مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1397)

Elderly age is an evolutionary stage and one of the most important periods of life for every human, and exercise plays an important role in the physical and mental health of elderly people. According to the importance of the subject, the aim of this study is identification of strategies for promoting the health of elderly with sporting activities. This qualitative study was carried out based on content analysis method. The participants were selected via purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Researcher reached theoretical saturation after 12 interviews with the elderly and 16 interviews with the key informants. After collecting data, qualitative content analysis method was used for its analysis. 10 themes and 21 subthemes were emerged from data analysis. The themes included establishment of an elderly sports organization, codify a strategic and operational program for the development of older sports, Setting up elder sport rules, Development of places and sports spaces for elders, providing expert human resources, establishing a research and development unit for elderly sports, development of advertising, development and improvement of service quality, development of the culture of aging sports, development of budget for the elderly sports. The results of the study identified ten strategies for improving the health of the elderly with sports activities. According to the findings, it is suggested that managers while planning the promotion of elderly people’s health, considere achieved strategies.

Obesity is a one of the major problems of developing societies and its prevalence is steadily increasing. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy and diet therapy on weight reduction and promotion of lifestyle self-efficacy in obese people. This was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design. From the obese people referring to psychological counseling centers and nutrition clinics of Tehran city, 30 people 20 to 40 years old were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups. The groups were trained in 10 sessions (one session per week) and body mass index and Clark et al’s lifestyle self-efficacy were measured in pre-test and post-test phases. The data were analyzed by T-Test and MANCOVA methods. The findings showed that both two methods of cognitive behavior therapy and diet therapy were effective on weight reduction and promotion of lifestyle self-efficacy in obese people. Also cognitive behavior therapy in comparison diet therapy significantly led to weight reduction and promotion of lifestyle self-efficacy of obese people (P<0/001). The results indicated the importance of both two methods especially cognitive behavior therapy method in weight reduction and promotion of lifestyle self-efficacy of obese people. Therefore, both two methods can be used by counselors and therapists in order for weight reduction and promotion of lifestyle self-efficacy of obese people.

Today, with increasing levels of stress in the personal and professional life of individuals and observing its harmful consequences on physical and mental health, many efforts have been made by health activists to restrain it. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on decreasing job stress and increasing well-being psychological of an industrial company’s employees. This research was a field experiment with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The participants of this research were 36 individuals of an industrial company who were selected using random sampling and were assigned to experimental and control groups. Both of the groups were evaluated before and after the test. The experimental group participated in 11 sessions of cognitive-behavioral st ress management training. Parker & DeCotiis job Stress Questionnaire and Rif Psychological wellbeing Questionnaire were used to evaluate research variables. The data were analyzed using SPSS software through covariance analysis and paired t-test. Results showed that stress management training with cognitive-behavioral approach led to increase the dimensions of psychological well-being in the experimental group and decreased job stress (P <0.001). Accordingly, this training can be considered as a practical and cost effective way to reduce job stress and increase the psychological well-being of employees and ultimately increase their physical and mental health factors in this organization.

Osteoporosis is a disease which is accompanied with decrease of bone mass. We know that the maximum bone mass is made up to 30 years old. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of education based on self-efficacy theory on the self-efficacy of osteoporosis prevention behavior in brides who were referred to pre-marriage counselling center in Zanjan in 2017. In this semi-experimental study, 138 brides were chosen by convenience sampling and assigned to three groups: two intervention groups and one control group. After filling out the questionnaire which was made by the researcher, the education content was taught orally in the first intervention group and it was taught by telegram in the second intervention group.
After two months the researcher evaluated two intervention and control groups and the data was analyzed by ANOVA in SPSS23. After intervention, the mean of nutrition self-efficacy and physical activity self-efficacy in oral intervention group, was 29.1± 3.82 and 6.35± 1.52 respectively and in telegram intervention group was 29.2±2.76 and 6.71±1.41 respectively. These means had statistically significant differences with mean of nutrition self-efficacy (23.59± 5.25) and physical activity self-efficacy (5±5.25) in control group. This difference was more in telegram group than the oral group. The education based on self- efficacy theory by oral and telegram was effective in improving of the preventive behavior of osteoporosis. The effect of telegram is more than the oral education.

Background and Objectiv: The elderly are at risk of the negative effects of stress, anxiety and depression and all these factors must be identified; then the current survey was aimed to investigate the effect of theory-based education (Theory of Planned Behavior) on subscales of mental health of elders. In an experimental study, one hundred elders (50 allocated randomly to the intervention group and 50 to the control group) aged over 60 were chosen. Data were collected using two instruments including a DASS-21 standard questionnaire and a researcher- made questionnaire. Education was provided in ten sessions (70 minutes) based on Theory of Planned Behavior. Data were assessed in pre-intervention and 8 weeks follow-up and finally analyzed using SPSS20 and Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Independent t-test, and Paired t-test. The mean score of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of the intervention group was significantly higher 8 weeks after educational program and the mean score of DASS (stress, anxiety and depression) was lower than the control group (P<0.001). The Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between the DASS score and theory constructs eight weeks after intervention (P<0.001). According to current findings, mental health of elderly and public health will be likely increased because of the use of effective educational program for elders’ care.

