فهرست مطالب

Archives in Military Medicine - Volume:5 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

Journal of Archives in Military Medicine
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Leigh G. Cooper *, Suresh J. Antony Page 1
    Background
    Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia are a group of transmissible, progressive, and ultimately lethal neurodegenerative disorders caused by prion diseases. Prion disease may present in sporadic, inherited, and acquired forms. Fewer new cases of CJD are presenting themselves compared to the 1990’s when a surge of cases was recognized after an extended incubation period following dura mater and growth hormones replacement up to 25 years before. Currently, prion disease affects approximately 1 - 2 persons per million worldwide annually. In recent years, however, variant CJD has been associated with transfusions, making the possibility of transmission through operative procedures, blood, and tissue donations a real concern. Since the emergence of variant CJD, prion disease has become a considerable public health threat, not only because of their mysterious pathogenesis, but the lack of treatment options, limited diagnostic availability, and emerging transmission routes.
    Active surveillance of human prion diseases is critical for disease control and prevention considering the limited options for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Due to the risk to public health, CJD surveillance systems are now established in many countries; especially developing countries and deployed military units where healthcare is poor and infection control measures in the field are difficult to maintain. Several long-term multinational cooperative projects are on-going as well as reporting systems which protect military families from purchasing bovine in endemic countries.
    Objective
    This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics of various human prion diseases, infection control issues, current disinfection processes as well as recommended processes, and active surveillance systems in different countries.
    Conclusions
    Prion disease represents a continued public health concern due to its insidious nature. Current practice continues to advance finding better ways at diagnosing earlier. Treatment options are still far from being anything but palliative. Prevention remains the primary component to neutralizing the spread of non-inherited forms of prion disease.
    Keywords: Prion Disease, Epidemiology, Creutzfeldt, Jakob Disease, Surveillance, PrP, PrPsc, Variant CJD, Infection Control
  • Masarat Ayat *, Mohammad Sharifi Page 2
    Background
    Today, there are different benchmarks created to evaluate the maturity of hospital information systems, however, until very recently, there was no reference framework or model to evaluate these system. In the end, a universally famous model called the electronic medical record adoption model appeared as a cornerstone to assess the maturity rate of hospital information system applications in hospitals. However, many developing countries and even some developed nations have not yet been able to present it in countries around the globe.
    Objectives
    The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the maturity of military and civilian (governmental and private) hospitals with regards to electronic medical record adoption model in Isfahan and Tehran provinces of Iran.
    Methods
    This research was a descriptive analytical study to evaluate 2 military, 5 governmental, and 3 private hospitals in the provinces of Isfahan and Tehran in 2016. The selection method was simple random sampling for military hospitals and stratified sampling for civilian hospitals. The measurement tool was electronic medical record adoption model checklist.
    Results
    The findings showed that 100% of military and civilian hospitals reached the 1st stage requirements of EMRAM. However, 50% of all military hospitals, 60% of governmental and 66% of private hospitals have overcome the 2nd stage of HIS maturity. Consequently, these hospitals have the least suitable conditions and stages. However, the military hospitals’ maturity was clearly diverse. Moreover, private hospitals showed more obvious immaturity of HISs than military and governmental hospitals. Also, the maturity of military and governmental hospitals was roughly similar.
    Conclusions
    By comparing the Iranian military and civilian hospitals, it was found that maturity of HISs was rather same. The HISs did not apply full potential benefits of HIS and were put up to the third stage of EMRAM in these hospitals. However, the governmental hospital was still standing against it. Eventually, there was no strategy to develop a HIS plan in these hospitals. However, more research is needed to investigate the military hospitals in Iran due to the fact that 2 different types of military along with police health care systems are operating in Iran.
    Keywords: Information System, Military Hospital, Electronic Medical Records, private hospital, Iran
  • Zahra Hami, Ramin Zibaseresht * Page 3
    Background
    Quinoline and its variety of derivatives have long been studied for their biological activities such as anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
    Objectives
    As part of our research, we are interested in the synthesis and development of heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline derivatives and poly-pyridyl materials that might have potential biological activities. Particularly, anti-cancerous and anti-bacterial properties of such compounds are of our interest.
    Methods
    A previously synthesized mixture of two quinoline derivative isomers (7-methylquinoline and 5-methylquinoline (A B)) and other four quinoline derivatives (7-methyl-8-nitro-quinoline (C), 7- (β-trans- (N,N-dimethylamino) ethenyl) -8-nitroquinoline (D), 8-nitro-7-quinolinecarbaldehyde (E), and 8-Amino-7-quinolinecarbaldehyde (F)) were selected to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity against human epithelial colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cultured cells by MTT assay. The IC50 values for the mixture and other compounds were calculated by SigmaPlot 12.0 software.
    Results
    Compounds (A B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) showed IC50 values of 2.62, 1.87, 0.93, 0.53, and 1.140 µM, respectively.
