Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

Consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) leads to spatial memory impairment and hippocampal cell death.
The present study evaluated the capacity of antioxidant supplementation to interact with the effects of high fat diet at the molecular level.
Animal groups were exposed to HFD for 9 months with free access to high fat diet and high fat diet with antioxidant supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C, and Astaxanthin). At the end of the study, brains were removed and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (Trk β), synapsin I, and the transcription factor Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampi were measured.
Antioxidants protected against HFD-induced cell death and the up-regulation of BDNF, Trk β, Synapsin I, CREB, and Caspase-3.
This data suggested the possible benefit of vitamin E and C in the treatment of neurotoxicity among, those with a HFD.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of hospital infections around the world. It has been found in various studies, that 15% - 18% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different sources are capable of producing enterotoxin. The aim of this study is identifying Staphylococcus aureus, types C and E, which produce Enterotoxin, from human Infections in Zabol by PCR.
The present study was conducted on 60 urine samples in a 1-year period. Samples were randomly collected from different parts of the city of Zabol and transferred to the university lab in a minimum period of time by maintaining cold conditions. DNA extraction was performed and PCR was done for enterotoxin E and C.
The results of this study showed that isolated S. aureus was resistant to antibiotics including cefazolin (7.3%), doxycycline (12.10%), erythromycin (22.3%), rifampin (9.7%), ciprofloxacin (18.10%), and Co-trimoxazole (14.5%). The results of this study showed that the prevalence of enterotoxin E gene in S. aureus samples was 1.5%.
Regarding the importance of S. aureus secretes, 2 types of toxins with super antigen activity, enterotoxins, of which there are 6 antigenic types (named SE-A, B, C, D, E and G). In case of expression of enterotoxin genes, rapid treatment of the infection seems to be necessary.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of death in cancer for woman. Numerous SNPs linked to breast cancer have been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). They have revealed novel genetic markers for breast cancer susceptibility. There has not been any work on molecular events and breast cancer risk factors in Iran. Large-scale association studies have identified that rs2363956 from ANKLE1 (ankyrin repeat and LEM domain containing 1 gene) and rs3803662 of CASC16 (cancer susceptibility 16) genes associated with the risk of breast cancer are found to be the main markers in breast cancer. We would like to explore the association of 2 SNPs rs2363956 and rs3803662 regarding the risk of breast cancer in Iranian women.
First, we evaluated 126 breast cancer and 160 control women with peripheral blood for the DNA extracted using the genotyping Tetra-Primer ARMS –PCR technique also Immunohistochemical test of HER2- , HER2, ER-, ER, PR- , and PR upon breast tumor tissue patients.
In the current study, ANKLE1 (rs2363956) GG polymorphisms were found to have been significantly associated with breast cancer (26.190, frequency, Odd Ratio; 0.313, CI; 0.166-0.593, P value; 0.00025***).
However, it has been shown that there exists significant association between the low allele in ANKLE1 (rs2363956) GT to ER and PR negative tumor by the Immunohistochemi- pathology method.

Thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies are inherited disorders that result from genetic defects causing deficient synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains. This study was done to determine the prevalence and to study the complete spectrum of alpha and beta thalassemia gene mutations in the voluntary hemoglobinopathy carrier couples-to-be referred to health centers of Shoushtar city, located in the north Khuzestan province.
Subjects referred to health centers of the city of Shoushtar during 2011 - 2016 were evaluated for the presence of thalassemia minor. After that, alpha and beta thalassemia gene mutations were explored in suspected couples. The samples that underwent PND and diagnosing of causative mutational genes by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) through amniocentesis plus direct or indirect genetic testing at first trimester of pregnancy were proved to be a carrier for alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, or other hemoglobinapathies.
The mutations for 111/165 (67%) of beta thalassemia chromosomes (19 different mutations) were identified. Of which, IVSII-1 (G > A) and CD 36 - 37 (-T) mutations showed the highest frequency (23.4 for each one) followed by IVSI-110 (G > A) (10%), CD 82-83 (-G) (9%), and -110 (C > T) (7.2%). Among the alpha thalassemia subjects (54/165 (33%)), the -α3.7 mutation was the most common (79/6%) determinant identified in the city of Shoushtar. From 48 voluntary carrier couples who underwent PND, 10 (20.8%) couples were proved to have fetuses with major beta thalassemia; pregnancy termination was done for them.
These data suggest that the spectrum of mutations in the city of Shoushtar differs from those reported from other parts of Iran. Therefore, in order to save the time and cost, it is recommended that for the prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in the city of Shoushtar, analysis of common mutations should be considered as a front line screening strategy. Prenatal diagnosing in this survey demonstrated that beta thalassemia was the most common accounting for all disorders.

Levisticum officinale contains a variety of components used for its medicinal properties in traditional medicine. The previous studies showed that it had an anti-cancer effect on cell lines. The current study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Levisticum officinale hydroalcoholic extract (LOHE) on DU-145 and PC-3 human advanced prostate cancer cell lines. The anti-proliferative activity of LOHE was evaluated using the MTT assay. The results of MTT showed that the IC50 of DU-145 and PC-3 were 500 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL of LOHE, respectively, following 24 hours treatment. This study found that the hydroalcoholic extract of Levisticum officinale had beneficial cell death inducing effects on both the PC3 and DU145 human prostate carcinoma cell lines in time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Hence, LOHE may have remarkable potential for uses as new natural anticancer agent.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of food poisoning in the world. This pathogen has the ability to create biofilms that can lead to food contamination. The presence of biofilm producing genes in this bacterium plays a very important role in its virulence and pathogenicity and even prevents the penetration of antibiotics in pathogenicity time. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of biofilm producing genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local cheese samples in Maragheh city.
20 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from local cheese samples in Maragheh city that had been identified phenotypically by biochemical tests for confirmatory diagnosis were identified by multiplication of species-specific thermonuclease gene (nuc) by PCR method. Specific primers for each gene were used for detection of biofilm producing genes icaA, icaD, fnbA, and clfB by PCR method.
17 isolates (85%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by multiplying of thermonuclease (nuc) species-specific gene. The frequency of each gene separately in tested isolates was icaA (76.47%), icaD (58.82%), fnbA (64.7%), and clfB (76.47%). 5 isolates (29.41%) contained all of the tested genes simultaneously. The most frequency of tested genes combinationally was associated with icaA, icaD, and clfB genes (41.17%). None of the Staphylococcus aureus samples was negative regarding the presence of four tested genes.
Molecular confirmation of 85% of Staphylococcus aureus strains by PCR method represents more accuracy of this method compared to biochemical methods. High frequency of biofilm producing genes in tested isolates indicates high potential of this bacterium in biofilm forming. The difference in the dispersion of effective genes in biofilm forming among different Staphylococcus aureus strains probably originates in geographical differences and differences in ecological origin of isolated bacteria.

We report a 6-year-old girl with multiple congenital anomalies compatible with Fraser syndrome (cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and craniofacial abnormalities) and multiple urogenital abnormalities including unilateral renal agenesis resulting from mutations in the FRAS1 gene Exon58:C. 8698G-T (homozygous). The parents were heterozygous for the same mutation.