مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1396)

We aimed to evaluate the effect of physiological and environmental factors on the number and distribution of lymphoid cells in the kidney of Chacalburnus chalcodies. Overall, 84 fish were collected from three sampling stations (sea, river, and estuary) in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, Gilan Province, northern Iran during 12 months. After biometry and determination of age and sex, the kidney was removed and fixed for histological studies. The highest distribution of lymphoid cells was observed during the summer and the lowest during the winter. Linear regression showed a significant correlation between water temperature and lymphoid cell distribution (P<0. 05). Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between lymphoid cells distribution with water, air temperature and dissolved oxygen (P<0. 05). Distribution of lymphoid cells had a significant and negative correlation with salinity so that their distribution in the sea was significantly less than the river and estuary. Distribution of lymphoid cells was not statically significant based on fish gender. Distribution of lymphoid cells in kidney Ch. chalcodies had a reverse correlation with age, total length and weight (P<0. 01).

We aimed to evaluate the effect of compost earthworm on the growth factors and survival rate of Guppy larvae in comparison with commercial Biomar food. Guppy larvae were divided into three groups with three different food rations including group 1 (control) with Biomar food, group two with dried compost earthworm diet and the third group was fed with Biomar as an equal mixture of dried compost earthworm. The larvae rearing lasted for five weeks and then, the data were analyzed statistically. The survival rate (SR) and growth factors such as specific growth rate (SGR), body weight index (BWI) and daily growth rate (GR), in the third group compared to the other groups, and the second group were better than the control group. Significant changes were observed between the groups too (P≤0. 05). Thus, the use of dried compost earthworm and Biomar food simultaneously improves the survival rate and growth factors. It is recommended for using in diet.

We investigated the impact of button mushroom compost and fertilizer on tissues structure of four cultured warm water species at Shahid Ahmadian Khorramshahr, Khuzestan Province, and southern Iran. Juveniles with an average weight of 69. 60 ± 1. 28 gr for two months in six pools with button mushroom compost and fertilizers in warm water fish culture were fed. During breeding, treatment groups and control were fed by button mushroom compost and chemical fertilizer. At the end of the stipulated time and biometrics, 5 mm tissue samples removed from the middle part of the esophagus after tissue preparing sections staining with (H & E), were studied using light microscope equipped with Dinolite lens. Number of goblet cells and thickness of epithelium of the esophagus in the treatment group were increased compared to the control group in silver carp and big head species. However, in common carp and grass carp, it was unemployed. Moreover, thickness of the muscular layer of the esophagus in four species in treatment than the control group was more of significant difference (P<0. 05).

Spaceflight experiments in microgravity environments revealed that spaceflight affected the physiology of the testis. We used the tail-suspension model to simulate microgravity and investigated its effect on tissue and function of the testis in sexually mature male rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (N =6). Microgravity simulation was done by the tail hanging method; control 1) no tail traction, and tail suspension, control 2) no simulating micro angiitis just the zinc prescription and zinc was soluble in water. Groups include: 1) Just simulated microgravity, Group 2: Simulated microgravity and prescription zinc. Controls: 1: without any interventionist, 2: just used zinc. Semen, serum, and seminal plasma zinc were analyzed. LH and FSH were measured. Sample prepared from the epididymis of rats and Spermogram was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The effect of microgravity on testosterone, LH, FSH, was significantly low in oligospermia, baseline sperm the concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, length and weight of the testicles, sperm with normal morphology. FSH, LH zinc treated groups were not significantly different from other groups. The negative effects on sperm parameters were significantly reduced. Dietary restriction of zinc can affect on microgravity testicular function adversely. The effect of zinc deficiency can prevent negative effects on sperm parameters.

Cancer is an uncontrollable cell growth. One of kinds of it, is breast cancer whose main therapeutic approach is chemotherapy with side effects. Today, the use of natural ingredients, such as chalcones, has been used to treat cancer. The aim of this study was to induce apoptosis with nitrochalcone drugs in breast cancer cells of 4 t1 and on Balb / c mice. Drug toxicity was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 hours and at concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 μM. Hematoxylin-azine was evaluated after treatment of tumor mice. Then, significant results were analyzed by SPSS and Anova with p

The gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gold nanoparticles in Wistar rats. The total of 40 female Wistar rats was randomly divided into 4 groups: control (treated with 1 ml normal saline) and three experimental groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 received 1 ml of solution containing 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg gold nanoparticle by gavage for 15 successive days, respectively. The ovaries were removed from postnatal development; their weights were recorded and fixed in Bouin’s solution; subsequently, 6 µm serial paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin; the structural changes of ovarian were studied. There was no significant difference on mean ovary of among all the treated, and control groups. There was no significant difference in the size of ovary, the average number of primary and secondary follicle among the 3 groups of rats (P<0. 05). Therefore, gold nanoparticles at these concentrations and 60 nm size, do not effect on the ovary in Wistar rats.

