantly different from that of the control group’s after educational intervention (P<0.05), which confirms the effect of education on the basis of the BASNEF model. According to the results of this research, education based on the BASNEF model leads to the development of communication skills with the patient in nurses. Therefore, the researchers recommend education based on this educational model.

The curriculum of education and promotion of health in raising the awareness and development of the health culture of students is important. In order to pay attention to the importance of health issues in the student’s health process, it is necessary to develop the content of textbooks and an educational program that can accommodate all the essential health education needs. This study is of content analysis type using “Shannon Entropy Method”, which specifies qualitative and quantitative data processing in content analysis. From the viewpoint of respondents, the content (the content of all the textbooks of first three years of elementary schools) was reviewed using 12 main components and 58 sub-components of health and health promotion; its validity was confirmed by curriculum planning and health education experts and its reliability (0/72) was obtained through Scott’s method. Results of content analysis of Shannon Entropy of reviewing the textbooks of first elementary school grades, indicated components of mental health with 284 items (WJ=0/1832), and familiarity with foodstuffs with 271 items (WJ=0/1981) assigned the most frequency and importance, and the disability indicator components (the importance of disability, helping disabled people, different types of disability, etc.) with 0 items (WJ=0) were the least important indicators and components. Findings of component frequency indicated the health system components do not have normal distribution, in other words health education and health promotion have been addressed in very low level in curriculum, while health is the most important factor in development and guarantees the survival of community.

Couples’ relationships have been challenged due to the online social networks. In this interpretive inquiry, we explored couples’ perspectives toward implications of online social networks on marital life. This study was carried out in Zanjan, where individual indepth interviews were conducted on 20 participants who experienced marriage and presence in online social networks. The data were collected and recorded by semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Nvivo-Ver11 in Graneheim Lundman analysis approach. Data analysis led to extraction of 301 codes, 21 sub-categories, 6 categories and 2 themes including perceived positive outcomes of social media on couples’ lives including 2 subcategories as awareness context and availability, and perceived negative outcomes of presence in online social networks on couples’ lives including 4 sub-categories as affected relationship, hidden affair, threaten marital life, Individualized marital life. Expansion of social media, like any other technological developments, has positive and negative effects on marital life. Media literacy is a recommended approach to reducing the negative impact of being present in online social networks.

More than half of Afghan refugees in Iran are adolescent. One of the important challenges in adapting to the new environment is the acculturative stress that can threaten the physical and mental health of refugee adolescents. In order to identify the acculturation stressors, the validity of the Acculturative Stress Scale on Afghan refugee adolescents in Iran was evaluated for the first time. The statistical population of the study is all Afghan refugee adolescent students in Iran who are studying at international schools in Tehran province. 406 participants were randomly selected, between the ages of 14 and 18, (166 boys and 240 girls). The tool of this research is an Acculturative Stress Scale that evaluates the translation validity, content validity and construct validity. The results showed that the Acculturative Stress Scale in Afghan adolescent samples has good content validity. The results have confirmed the three factor structure of Acculturative Stress Scale in Afghan refugee adolescent samples in Iran. Exploratory factor analysis results for each variable was: process-oriented stress (32.76%), social stress (9.43%), and perceived discrimination (3.47%); this explained that in total 46% of the variance was explained by these three factors and the goodness index of fit is 0.40 which is at the very adequate level. This tool can be used to identify the risk factors in the adolescent refugee population. Also, this tool can examine the challenges of positive adaptation to the new environment and prevent mental disorders associated with acculturative stress. It is necessary for researchers to pay attention to the context, social and cultural status when assessing the acculturative stress.

Today, we face increasing number of caesarean section as an unnecessary medical technology. In fact, performing caesarean section without medical reason has many harmful consequences for mother and her baby. The current study was aimed to determine the effect of planned behavior-based educational intervention on the selection of childbirth method among primipara women who visit health centers of Tehran during 2016-2017. This was a semi empirical study, with pre-test, post-test design and control group. 120 primiparas who visited health centers were randomly categorized into intervention and control groups. Data was collected by researcher-made questionnaire based on the construct of the theory of planned behavior, and after confirming its validity and reliability, was distributed between the statistical samples. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS16. The descriptive findings showed that intervention and control groups were demographically homogenous. The inferential findings showed that between the average of both groups in all construct, except for the behavioral ones, there was no meaningful difference before the educational intervention (P>0.001) while after that, the difference of average were meaningful (P<0.001). The results indicated that the program has a positive effect on improving the selection of childbirth method among primiparas as they are more tended to natural childbirth than caesarean section. Therefore, the construct of the theory of planned behavior can be used to encourage such women to choose natural childbirth instead of caesarean section.

