مجله عرفانیات در ادب فارسی (ادب و عرفان)
پیاپی 16 (پاییز 1392)

The present article focuses on the results of a comparative study of Nezami's narratives in Haft Peikar and some historical works. The main concern of this study is to determine the extent that Haft Peikar’s narratives are adaptable with the historical facts. Also, the most important objective of this study is to determine Nezami’s exploitation from historical texts and also, distortions he has made to narrate the historical events. The results obtained from content analysis method showed that some sections in Haft Peikar have been produced based on historical texts, while others are the results of the poet’s own literary reflections as well as distortions he has made over- using his poetic imagination- into historical accounts.

This  study  is  an  effort  towards understanding  the  historical  nature of “Ozri Love” and its reflection in the lyrical poem of  Leili and Majooun. Being a supreme human love, the virtuous love holds an outstanding   position both in mystical and poetical literature. In spite of little historical –literary evidence, this  kind of love still manifests itself in mysticism and sometimes becomes an excuse for approaching to the ocean of true knowledge. This love is a beginning for a new way of affection that causes the soul of the lover to be cleaned and consequently influences  Sufia texts by didactic educations.

In this paper, we have attempted to show the evalution of social norms in the panegyric poems of Iranian – Arabic and Persian poets-from the 1st to the second half of the fifth century. For this purpose, by studing the panegyric poems of this period, we category the benchmark of social values. The results show that in the first three century, race is the most important of social values. In the fourth century, however, religion and jihad against in fidels are very important and valuable, They are after the race. From the first half of the fifth century, religion and religiosity as the best norm of social values are the top, and warrior and justice are in the next period. The main reasons for the evaluation of social values criteria include: Growth and spread of Islamic, the rise of non-Iranian governments, wars, riots, and insecurity resulting from repeated attacks of Huns of central Asia to Iran.

One of the most efficient tool for explaining theosophical concepts, is image. Unmaterial matters, indescribable spiritual experiences and unknown theosophical concepts, have ability to visualize by literary images and therefor transmitted to the reader. The role of nature and its elements in a variety of image processing; especially the theosophical imagery, has always been considerable. Multiple and diverse natural phenomena, have unrivaled function for metaphysical matters making sensible; so that the use of nature in the image, is taking account of Mowlana's most sensible theosophical technique – literary. Purpose of this study, is to analyze the types of  images correlated with the nature of mowlavi's sonnet; the aim that is not yet supplied in detailed and independent researchable form, despite many researches about mowlana's sonnets. During the realization of this objective, the reader will encounter the most important elements of nature and reasons of attention of mowlavi to phenomena, as well as the most prominent types of images used by the poet. Among this group of mowlana's images, the most frequency and the most dominant fictional aspect is simile and following it, symbol and then metaphor succeed. Among the elements that are derived directly sometimes by from nature and form these image, the most explicit appearance is sky and its luminaries. Water and its dependent phenomena, flowers, plants, trees and fruites; also animals and birds are other the most frequency elements.

Most of the verse and prose Gnostic works have oral and verbal aesthetics senses. Poems, proverbs, speeches, brief writings, allusion, illustrations, and most of the attractive and elegant tales are common qualities of the literature and Gnostic works. In spite of the differences in kinds and aspects of the view points from the phenomenon’s in literature and Gnostic, all the reactions and methods are common in both of them and composed from thinking, kindness and imagination in all the important literary and Gnostic works. Of course, there are a lot of music manifestations and eloquent and original elements in all the prose and Gnostic works completely. For example, Dr shafiee kadkani defines Gnostic as a very special artistic view point toward the natural world.

“Estebtan” means to go through something in order to know about a deep fact in the most encyclopedias. Bout in some of them it means “internal – discovering”, “Enteve”, “heart”, …. There are some experts believe that “heart” and “Estebtan” are not the same in their meanings, hence it is oblivious. On the other hand, the reference of “Alstebtan” plays an important role in the light of culture, encyclopedia, mystical literature, and philosophical discussions. Finding them show the interconnections between word science in Arabic language and other sciences such as “mystical literature”, and “philosophy”. This study tries to examine the narrative, literary, Quran examples to show the scientific position of term “Estebtan” in the comparative, mystical discussions and to illustrate their connections. The goal is to show term concept of “Alstebtan” as “to see and show the identity of things”, “the identity of things” in the vast region of mystical literature and philosophical discussions. There especially some philosophers who to know the identity of things around them. Therefore there are two axes in this study including: Preface to vocabulary meaning, term of “Alstebtan” in some of literary, narrative and Quran examples and Analytical study of mystical and Islamic literature.

In the book “Roze Khold” written by Majd Khafi, there exist lots of stories related to mysticism and piety. From eighteen chapters of this book, one chapter is devoted to mystic, two to piety and disloyalty of the world. It should be mentioned that there are also other few dispersed stories with the content of piety and mysticism in other chapters of this book. Majd Khafi has not pointed to any of these stories; and we managed to extract sources of thirty-one mystic stories from Arabic sources of before and after Majd Khafi in this paper.

Mysticism is one of the most effective school of thought in Iran literature history, it has been involved in conflicts in thought, believes , while it has been considered as a social and ideological process. Then, the reasons and foundation of differences in thoughts and ideas of Mystical have been studied.