According to the widespread use of nanoparticles in medicine, the pathological study seems to be necessary. Important properties of nanoparticles are their small size. Accumulation of fat and inflammation of the liver are the beginning stage of liver cirrhosis. We aimed to determine the effect of nano-curcumin on fatty liver disease. Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups (n=10): control, gavaged with normal food. The second group were fed cholesterol, third group were fed cholesterol and curcumin. Other groups were fed different dose of nano-curcumin. Then, lipid profile and liver enzymes were measured and liver tissues were fixed in formalin buffer, staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Evaluation of serum cholesterol showed that treatment with curcumin significantly decreased cholesterol, TG, and LDL of plasma level. Histopathological changes of the liver in the group received cholesterol showed vacuoles of fat, in groups which were fed low doses of the nano-curcumin did not show fat vacuoles of fat. Nano-curcumin may be used in the safe doses for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a movement disorder, and its diagnosis is based on the presence of a set of cardinal motor symptoms. Since the pathogenesis of PD is not well understood today, the importance of the use of animal models to better understand PD and its cure is discovered. We aimed to provide new evidence on the comparison effect of rotenone on the components of PD. Thirty male mice (30±2 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, rotenone solvent group, and rotenone group (ROT). ROT was treated with rotenone injections (2 mg/kg/48 h) for 19 days. Thus, the components of balance, movement, muscle rigidity and muscle strength tested by rotarod, open-field, and triple horizontal bar, and save testing data to evaluate and compare the effects of rotenone on these components. Component of muscle strength in all groups affected more than other components (P<0. 05). In the next degree of balance, movement and muscle rigidity were affected. Rotenone could affect components of PD model which improved muscle strength component and was better than that of the other components. Probably this subject, including the main features of rotenone creates an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important autoimmune diseases targeting central nervous system (OMIM: 126200). It is known to be the second factor of movement disability in the world which is increasing in recent years. It is essential to perform fundamental and functional studies on its prevention and treatment. Although the major causes of MS incidence are still unclear, CD4 (+) myelin-specific T cells play central role in generation and inflammation balance. Accordingly, activated CD4 (+) T cells in peripheral, penetrate into the CNS and trigger the inflammation cascade by inducing secretion of cytokine and chemokine. Among Th17 cells, one of CD4 (+) T cell lines is recently shown to be mainly involved in MS incidence. The role of RORA gene in the developmental pathways Th17 cells, and regarding evidence suggesting RORA receptors as potential treatment targets respecting inflammation disorders such as MS. Study on this gene would help us to discover the molecular causes of MS. We selected 30 individuals affected with MS and 30 healthy normal controls matched in gender and age. After filling a questionnaire, peripheral blood was obtained and total RNA was extracted by GeneAll kit. Then, cDNA was synthesized using GeneAll cDNA synthetize kit. Expression of RORA gene was investigated using TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Results were analyzed using Linreg and Rest 2009 software. Expression of RORA gene was not significantly reduced compared to controls (P=0. 197). Moreover, expression of RORA gene was not significantly different between genders (P=0. 142, P=0. 156). There was no significant difference in RORA gene expression between cases and control group. Expression level of RORA gene may have not important effect on the disease.

Today, researchers are attracted to focus on the prevention of production of free radicals, and the consumption of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in young women after a session of heavy resistance exercise. In this quasi-experimental design, 20 young women with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 250 ml normal pomegranate juice daily and the second received 250 ml of placebo for two weeks each day. After two weeks, both groups participated in a session of heavy resistance exercise. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study after 12 h of fasting. TAC and MDA were measured by TBARS and FRAP reactions respectively, then analyzed by independent t-test at P≤0. 05 level. Pomegranate juice supplementation group had a significant increase in the TAC after heavy resistance exercise (P =0. 038). However, this change was not significant in the placebo group. MDA in pomegranate juice supplementation group showed a significant decrease after heavy resistance training (P=0. 016). This change was not significant in the placebo group. Taking supplements two weeks of heavy resistance exercise can improve total anti-oxidative capacity and reduce lipid peroxidation in young women.