Diabetes is a common chronic diseases that different factors play an important role in controlling it as well as in its patients’ self-care behaviors. The Survey shows the traditional cares performed so far have not been enough. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of electronic education on self-care behaviors among the patients with type II diabetes who were a member of Babol Diabetes Association. The present research was a controlled intervention study conducted on 180 people with diabetes. These patients were assigned to two groups of 90 through simple random sampling: the case group and the control group. Only the case group were trained through electronic method for 3 months. The information about the patients’ self-care behaviors were collected in both pre-intervention and post-intervention phases using the standard diabetes self-care questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS as well as descriptive tests (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation) and analytic statistical tests (Chi-Square and Paired T-test). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean self-care scores acquired before and 3 months after the educational intervention (0/001< P). The mean self-care score acquired 3 months after the educational intervention increased in the case group, in as much as it had statistically significant difference (0/001< P). The mean self-care score acquired 3 months after the educational intervention decreased in the control group, so that it had statistically significant difference in a reverse order (0/001> P). The electronic education has a positive effect on self-care behaviors of patients with diabetes, and the patients’ mean self-care score improves.

Since policy on food safety education has strengthened the mechanisms of public entry into the food control system and it is effective in comprehensive implementation of food safety in the community, this research was conducted to explore a model of education policy on food safety to understand processes in real and social situations. This study is an applied research in term of goal and it is qualitative in terms of data type based on grounded theory approach.
The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured interviews and sampling method was Purposive with snowball techniques.
The statistical population of this study consisted of 25 food safety managers. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data collection in MAXQDA2010. Final research findings could be discussed in seven categories including: wide range of stakeholders in education policy and creating a supportive macroenvironment as contex, comprehensive and integrated approach of food safety education as phenomenon, development of food safety based on knowledge as causal conditions, fulfilling resource needs as action strategies, nativism as intervening conditions and promoting of nutritional culture and knowledge of society as consequences. In this study, the structure of the food safety education policy was obtained with the explanation of the grounded theory model.

Adolescents are the most vulnerable in a society against high-risk behaviors. Considering the necessity of evaluating the high-risk behaviors of adolescents regarding the formulation of preventive programs, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated to high-risk behaviors among students in Sanandaj based on Health Belief Model. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 363 male students studying in the second period of high schools, who were selected by cluster sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic questions, health belief model, knowledge and behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In this study, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among students was 63.1% (n=229). There was a significant statistical difference between knowledge and perceived susceptibility constructs, cues to action, perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy (P <0.05) in people with high risk behaviors and those who did not have high risk behavior; but there was no significant difference between perceived benefits and perceived severity in the two groups of students (P >0.05). Due to the high prevalence of high risk behaviors and its significant relationship with the health belief model structures among students, the structures of this model can be effective in preventing high risk behaviors in adolescents.

Students with mathematics disorder are faced with various neurocognitive factors, that affect their quality of life. Considering the relationship between neurocognitive functions with self-regulation, one of the methods capable of assisting the students with mathematics disorder is the self-regulation empowerment training. The current study aimed at determining the effect of self-regulation empowerment program training on neurocognitive functions in students with mathematics disorder. The study was a semi-experimental with pretest/posttest design and a control group. The study sample was consisted of 26 students with mathematics disorder in Rasht city in 2018, selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. To collect the data, tower of Hanoi task, stroop test, dual n-back task, and Wisconsin card sorting test were used before and after the intervention. A twelve-session self-regulation empowerment program training was implemented for the experimental group. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS 24. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean scores of experimental and control groups in all four neurocognitive functions. In other words, self-regulation empowerment program training leads to promote the executive planning, selective attention, working memory performance and cognitive flexibility of students with mathematics disorder (P< 0.001). According to the findings of the research, self-regulation empowerment training can improve the neurocognitive functions in students with mathematics disorder. Therefore, it is suggested that this intervention applies for training students with mathematics disorder.

Maintaining football players’ good physical health status is a key element in a successful soccer competition. Knee and ankle joints have shown the highest rate of injuries. Frequent injuries in such joints will result in increasing of risk of osteoarthritis, shortness in the injured limb in comparison to symmetry limb and financial problems due to the cost paid for the treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific warm up program consisting of dynamic stretch, strength and plyometric exercises (DSP) on prevention of knee and ankle injuries among young male soccer players. Two teams of Iranian young soccer league (2017-2018) who accepted to join the study were randomly divided into the experimental (N=25) and control (N=29) groups. During the study period, the experimental group performed the DSP program 3 times per week for warming up before training and competition. Control group continued its routines warm up program. Having confirmed by a physician, injuries occurred during the season were recorded in the injury registration form. Chi- square analysis test was used to compare the injuries between two groups. Results indicated a significant difference in knee injuries between two groups as players in experimental group were injured less than control group (P=0.029); while there was no significant difference between two groups in ankle injuries (P=0.518). This study confirmed that using a systematic warm up program including plyometric exercises plus strengthening of muscles involved in the movement of knee and ankle joints results in the prevention of knee and ankle injuries.

Exercise or physical activity is one of the main ways for improving health and having a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on Musclin and insulin in overweight female students. In 2017, 20 overweight young female students of Alzahra University (range: 20-28 yrs.) were selected and divided into two groups: control and HIIT. Training group performed high intensity circuit training consisting of six stations (40 s exercise/40 s active recovery) 3 days a week for 6 weeks while control group continued their usual daily activities. Blood samples collected before and after the research period and analyzed for Musclin, insulin and glucose. Repeated measures ANOVA used for statistical testing. After 6 weeks, there were no significant difference between two groups in serum Musclin changes (P ₌ 0.89). Similar results were also observed for glucose (P ₌ 0.54) and insulin resistance (P ₌ 0.15), while these changes were significant in insulin values (P ₌ 0.008). Six weeks of high Intensity Circuit Interval Training, did not affect Musclin levels in overweight female students; due to the lack of relation between Musclin and insulin resistance, this Myokine probably cannot considered as an effective factor in the insulin resistance process and health.