Women’s Health Bulletin
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

Context: Preterm birth accounts for significant neonatal mortality and morbidity as well as substantial health costs. As our understanding of aetiology and risk factors for preterm birth increases, predictive tools and prophylactic interventions have been developed to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. These are effective, but require surveillance of asymptomatic high-risk women, as well as ultrasound and surgical expertise. This has led to the development of preterm birth surveillance clinics (PSCs), which pool these resources together and have changed the focus of care from reactive to predictive and preventative management.
A literature review of the evidence surrounding the predictive tests (cervical length, fetal fibronectin, Actim Partus, Partosure) and prophylactic interventions (cerclage, progesterone, Arabin pessary, antibiotics, and steroids) for preterm birth to understand what preterm birth surveillance clinics do and how effective they are.
Measuring cervical length and fetal fibronectin levels are two of the most accurate predictive tests preterm birth, especially when used in combination. Other predictive tools like Actim Partus and Partosure are effective for symptomatic women, but their role in surveillance of asymptomatic women is unclear. Cervical cerclage is effective in reducing preterm birth in women with previous losses, but the role of progesterone and pessaries remains debated. Steroids remain one of the most effective antenatal intervention, but they need to be administered within a tight timeframe in order to confer maximal benefit. The role of PSCs in predicting the timing of birth and targeting women at highest risk to appropriate interventions is therefore crucial in optimizing care and improving outcomes.
Nearly every step of management is still debated although many have a strong evidence-base and effective interventions do exist. The challenge is finding the optimal management pathway, and details of which populations benefit from which interventions need to be evaluated. While evidence continues to be collated, the poor outcomes of preterm birth and the multiple options available to reduce them justify preterm birth surveillance clinics being resourced.

Addiction leads to numerous physical and mental problems for the addicted person and consequently major problems for the relatives.
The current study aimed at investigating the psychodynamic characteristics of females with addicted husbands in Kerman, Iran
In the current cross sectional study, 60 volunteer females with addicted husbands were compared with 60 wives of non-addict males. The thematic apperception (TAT) projective test along with the Ruben scoring system was used to evaluate the sample units. Data were collected from September 2015 to February 2016 and analyzed using t test and the Pearson chi-square test with SPSS software version 20.
The mean age of the case group was 32.6 ± 2.4 years with more children, compared with the control group (P Understanding and perception of the nature of addiction, how to deal with it, and cope with the addict bring a deep challenge to the personality characteristics of the addict’s spouse. In consequence, such scenarios lead to conflicting communications among them and they turn to the frequent use of immature and neurotic defence mechanisms such as identification and cope with the problem in the interpersonal relationships. Identification of the characteristics of such females helps to employ better strategies to improve their quality of life.

Along the cognitive and behavioral changes during adolescence, some changes emerge in the quality and quantity of teenage females’ interactions. They spend increasing amount of time with their peers and begin to place more importance on their views and advice. Therefore, parents are not the exclusive source of emotional experiences in this period. On the other hand, emotion socialization is 1 of the factors that affect behavioral problems in this period. Despite the growing body of research which shows the effect of parents and peers’ emotion socialization on children’s psychopathology, there is no study in Iran to compare the role of parents and peers’ emotion socialization in predicting teenage females’ psychopathology. An understanding of the parental and peer influences on teenage females’ behavioral problems might suggest directions for the focus of interventional programs and family training.
For this purpose, 202 teenage females selected by the convenient sampling method from Shiraz high schools, Iran, completed the measure of emotion socialization (the emotions as a child; EAC2) scale, peer emotion socialization (you and your friends; YYF) scale, and adolescents’ problem status (the youth self-report; YSR) questionnaire.
Results showed that reward was the most popular strategy that parents and peers used. Also, results showed that parents’ magnification and negligence can significantly and positively predict teenage females’ psychopathology (P value Families should be viewed as central to the well-being of adolescents, and informed about their effect on their teenage females’ behavioral problems. They should also be trained how to respond to their children emotions.