    Conclusions
    Our investigation suggested that all compounds were cytotoxic against Caco-2 cell lines. We observed that the previously synthesized quinoline derivatives (A B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) in a reaction sequence show an influence in cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cell lines. Based on our evaluation, quinoline derivative (E) showed the highest cytotoxicity against the cultured cells compared to the other compounds we studied. An increase in cytotoxicity was observed from the mixture (A B) to the compounds (C), (D) and (E), in sequence, while cytotoxicity of compound (F) appeared to be less than that of compound (E). Based on our observations, we concluded that functionalization of the quinoline derivatives we studied resulted in a change in cytotoxic activities of the compounds. Therefore, the functionalization strategy we employed for the quinoline derivatives could be useful in controlling the cytotoxic level of such compounds.
    Keywords: Quinoline Derivatives, Functionalization, Caco, 2, Cytotoxicity
  • Zahra Farsi * Page 4
    Background
    Evidence shows that people, including healthcare providers, use different coping strategies to cope with life changes and the resulting stress. War causes mortality, loss of health, and long-term physical and psychological complications for military staff, civilians, and healthcare providers. Both pleasant and unpleasant changes in human life require a readjustment.
    Objectives
    The objective of this study was to explain the coping strategies of healthcare providers with tension resources during the Iran-Iraq war.
    Methods
    This was a qualitative content analysis conducted during years 2015 and 2016. The researcher collected, coded, and analyzed the data. In a survey conducted by the researcher, 119 written narratives of 101 healthcare providers during the Iran-Iraq war were collected. To analyze the data, the principles of conventional content analysis were used.
    Results
    The results of the analysis of 952 pages of written narratives in the relevant literature led to the emergence 8 themes. The main themes included acceptance, emotional release, denial and avoidance, shock and disbelieve, self-control, religious strategies, engaging in fun activities, and seeking social support.
    Conclusions
    Transforming the experiences and tacit knowledge of healthcare providers during the war to explicit knowledge could help to identify and analyze problems and provide appropriate solutions in similar scenarios. Also, it would be an effective solution for more effective coping and prevention of mental health problems. Similar studies are recommended to determine the coping strategies of healthcare providers using other methods of data collection including interviews with participants.
    Keywords: Adjustment, Coping, Healthcare Providers, Iran, Iraq, Qualitative Research
  • Mohammad Barati, Mahdi Fakhar, Shirzad Gholami, Bahman Rahimi Esboei *, Taher Elmi Page 5
    Background
    Diarrheal disease is one of the most common problems that affected deployed military personnel during operations and maneuvers. Giardia (G.) lamblia is one of the causes of parasitic diarrhea in humans. There are very few therapeutics agents with unpleasant adverse effects available for treating giardiasis. Stachys lavandulifolia with polyphenolic structure is considered as an antimicrobial agent. In this study we evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activity of Stachys lavandulifolia leaves on cysts of G. lamblia.
    Methods
    G. lamblia cysts were isolated by the sucrose method. Various concentrations of the watery and n-hexane extracts (2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 mg/mL respectively) were used for giardiacidal activity in 6 different times (1, 5, and 30 minutes, as well as 1, 3, and 6 hours).
    Results
    The watery and n-hexane extract revealed great activity when compared to the control group (P
    Conclusions
    Stachys lavandulifolia leaves, as a safe herbal medicine could be confirmed for anti giardial activity.
    Keywords: Herbal Medicines, In Vitro, Giardia Lamblia, Stachys lavandulifolia
  • Esmaeil Zarghami, Faezeh Dadras *, Nafiseh Hoseini Yekta Page 6
    Background
    People with various mental and physical features show different favorites to colors. The relationship between individual features of humans and their propensities to circumstantiality of color have been evaluated in psychological discussions. According to the generality of concept of temperament and covering physical and mental features of people, it seems that a significant relationship can be obtained between temperamental difference of people and their propensities to circumstantiality of color.
    Methods
    Temperaments of 100 visitors to traditional medicine clinics at Tehran University were identified by the method of doctor checkup and temperament-assessment questionnaire. Their propensities to 3 components of coldness and warmth of colors, light and darkness of color, and contrast or uniformity in the arrangement of colors next to each other in both fields of colors selection and spaces selection with different tonality were obtained by the questionnaire of assessment of temperament
    Results
    In total, 100 responders with an average age of 27 years old, 42% male, and 57% female completed the questionnaire. Wet temperaments have more propensity to light colors (significant difference: P = 0.001) and also spaces with light tonality than dry temperaments (significant difference: P = 0.008). Warm temperaments have a higher interest to warm colors than cold temperaments (significant difference: P = 0.019); however, they prefer spaces with cold tonality (significant difference: P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship between temperamental groups and propensity to spaces with arrangement of harmonious or opposite colors beside each other.
    Conclusions
    There is a significant relationship between temperamental differences of people and their propensity to circumstantiality of color. Wetness or dryness of temperament is effective on circumstantiality of lightness and darkness of color and warmth and coldness of temperament is effective on propensity to warmth and coldness of the color. Attention to temperamental propensities of people in propensity to colors can improve the quality of human made physical environment and create human-based and sedative space.
    Keywords: Temperament, Color, Environment