Health literacy is a cognitive and social skill that determines people’s motivation and ability to acquire, understand, and use health information to promote and maintain good health. The aim of this study is to determine health literacy and its relationship with health-related quality of life in students of the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Rey branch In this cross-sectional correlational study, health literacy and quality of life of 278 students were measured. Randomized multistage sampling method was applied. Functional Health Literacy of Adults (TOFHLA), and SF-12(short form of SF-36) were used to collect the data. For data analysis, SPSS 16 software, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and regression statistical tests were used. The Findings showed that the average health literacy score was 70.35±18/25, which 25/2 % (70 people) had inadequate health literacy, 21.9 % (61 people) had border health literacy, and 52/9 % (147 people) had adequate health literacy. The mean score of quality of life for students was 36/99±5/80; which  3/23 % (n = 9), 43/88 % (n=61), 54/31 % (151 people) had poor, moderate, and good QOL respectively. The results of this study showed health literacy has a significant relationship with the overall quality of life (P>0/05), physical (P >0/05), and psychological (P >0/05) dimensions. Students’ health literacy is associated with their quality of life and its dimensions. Therefore, in order to promote their educational performance, which causes a better quality of life, it is important to concentrate on improving QOL of People through increasing their health literacy.

A basic intervention to reduce prevalence of the disease is educating healthy lifestyle particularly for those who are at risk. Present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of two methods of in-situ training and text messaging on blood pressure and lifestyle in a number of military forces susceptible to hypertension. Using a quasi-experimental study, 100 individuals from military forces were randomly assigned to either in-situ training or text messaging groups. Initial assessment on systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as lifestyle, body mass index, and physical activity were conducted. Then both groups experienced an educational intervention either by in-situ training or text messaging. Three months after the intervention all variables were assessed again and the data were analyzed by student t-test and Chi-square statistical tests. Systolic blood pressures in average revealed a significant reduction in both groups after intervention compared to baseline. Variables such as weight, body mass index, and physical activity improved in both groups after intervention. Although, the lifestyle total score changed considerably in both groups, in the text-messaging group there was no notable change in domains including health responsibility, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relationships. Text messaging to somewhat may be effective as well as in-situ training to change some health related behaviors and consequently be resulted in blood pressure control.

Depression is one of the most common psychological problems that can increase addiction potential and decrease psychological well-being. There are different methods to improve the psychological status of people and logotherapy is one of them. As a result, present research aims to determine effectiveness of Frankl’s logotherapy on addiction potential and psychological well-being of girl students with depression. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. The research population included girl students with depression in Farhangian University of Birjand Pardis in the 2017-18 academic years. 30 people were selected via available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (twice a week) using Frankl’s logotherapy method. The instruments included the questionnaires of depression, addiction potential, and psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using t-test and MANCOVA methods. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of addiction potential and psychological well-being. In the other words, the Frankl’s logotherapy significantly led to decreased addiction potential (F=57/10, P<0/001) and increased psychological well-being (F=73/36, P<0/001) of girl students with depression. The results indicated the effectiveness of Frankl’s logotherapy on decreasing addiction potential and increasing psychological well-being. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use Frankl’s logotherapy method to decrease addiction potential and increase psychological well-being of girl students with depression.

Middle age is an important period of life that is associated with reduced physical fitness and therefore, the participation in regular physical activity in this period of life is of great importance. The purpose of this research is to develop a social marketing model for promoting well-informed and low-income middle-aged people’ participation in regular physical activity. This study was a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach that was carried out in two stages. The first stage included recognizing the target audience’s view of participation in physical activity, and the second stage included determining the strategies for mixed social marketing and developing the research model. The statistical population of the first stage consisted of healthy individuals aged 45-64, and in the second stage, the statistical population included the relevant experts. Sampling was done purposefully and data were collected through 3 focus groups and 18 semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, three-step coding method was used and data validity was evaluated using standard methods. After identifying the internal and external barriers and facilitators of participating well-informed and low-income middle-aged people in physical activity, mixed social marketing strategies including product, place, promotion, and price strategies were determined and the final model was developed. In order to promote well-informed and low-income middle-aged people participation in regular physical activity, standard, principled, fun, and practicable physical activities with the lowest possible cost, the best access conditions and the most appropriate promotional messages should be provided for the target audience.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness education on decreasing aggression and increasing mental health of soldiers of the 321 armed forces of Marand Army. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. 30 soldiers who had higher scores in aggression and mental health tests were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Group training sessions were held in a weekly session during eight 90-minute sessions. Subsequently, both test and control groups were subjected to post-test implementation. Bass & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Goldberg & Hiller’s Mental Health Questionnaire were administered to the two groups. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance test (MANCOVA) was used. Findings showed that the training of mindfulness on aggression components among military soldiers at the significant level has a significant effect (P <0.05). Mentally-mindedness education has a significant effect on the mental health components among military soldiers at the significance level of (P <0.05). We concluded that the use of mind-bending techniques and teachings was effective in reducing aggression and improving mental health among soldiers.