مجله عرفانیات در ادب فارسی (ادب و عرفان)
پیاپی 15 (تابستان 1392)

In the modern stylistics, there is a close relationship between psychology and poet or writer’s stylistic traits.Carl Gustav Jung believes that there is a kind of collective unconsicious common to all human beings. This Collective unconscious includes the archetypes that all human beings inherite From their ancestors. Art and literature are related to the ancient history of mankind through archetypes, and any reader unconsciously finds himself involved in it There is a close relationship between Hafiz’s original ideas and Jung’s psychology. The archetypes in Hafiz sonnets are anima, old wisemam, shadow, persona, creation,eternity, soul , fortune, utopia and fire.This article attempts to open doors for those scholars and researchers who are interested in Persian language literature.

In this research, the mystical approach of Rashid Al-din Meibodi about the verses concerning death is analyzed. Death is a definite event highlighted by Quran in many verses. Meibodi, in the third round of his book, habitually interprets the verses of Quran. He uses two methods of hermeneutics including comparative and sensational one, but lots of his interpretations are in a comparative way. This descriptive-analytic study shows that Meibodi has brought up issues like self- wanted death, mystic’s condition in the time of death, mysticism’s point of view about death and its role in joining God ,etc. and with the help of words, poems and narrated stories from religious and mystic masters, he has made the issue clear.

Sufi is one of the most important keywords in Masnavi. Every Mowlana`s words come from his mystical pint of view. He sometimes mixes mysticism with Sufism. Finding his pure thought requires having a deep insight. In Masnavi, he proposes "mystical psychology" but not according to systematic paradigms of classic books, so the researcher of his works should provide a framework within which these teachings can be examined. This paper, with the help of analysis – descriptive method, reveals the figure of Sufi and distinguishes real Sufi from false one.

Elahi Qomsheie's thinking has a divine and monotheistic origin. Servitude, devotion, love , mysticism, belief in moral principles and the poet's spiritual excursion are the qualities of a brilliant soul flowing from his beautiful poems.  His Divan is a mystical, aesthetic and artistic collection in which theoretical and applied mysticism is explicated eloquently. The major part of his Divan is devoted to theoretical mysticism which covers topics such as unity of being, unity of manifestation, love (of God), the best order of the universe, etc. The pivotal element in his poems is "love"."Love" in his poems is a spiritual and divine love not a physical and metaphorical one. The mysterious language used to express love is a language of a mystic who tries to be united with the eternal love. He uses mysticism, Quran and Hadith to express his philosophical ideas.

Remembering death is one of the common issues in Persian literature and all the poets have considered it according to their beliefs. Mystical interpretation of death is among the best approaches and far from melancholic point of views(those belong to Roodaki) and philosophical ones (those belong to Khayam). Poets like Baba Taher,Sanayee,Attar and Mowlavi interpret death mystically. Baba Taher as a Gnostic poet and a hermit has composed death to warn repeatedly mammonists and negligents of the fifth century. His approach contains mystical interpretations and mystical beliefs. This article investigates Baba Taher’s concentration on death.

Farr, Farrah, Xwarrah or Xwarnah is heavenly power that has given to human to perform their functions. Rulers, priests and heroes have special Farrah. They are victorious when they have divine Farrah. They have defeated when this heavenly power escape them. Farvardin yašt, the longest yašt is allocated to Faravahar. Avesta’s Farvahar is equivalent to pahlavi’s faravašī. Farvardin is rooted from this word. Faravaši is formed from farr that means ahead and it’s root is vaš or vaxš that means to increase. This article names Iranian rulers and heroes that have farr to show value of this heavenly gift.

Khagani is a famous poet, but he is hard to be known in the history of Persian literature. Contradictory statements in his poems have long been a focus of researcher’s concentration and most of the critics have considered contradictory concepts and their reason in his poetry. This study, at first, considers and criticizes researchers’ view as well as contradictory conceptions in Khagani’s poems according to moral criticism. Secondly, it attempts at scrutinizing the reasons for such contradictory statements regarding his time and his poetry. It seems that egotism, self gloring, inferiority complex and the condition of  poet’s time are among the main reasons of his contradictory statements.

In mysticism, symbolism is a superior picture of the confined world for conveying and explaining the countless spiritual messages.This is why that Mowlavi, the mystic poet, artistically and eloquently invites his audiences to an endless feast of love. In Shams Sonnets,he gets benefit from every word and phrase to reach this achievement and sometimes uses words in various meanings because of limited number of words and his different moods. This study attempts to indicate the oppositions and contrasts of symbolic implications and also the way to interpret and assert these implications in order to find a better understanding of this long mystical work.