Non-stress test is the most widely used test to assess fetal status. The presence of beat-to-beat variability is reassuring while its absence is not reassuring.
In this single-blind clinical trial, 213 pregnant women with gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks were randomly allocated into three groups (auditory intervention for mother, auditory intervention for fetus, and control), each containing 71 subjects. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test and Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, paired t-test was used to compare each group before and after the intervention.
The results showed a significant difference among the three groups regarding beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate in the second 10 minutes of the test (P = 0.006). Besides, the results of Tukey HSD test indicated that this difference was significant between the control group and auditory intervention for mother group (P = 0.004). Moreover, the results of t-test showed a significant difference in beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate between the first and the second 10 minutes of the test in both groups of auditory intervention for mother (P Since beat-to-beat variability of the fetal heart rate is indicator of fetal health, music intervention can be used to increase the number of accelerations and reduce false positive results in NST.

In modern societies, nurses’ issues and investigation of their problems has found a vital importance.
The present study investigated the mediating role of hospital stress and anxiety in relationship between psychological capital and depression in women nurses.
This research was a correlational study. Data was analyzed by the path analyze method and by using Amos (v. 22). Participants included 178 nurses (females) in hospitals from Borujerd city, Lorestan Province, that were selected by the accidental sampling method. Participants completed the hospital stress scale, psychological capital scale, as well as they negative emotions scale. To examine reliability of measures, cronbach coefficient, and to determine validity, internal consistency was used. The results showed an acceptable reliability and validity of the instruments
Results showed that: (1) the variables of self-efficacy (β = -0.041, P = 0.007), resilience (β = -0.071, P = 0.008), hope (β = -0.067, P = 0.004), and optimism (β = -0.087, P= 0.003), had a negative and indirect effect on depression; (2) the variables of self-efficacy (β = -0.025, P = 0.014), resilience (β = -0.155, P= 0.006), hope (β = -0.040, P = 0.007), and optimism (β = -0.245, P = 0.006), had a negative and indirect effect on anxiety; (3) hospital stress (β = 0.175, P = 0.006) had a positive and indirect effect on depression.
According to these results, increasing of dimensions of psychological capital leads to reduction of hospital stress, anxiety, and depression in female nurses.

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) following molar pregnancy is a rare condition. The present study aimed at reporting a case of uterine arteriovenous malformation after molar pregnancy.
A 38-year-old woman with repeated heavy vaginal bleeding was referred to oncology department of Ghaem hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. She had history of evacuation curettage of molar pregnancy in the previous month. Examinations revealed AVM in fundus of uterus; and the patients was asymptomatic after embolization of the AVM and she is now under serial follow-up.
The diagnosis of AVM should be considered when an unexplained massive hemorrhage occurs after gestational trophoblastic disease. In the case of correct diagnosis, unnecessary surgery is avoided.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a physiological condition of pregnancy. However, in some patients, it could be harmful due to possible complications such as pancreatitis. Treating this clinical condition during pregnancy is controversial as many drugs are not allowed in different trimesters. The current report discussed 2 cases of HTG and their outcomes during pregnancy.
The 1st patient had twin pregnancy and a “milky” blood sample raised suspicion on abnormal lipid profile (LP) during the pregnancy screening tests. There was a positive history of HTG and the available laboratory results showed triglyceride (TG) 3920 mg/dL, cholesterol (Chol) 1370 mg/dL, and normal amylase and lipase serum levels. The patient received daily LP and blood glucose monitoring as well as insulin, gemfibrozil, and fish oil prescription. In the 30th week of gestation, one of the fetuses was lost and a cesarean section, because of preterm uterine contractures, was performed. Mother and baby were discharged in good conditions. The 2nd patient presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the 22nd week of gestation. The patient had gestational diabetes without the history of HTG. Laboratory results were as follows: TG 878 mg/dL, Chol 249 mg/dL, amylase 251 U/L, and lipase 29 U/L. The patient was treated as pancreatitis induced by HTG. Therefore, gemfibrozil and fish oil were prescribed in addition to hydration and low fat diet. A healthy term baby was the result of pregnancy.
Establishing prompt medical treatment and controlling comorbid conditions are essential in gestational HTG. Although there are controversial reports about using medications such as fibrates and fish oil, gemfibrozil and fish oil were recommended as an effective treatment for the patients with gestational HTG.